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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Lothar Becker
Ground movements, horizontal + vertical
motion components
Skewed
Curvature
Shifts
Changes in length
Reduction
Elongation
Elongation
Reduction
vertical
motion components
horizontal
motion components
mining
seam
part area
full surface
Fracture angle β
Limiting angle γ
Reduction trough
Skewed.
In the opposite case, the pressure leads to a reduction in the area of foundation soil under the building.
Here, the remaining small to large voids are filled by fine material, leading to a volume reduction.
A distinction is made between uniform and non-uniform reductions.
Schematic structure of the building lifting plant load distribution element control box with measuring device tobe lifted part remote control (electrical) hydr. lift double acting pump data cable stack of wood lining plates more –way - ventil load bearing underground lift fugue forerun Design of a the lifting system reverse running System representation computer control Fig. 8.
In the opposite case, the pressure leads to a reduction in the area of foundation soil under the building.
Here, the remaining small to large voids are filled by fine material, leading to a volume reduction.
A distinction is made between uniform and non-uniform reductions.
Schematic structure of the building lifting plant load distribution element control box with measuring device tobe lifted part remote control (electrical) hydr. lift double acting pump data cable stack of wood lining plates more –way - ventil load bearing underground lift fugue forerun Design of a the lifting system reverse running System representation computer control Fig. 8.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Ding Ma, Wen Ying Chen, Li Ning Wang
This paper is organized as follows: section 2 presents a descriptive analysis of the industrial energy consumption and CO2 emissions data.
Analysis of Data 1. 2. 2.1 The Growth of Gross Industrial Output Value (1996 constant price) The Gross industrial output value increased from 6,274 billion yuan in 1996 to 14,600 billion yuan in 2009, with an average annual growth rate of 6.71%.
The data on energy use have been obtained for energy carriers grouped into four categories: solid fuel, liquid fuel, gas fuel and electricity.
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) The decomposition analysis covers the period 1998-2008, the energy and CO2 data sets employed in this study are taken from statistical institute of China.
Most of the sectors mentioned above did not show any significant reduction in energy intensity as such.
Analysis of Data 1. 2. 2.1 The Growth of Gross Industrial Output Value (1996 constant price) The Gross industrial output value increased from 6,274 billion yuan in 1996 to 14,600 billion yuan in 2009, with an average annual growth rate of 6.71%.
The data on energy use have been obtained for energy carriers grouped into four categories: solid fuel, liquid fuel, gas fuel and electricity.
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) The decomposition analysis covers the period 1998-2008, the energy and CO2 data sets employed in this study are taken from statistical institute of China.
Most of the sectors mentioned above did not show any significant reduction in energy intensity as such.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Manuel E. Brito, Teruhisa Horita, Katsuhiko Yamaji, Natsuko Sakai, Harumi Yokokawa, Haruo Kishimoto, Yue Ping Xiong
Oxygen reduction
and fuel oxidation were analyzed by isotope labeling and secondary ion mass spectrometry as well as
conventional electrochemical method.
The widths of active parts of oxygen reduction were about several 100 to some 1000 nm different depending on the cathode materials and reaction mechanism.
Results and Discussion 3.1 Active parts for oxygen reduction around the cathode/electrolyte interfaces The active parts for oxygen reduction (O2+4e →2O 2- ) were examined at the mesh-electrode on YSZ electrolyte [27-29].
In the following, the electrochemical analyses were compared with the observed SIMS data.
The TPB lines are most active parts for oxygen reduction for both samples.
The widths of active parts of oxygen reduction were about several 100 to some 1000 nm different depending on the cathode materials and reaction mechanism.
Results and Discussion 3.1 Active parts for oxygen reduction around the cathode/electrolyte interfaces The active parts for oxygen reduction (O2+4e →2O 2- ) were examined at the mesh-electrode on YSZ electrolyte [27-29].
In the following, the electrochemical analyses were compared with the observed SIMS data.
The TPB lines are most active parts for oxygen reduction for both samples.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Feng Yun Wang, Jun Ling Dou
Empirical analysis
a) Sample data selection
This paper chooses China's total energy consumption (in million of tons of standard coal) and carbon dioxide emissions (in thousand of tons) data from 1978 to 2010 as the sample data.
The raw data of energy consumption is from Year 2010 Edition of China Statistical Yearbook while the 1978-2008 data of CO2 emissions is from the World Bank database2 and the 2008-2010 CO2 emissions from Wikipedia3.
In the simple total average method, all the data of the past are equally used.
The moving average rule does not take into account longer-term data, and the weighted moving average method gives more weight to the near-term data.
This paper finds that the Holt-Winter non-seasonal model better fit the original data by comparison.
The raw data of energy consumption is from Year 2010 Edition of China Statistical Yearbook while the 1978-2008 data of CO2 emissions is from the World Bank database2 and the 2008-2010 CO2 emissions from Wikipedia3.
In the simple total average method, all the data of the past are equally used.
The moving average rule does not take into account longer-term data, and the weighted moving average method gives more weight to the near-term data.
This paper finds that the Holt-Winter non-seasonal model better fit the original data by comparison.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Constantin Pana, Alexandru Cernat, Niculae Negurescu, Zuhair H. Obeid Obeid
The theoretical and experimental investigations show that the improvement of the combustion process by use the bioethanol at the supercharged spark ignition engine leads to the reduction of BSFC (with 5% at the stoichiometric dosage), to the accentuated reduction CO and HC (with 5% and 13% respectively at the same dosage), due to a lower C content and better combustion properties of the bioethanol.
Experimental investigations The experimental investigations were carried on an automotive supercharged SI engine with the 1.5 L displacement mounted on a test bench which was equipped with the next instruments equipments: AVL ALPHA 160 eddy current dynamometer (with throttle actuator), a real time AVL data acquisition system, AVL in-cylinder pressure transducer line, AVL gas analyzer, Khrone Optimass mass flow meter, air flow meter, thermo resistances for engine cooling liquid temperature, engine oil and air intake temperatures and thermocouples for exhaust gas temperature, manometer for air pressure from engine intake manifold.
Regarding the NOX emissions a reduction of 60 %, respectively 85% comparative to gasoline engine is assured at stoichiometric dosage and becomes more significant for reach dosages because of the local cooling effect produced by bioethanol vaporization.
Conclusions From analyse of the theoretical and experimental investigations results can be formulated the following conclusions: At the bioethanol use the engine efficiency and power/torque increase; At the gasoline - bioethanol blends use for supercharge engine the reduction of CO and HC emissions are significant due to much better combustion properties of bioethanol; At the gasoline - bioethanol blends use at supercharged engine the reduction of NOX is more important in the area of l>1.1 dosages were the strategy of engine load qualitative adjustment can be applied; Bioethanol can be defined as an efficient agent for knock avoiding Aknowledgements The authors would like to address special thanks to the AVL GMBH Graz Austria for providing the necessary equipments.
Heywood, Direct Injection Bioethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO2 Emissions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, Cambridge, April 20, (2005)
Experimental investigations The experimental investigations were carried on an automotive supercharged SI engine with the 1.5 L displacement mounted on a test bench which was equipped with the next instruments equipments: AVL ALPHA 160 eddy current dynamometer (with throttle actuator), a real time AVL data acquisition system, AVL in-cylinder pressure transducer line, AVL gas analyzer, Khrone Optimass mass flow meter, air flow meter, thermo resistances for engine cooling liquid temperature, engine oil and air intake temperatures and thermocouples for exhaust gas temperature, manometer for air pressure from engine intake manifold.
Regarding the NOX emissions a reduction of 60 %, respectively 85% comparative to gasoline engine is assured at stoichiometric dosage and becomes more significant for reach dosages because of the local cooling effect produced by bioethanol vaporization.
Conclusions From analyse of the theoretical and experimental investigations results can be formulated the following conclusions: At the bioethanol use the engine efficiency and power/torque increase; At the gasoline - bioethanol blends use for supercharge engine the reduction of CO and HC emissions are significant due to much better combustion properties of bioethanol; At the gasoline - bioethanol blends use at supercharged engine the reduction of NOX is more important in the area of l>1.1 dosages were the strategy of engine load qualitative adjustment can be applied; Bioethanol can be defined as an efficient agent for knock avoiding Aknowledgements The authors would like to address special thanks to the AVL GMBH Graz Austria for providing the necessary equipments.
Heywood, Direct Injection Bioethanol Boosted Gasoline Engines: Biofuel Leveraging For Cost Effective Reduction of Oil Dependence and CO2 Emissions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, Cambridge, April 20, (2005)
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Dong Hua Wang, Xin Fu
The carbothermal reduction of the xerogels produced porous SiC with a surface area of 112 m2 /g.
It can transfer its hydrogen to varieties of metal catalysts that can participate in many reductions [8].
The carbothermal reduction was carried out in a horizontally tubular reactor.
The FTIR datas were collected using a Nicolet 470 FTIR spectrometer operating at a resolution of 4 cm-1.
In other hand, cobalt component in the xerogels also acts as catalyst during the carbothermal reduction.
It can transfer its hydrogen to varieties of metal catalysts that can participate in many reductions [8].
The carbothermal reduction was carried out in a horizontally tubular reactor.
The FTIR datas were collected using a Nicolet 470 FTIR spectrometer operating at a resolution of 4 cm-1.
In other hand, cobalt component in the xerogels also acts as catalyst during the carbothermal reduction.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Hong Bo Xu, Nian Min Yao
If so, the algorithm accesses the coordinates of the point in the data file.
Test data include real data and synthetic data.
The real data in Fig. 4 is the San Francisco road network data, the quantity of the data is 174955.
The synthetic data is generated by the random function, which satisfies the homogeneous distribution of the data, the number of data is from 100000 to 1600000.
The experiment generates 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 dimension data respectively, the data volume of each data file is 500000.
Test data include real data and synthetic data.
The real data in Fig. 4 is the San Francisco road network data, the quantity of the data is 174955.
The synthetic data is generated by the random function, which satisfies the homogeneous distribution of the data, the number of data is from 100000 to 1600000.
The experiment generates 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 dimension data respectively, the data volume of each data file is 500000.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Aruz Petcherdchoo
Based on this extension, the time-dependent risk of rebar corrosion and concrete cracking is defined, and the time-dependent ratio of cumulative cost of silane treatment to benefit (percent reduction of the risk) is calculated.
To compare the cost among different silane treatment strategies, the time-dependent ratio of cumulative cost of silane treatment to the percent reduction of the risk to start rebar corrosion and concrete cracking is calculated, and the best strategy is justified.
Chloride Diffusion Data and Silane Treatment Strategies There are six random variables.
Based on the raw data measured by Yokota and Iwanami [4], this study performs the goodness-of-fit tests and proposes the applicable descriptors for the two random variables as shown in Fig. 1.
The benefit is defined as the percent reduction of the risk to start rebar corrosion and concrete cracking after silane treatment.
To compare the cost among different silane treatment strategies, the time-dependent ratio of cumulative cost of silane treatment to the percent reduction of the risk to start rebar corrosion and concrete cracking is calculated, and the best strategy is justified.
Chloride Diffusion Data and Silane Treatment Strategies There are six random variables.
Based on the raw data measured by Yokota and Iwanami [4], this study performs the goodness-of-fit tests and proposes the applicable descriptors for the two random variables as shown in Fig. 1.
The benefit is defined as the percent reduction of the risk to start rebar corrosion and concrete cracking after silane treatment.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Xing Hai Yang, Shi Yao Cui, Nian Qiang Li, Le Juan Zhang
Also, a new noise reduction based on data visualization technology is proposed.
By observing the change amplitude of heart sound signal and the analog value of the acquired data, the content of noise in heart sound was analyzed.
This is the data necessary in medical examination.
The addition of the device effectively increases the protection of the signal source data.
The experimental data shows that the shunt device can produce the high and low harmonic under the joint action of AC voltage and DC voltage.
By observing the change amplitude of heart sound signal and the analog value of the acquired data, the content of noise in heart sound was analyzed.
This is the data necessary in medical examination.
The addition of the device effectively increases the protection of the signal source data.
The experimental data shows that the shunt device can produce the high and low harmonic under the joint action of AC voltage and DC voltage.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Volodymyr Babizhetskyy, Herwig Michor, Alexander Schumer, Mykola Hembara, Volodymyr Levytskyy, Bogdan Kotur
Crystal structure parameters from XRD powder data of initial ternary compounds CeCoC2, CeNiC2, and their boundary solid solutions.
Inset: Specific heat data of CeCoC2 depicted as C/T versus T2.
(a) Temperature dependent dc magnetic susceptibility, c(T) º M(T)/H, of solid solutions CeCo1–xNixC2 measured at a field of 1 T and (b) the corresponding inverse susceptibility data, 1/c, where the solid line indicates a Curie Weiss fit (see text); data of CeNiC2 are taken from Ref. [6].
Because of some ambiguity of the absolute values of the measured resistivity data due to the presence of small cracks in the investigated samples, these data are presented in Fig. 6 as normalized resistivity data, r(T)/r(300 K).
Acknowledgement We thank Amitava Bhattacharyya for providing susceptibility data of CeNiC2 presented in Ref. [6].
Inset: Specific heat data of CeCoC2 depicted as C/T versus T2.
(a) Temperature dependent dc magnetic susceptibility, c(T) º M(T)/H, of solid solutions CeCo1–xNixC2 measured at a field of 1 T and (b) the corresponding inverse susceptibility data, 1/c, where the solid line indicates a Curie Weiss fit (see text); data of CeNiC2 are taken from Ref. [6].
Because of some ambiguity of the absolute values of the measured resistivity data due to the presence of small cracks in the investigated samples, these data are presented in Fig. 6 as normalized resistivity data, r(T)/r(300 K).
Acknowledgement We thank Amitava Bhattacharyya for providing susceptibility data of CeNiC2 presented in Ref. [6].