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There was used the developed by the authors methodology of physical and mathematical simulation of thermoradiational (in the range 1-2 µm) and conductive heat transmission in ceramic thermal insulation of chamber combustion inner walls of a diesel engine.
Physical and Mathematical Simulation The paper considers a two-layer model of TBC [19, 20].
Principles of Operation and Simulation Analysis, Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2009
Aigner, Impact of radiation on the wall heat load at a test bench gas turbine combustion chamber: measurements and CFD simulation, Am.

Analytical Approach Based on the finite volume method and the pressure-velocity coupling scheme of the SIMPLE algorithm, this study utilized the CFD software, FLUENT, to solve the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations to analyze the velocity and pressure fields in the air gap between the partially porous aerostatic journal bearing and the spindle.
To simplify the simulation, the following assumptions were made: (1) Being restricted by the porous material, the speed of air was slow so that it was assumed to have an isotropic viscous coefficient and an invariant density.
Design Concepts and Simulation Techniques Fig. 1 Section view of an aerostatic spindle module with multiple partially porous journal bearings.
In order to have the simulation model closer to the realistic operating condition and to investigate how the quantity of the porous insert affected the gap pressure, a design including two partially porous journal bearings separated by 54 mm and three air outlets was made, as shown in Fig. 4, for analysis of the gap pressure.
Rao, Simulation based on FLUENT and experimental research of porous aerostatic bearing, Master Thesis, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Inst. of Tech., China, 2006

Numerical simulations wereperformedto analyze the airflow in the subway twin-track tunnel [5, 6].
The choice of the turbulence model depends on considerations such as the flow physics including massive flow separations, established practice of a specific class of problem, level of accuracy required, available computational resources, and amount of computing time available for the simulation.
References [1] Jeon, J.S., Seo, J.W., Jeon, M.J., Eom, S.W., and Chae Y.Z., 2012, “Indoor Radon levels in the subway cabins of the Seoul metropolitan area”, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, Vol.28. pp. 374-383 (in korean) [2] Modic, J., 2003, “Fire simulation in road tunnels”, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology”, vol. 18, pp 525-530 [3] Ogawa, T., and Fujii, K., 1997, “Numerical investigation of three-dimensional compressible flows induced by a train moving into a tunnel, Computers & Fluids, vol. 26, pp 565-585 [4] Chen, T.Y., Lee, Y.T., and Hsu, C.C., 1998, “Investigations of piston-effect and jet fan-effect in model vehicle tunnels”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol.73, pp 99-110 [5] Li, J., Peng, H., and Li S.J., 2006, “Numerical simulation of flow characteristics in bidirectional subway tunnel”, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, vol. 5, pp 331-334 [6] Waymel, F., Monnoyer, F., and William-Louis, M.J.P., 2006,
“Numerical simulation of the unsteady three-dimensional flow in confined domains crossed by moving bodies”, Computers & Fluids, vol.35, pp 525-543 [7] Karlsson, H.
” Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, vol.2-1, pp. 60-67 [9] ANSYS CFX, 2009, ANSYS Workbench, ICEM-CFD, CFX-Pre, CFX-Solver, CFX-Post User’s Manual

Simulation on Heat Exchange Performance of Heat Pipe Grinding Wheel Q.S.
Brian Rowe: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture Vol. 41 (2001), p. 1-19 [4] Wang FU-jun: Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis: Principles and Applications of CFD Software (Tsinghua University Publications, China 2010) [5] Zhang jun: Heat Pipe Technology and Engineering Application (Chemical Industrial Press, China 2006)

They combined CFD and FEM coupling computing technology, and achieved abundant fruits on elastic modification of cruising appearance and aerodynamic characteristics as well as load redistribution.
Table 1 Overload, velocity pressure for gust load Loading conditions Overload (ny) Velocity pressure q/(N/m2) Lift coefficient (Cy) Load (P/N) Gust load 6.5 6385 0.72 101124 The aerodynamic load distribution was calculated by using CFD according to velocity, mach number and lift coefficient.
This is caused by the unsatisfying simulation of actual boundary conditions and poor concentrated mass distribution of the theoretical analysis model.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Simulation[M].

Temperature profile, heat transfer coefficient and pressure profile were obtained from the simulations and the performance was discussed in terms of heat transfer rate and performance index.
The CFD domain consists of four tubes with various geometry .
The evolution of numerical simulation such as streamlines, pressure contours and isotherms for flow across a four row of tube bank with two different nanoparticle volume concentration ( water , Al2O3 ) is depicted in Fig. 2.
Conclusions Numerical simulation has been investigated on heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of Al2O3/water nanofluid in compact heat exchanger with different tube shapes and an in-line arrangement of tubes under steady state laminar fluid flow.
Suh : Numerical Simulation of Water-Based Alumina Nanofluid in Subchannel Geometry,Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations Volume 2012, Article ID 928406, (2012) 12 pages [16] R.L.

The simulation for optimisation purposes imposes that computations are conducted in separate programming platforms, so partition of a whole model is a natural consequence.
Writing, one obtains the form of the Maxwell equation which has been used in simulation in the COMSOL package
Moreover, the heat losses caused by eddy currents have been taken into account in the simulation process.
It has been used in simulation in the SPICE package.
Because of the model symmetry and the long simulation computation time only half of the electromagnetic device has been taken under consideration.

According to the structure of workbench and base of heavy hydrostatic bearing which is applied in heavy equipment, thermal deformation equations of the structure are deduced and boundary conditions for numerical simulation are established based on thermal elasticity theory.
Figure 4 shows the FE model of workbench which is generated in ICEM CFD software and it has 457643 grids totally; figure 5 shows the FE model of base which has 146943 grids totally.

Numerical simulation is an important means of study on fluid and results require a large amount of experimental data for validation.
The Numerical simulation of the resistance of large FGD spray tower Journal of China Electrical Engineering, 2008,28 (5) :28-33 [5] Jincheng Zhan, Jingyu Ran, TuxinSun g.
The Numerical simulation and research of the process of the absorber tower of flue gas desulfurization.
The Numerical simulation of the optimization of internal flow in the desulfurization tower.
Multiphase Euler-Lagrange CFD applied to Wet Gas Desulphurization technology.

Presently, a numerical simulation with 3D conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis is accepted as a valuable method to obtain new and useful data for the gas-turbine designers.
So, it is worth testing the simulation under the five PRs.
However, the following simulations, PR=1.67 is used because it was the design intent of Timko [9].
Ma, Evaluation of CFD predictions using different turbulence models on a film cooled guide vane under experimental conditions, Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, (2015) ASME Paper GT2015-42563
Fathi, Sensitivity analysis on turbine blade temperature distribution using conjugate heat transfer simulation, ASME J.