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Online since: March 2014
Authors: Sandro Marden Torres, Enildo Tales Ferreira, Aluísio Braz de Melo, Roberto Leal Pimentel
Description of Tests and Data Processing
After 28 days of curing, the three cast slabs were tested for static load.
Each excitation and response signals lasted 4.0 secs and had a total of 4,096 data points.
The data was acquired and processed by the spectrum analyzer Dataphysics model Quattro, so as to obtain the frequency response functions (FRFs).
The aim of these tests was to provide additional data to investigate the pattern of changes induced by cracking.
This data provides a strong indication that the changes on modal properties were controlled by the ribs only and the concrete topping had little effect on them.
Each excitation and response signals lasted 4.0 secs and had a total of 4,096 data points.
The data was acquired and processed by the spectrum analyzer Dataphysics model Quattro, so as to obtain the frequency response functions (FRFs).
The aim of these tests was to provide additional data to investigate the pattern of changes induced by cracking.
This data provides a strong indication that the changes on modal properties were controlled by the ribs only and the concrete topping had little effect on them.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Li Zhang, Chen Kai, Ye Tian
This paper provides theoretical reference for vibration and noise reduction of the brake disc.
Fig. 6 Measurement window 2.3 Experimental result and data analysis The transfer function curve of each measured point is showed in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 The transfer function curve The PolyMAX algorithm is used to analyze the modal data, and the first four set natural frequencies and damping ratio of the break disc are obtained, which is shown as Tab. 3.
The result shows that the finite element model of the brake disc built in the paper is reasonable, which provides theoretical reference for vibration and noise reduction of the brake disc.
Fig. 6 Measurement window 2.3 Experimental result and data analysis The transfer function curve of each measured point is showed in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 The transfer function curve The PolyMAX algorithm is used to analyze the modal data, and the first four set natural frequencies and damping ratio of the break disc are obtained, which is shown as Tab. 3.
The result shows that the finite element model of the brake disc built in the paper is reasonable, which provides theoretical reference for vibration and noise reduction of the brake disc.
Online since: February 2020
Authors: Jie Yang
Germany and the RheoWin software was used to analyze the data.
An initial shear rate to the CGFB slurry was set to stir the slurry for seconds before the date collection to sustain the accuracy of the data.
The data showed the variation of the shear stress with shear rate at all concentration follow a straight-line behavior.
Base on the experimental data, the regression analysis was made at the solid concentration of 76.05, 78.05 and 80.05 % (by weight) respectively.
The yield stress calculation straight line fitting was done to each set of data for all CGFB slurry.
An initial shear rate to the CGFB slurry was set to stir the slurry for seconds before the date collection to sustain the accuracy of the data.
The data showed the variation of the shear stress with shear rate at all concentration follow a straight-line behavior.
Base on the experimental data, the regression analysis was made at the solid concentration of 76.05, 78.05 and 80.05 % (by weight) respectively.
The yield stress calculation straight line fitting was done to each set of data for all CGFB slurry.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Chun Juan Han
This paper deals with a new Carbon Di Oxide (CO2) EOR technique, “HOT CO2” which includes combination of thermal and solvent techniques where miscibility and viscosity reduction are primary concern.
After injection of HOT CO2 Flood at calculated IP=3000psi and IT=300oF.The reservoir attend the Saturation Pressure at 2200psi.Dual effect of HOT CO2 at viscosity reduction of Heavy oil from 592cp to 65cp from fig1.Selecting the applicable crude oil UOP K From Table4.
In the mentioned Summary of HOT CO2 Calculation there is marginally reduction in the viscosity of oil which ultimately affects the RF of the HOT CO2 flooding which is 3% increase from the convention CO2 flooding.
Screening Criteria of HOT CO2 Flooding Before doing any type of flooding the screening parameter is important aspect for oil recovery at the same time screening criteria however should not be considered absolute because they are based on limited theory and field data hence a candidate reservoir for one or more EOR process should not be discarded because it does not satisfy one or two criteria.
After injection of HOT CO2 Flood at calculated IP=3000psi and IT=300oF.The reservoir attend the Saturation Pressure at 2200psi.Dual effect of HOT CO2 at viscosity reduction of Heavy oil from 592cp to 65cp from fig1.Selecting the applicable crude oil UOP K From Table4.
In the mentioned Summary of HOT CO2 Calculation there is marginally reduction in the viscosity of oil which ultimately affects the RF of the HOT CO2 flooding which is 3% increase from the convention CO2 flooding.
Screening Criteria of HOT CO2 Flooding Before doing any type of flooding the screening parameter is important aspect for oil recovery at the same time screening criteria however should not be considered absolute because they are based on limited theory and field data hence a candidate reservoir for one or more EOR process should not be discarded because it does not satisfy one or two criteria.
Online since: November 2009
Authors: Ke Han
Although the value of m
needs more research and data to determine, equation (1) shows that the inter-lamellar spacing is one
of the most important parameters affecting yield strength.
This is probably one of the reasons why the data is so scattered and results are contradictory (e.g. at which lamellar spacing the ductility reaches the maxima).
Figure 1 shows the data of the strength vs. reduction-in-area at the fracture of a pearlitic steel with a chemistry of 0.93wt%C-0.82%Mn-1.02wt%Si-0.25wt%V.
The reduction of the lamellar spacing is achieved by cold drawing.
Despite the scattering of the data, one also observes a maximum in reduction-in-area of the fracture.
This is probably one of the reasons why the data is so scattered and results are contradictory (e.g. at which lamellar spacing the ductility reaches the maxima).
Figure 1 shows the data of the strength vs. reduction-in-area at the fracture of a pearlitic steel with a chemistry of 0.93wt%C-0.82%Mn-1.02wt%Si-0.25wt%V.
The reduction of the lamellar spacing is achieved by cold drawing.
Despite the scattering of the data, one also observes a maximum in reduction-in-area of the fracture.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Derek O. Northwood, Lily He, Erin Boyle, Randy J. Bowers
There was
not a significant further reduction in the amount of retained austenite and residual stress when the
tempering temperature was increased from 149°C to 177°C.
Based on the distortion data for 3 parameters (OD, gap width and flatness) for the quenched and tempered specimens, the amount of retained austenite for minimum distortion was approximately 25%.
With increased tempering temperature (149°C to 177°C), there was not a significant further reduction in the amount of retained austenite.
There was not a significant further reduction in the amount of retained austenite and residual stress when the tempering temperature was increased from 149°C to 177°C.
Based on the average distortion data (OD, gap width and flatness) for the tempered specimens, the amount of retained austenite for minimum distortion was approximately 25%.
Based on the distortion data for 3 parameters (OD, gap width and flatness) for the quenched and tempered specimens, the amount of retained austenite for minimum distortion was approximately 25%.
With increased tempering temperature (149°C to 177°C), there was not a significant further reduction in the amount of retained austenite.
There was not a significant further reduction in the amount of retained austenite and residual stress when the tempering temperature was increased from 149°C to 177°C.
Based on the average distortion data (OD, gap width and flatness) for the tempered specimens, the amount of retained austenite for minimum distortion was approximately 25%.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hua Biao Jin, Yuan Xin Mao, Qi Dou Wu, Fang Ping Yu
Introduction
In the technologies to reduce diesel emissions, the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technology roadmap is recognized as the most effective method to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx).
In SCR system, dosing unit delivers quantitative adblue(a 32.5% solution of urea in water) by real-time calculation and injects adblue into the exhaust pipe through a nozzle; adblue decomposes ammonia via pyrolysis reaction and hydrolysis reaction under high temperature condition; ammonia reacts with NOx in the exhaust by catalytic reduction in the catalytic converters, produce nitrogen and water, and finally reduce the content of NOx in the exhaust.
Fig. 3 The hardware structure of the control part Flash expansion is used to store the unit initialization data, the MAP and OBD diagnostic results during working process.
Fig. 4 The software architecture diagram of the control part Hardware driver layer completes the functional package for the operation of the underlying hardware, and provides a standard hardware operation interface to the software driver layer and user layer, for examples, the AD acquisition in the channel level, independent switch drive control to devices, CAN data communication, the regulation control of motor speed, read and write of the Flash, timer operation and interrupt handles.
The software driver layer not only achieves the modular processing to the package functions of the hardware drivers, but also provides common programming operation functions for the user, such as the initialization function, self-diagnostic function, the pump operating function, large amounts of data storage used in the map operation of online calibration, quick query in the MAP data.
In SCR system, dosing unit delivers quantitative adblue(a 32.5% solution of urea in water) by real-time calculation and injects adblue into the exhaust pipe through a nozzle; adblue decomposes ammonia via pyrolysis reaction and hydrolysis reaction under high temperature condition; ammonia reacts with NOx in the exhaust by catalytic reduction in the catalytic converters, produce nitrogen and water, and finally reduce the content of NOx in the exhaust.
Fig. 3 The hardware structure of the control part Flash expansion is used to store the unit initialization data, the MAP and OBD diagnostic results during working process.
Fig. 4 The software architecture diagram of the control part Hardware driver layer completes the functional package for the operation of the underlying hardware, and provides a standard hardware operation interface to the software driver layer and user layer, for examples, the AD acquisition in the channel level, independent switch drive control to devices, CAN data communication, the regulation control of motor speed, read and write of the Flash, timer operation and interrupt handles.
The software driver layer not only achieves the modular processing to the package functions of the hardware drivers, but also provides common programming operation functions for the user, such as the initialization function, self-diagnostic function, the pump operating function, large amounts of data storage used in the map operation of online calibration, quick query in the MAP data.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Thomas Feudel
The analysis of volume production data has shown that the control of the sRTA
temperature is equally important to the control of the lengths and widths of the transistors gates [5].
A 25% reduction in junction depth can be achieved when reducing the temperature from 1090 o C to 1050 o C.
Figure 6: Left: nMOS gate oxide thickness reduction with laser or flash lamp annealing compared to a sRTA process.
A 13% reduction in sheet resistance could be achieved.
Nevertheless, a temperature reduction is helpful to reduce transistor parameter fluctuation.
A 25% reduction in junction depth can be achieved when reducing the temperature from 1090 o C to 1050 o C.
Figure 6: Left: nMOS gate oxide thickness reduction with laser or flash lamp annealing compared to a sRTA process.
A 13% reduction in sheet resistance could be achieved.
Nevertheless, a temperature reduction is helpful to reduce transistor parameter fluctuation.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Jun Guo Li, Yan Ping Feng, Na Bi, Yan Shi
Because the major concerns of industrial sponge iron production are concentrated on metallization reduction rate and lower impurity content, the grain size of zero-valent iron in which is large because the reduction temperature is always controlled at a higher level to obtain higher production rate.
Spherical Sponge Iron (SSI) with 1~5 mm diameter was prepared through the process of palletizing, roasting and direct reduction by charcoal.
The reduction process has been reported in our previous works [9], and the reduction temperature was selected under T1 and T2.
According to the kinetic experiment datum shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, reaction rate equations of cadmium removal by SSI reduced under T1 and T2 could be calculated and illustrated in Table 1.
When the reduction temperature elevated to T2, pH in solution and cadmium removal tendency was similar as those as the reduction temperature controlled at T1.
Spherical Sponge Iron (SSI) with 1~5 mm diameter was prepared through the process of palletizing, roasting and direct reduction by charcoal.
The reduction process has been reported in our previous works [9], and the reduction temperature was selected under T1 and T2.
According to the kinetic experiment datum shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, reaction rate equations of cadmium removal by SSI reduced under T1 and T2 could be calculated and illustrated in Table 1.
When the reduction temperature elevated to T2, pH in solution and cadmium removal tendency was similar as those as the reduction temperature controlled at T1.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jin Sheng Han, Shu Ping Cong, Hao Ran Liu
The bearing capacity NsT and NbT can be calculated after the strength reduction coefficient at high temperature of the steel tube and steel bar are given.
At the same time, the axial load also affects the reduction coefficient of the bearing capacity of concrete.
The reduction coefficient of the bearing capacity of concrete is deduced based on the data fitting of numerical calculation results, which is as follow
On the contrary, the modification coefficient of slenderness ratio of the column with small diameter can be calculated following the below formula based on the data fitting of numerical calculation results.
Fig.2 Comparison of bearing capacity at high temperature between the calculation and test results Conclusions (1) Simplified calculation method of the bearing capacity of CFT columns subjected to fire at 150min and 180 min is presented to estimate the fire resistance based on lots of numerical simulation results and data fitting
At the same time, the axial load also affects the reduction coefficient of the bearing capacity of concrete.
The reduction coefficient of the bearing capacity of concrete is deduced based on the data fitting of numerical calculation results, which is as follow
On the contrary, the modification coefficient of slenderness ratio of the column with small diameter can be calculated following the below formula based on the data fitting of numerical calculation results.
Fig.2 Comparison of bearing capacity at high temperature between the calculation and test results Conclusions (1) Simplified calculation method of the bearing capacity of CFT columns subjected to fire at 150min and 180 min is presented to estimate the fire resistance based on lots of numerical simulation results and data fitting