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Niinisto, Synthesis and surface engineering of complex nanostructures by atomic layer deposition.
Microelectronic Engineering, 2011. 88(8): p. 2447-2451
Materials Science & Engineering R-Reports, 2010. 70(3-6): p. 354-370
Microelectronic Engineering, 2011. 88(7): p. 1517-1520
Materials Science and Engineering: B, 2004. 108(1-2): p. 33-37

The TiN layers deposited on steel or ceramic sub layers with 1-12μm thickness have a 17 to 30 GPa hardness.
[2] AJA International, Inc., 2011, available at: http://www.ajaint.com, accessed: 14.02.2014
Cornet, Physics and engineered surfaces (in French), E.D.P.
Pakula, Tribological properties of the PVD and CVD coatings deposited on to the nitride tool ceramics, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 175 (2006) 179-185
Mangalarajd, Nanostructured CrN thin films prepared by reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, Materials Science and Engineering.

Laser-based processes such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) are dominating processes while Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) has also been used.
But it is not so successful with ceramics, and plastics have limited applicability in high-strength applications resulting into faster growth of AM of metallic materials.
Significant among them are: Selective Laser Sintering/Melting (SLS/M), Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) and its variants, Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Ultrasonic Consolidation (UC).
Laoui: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture Vol. 46 (2006), p. 1459 [3] G.

Fracture Propagation Pathways Pattern on UV-Irradiated Double-Edge Cracked of Mordenite Zeolite-HDPE Composites Purnomo1,a* and Putu Hadi Setyarini2,b 1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia 2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia apurnomo@unimus.ac.id, bputu_hadi@ub.ac.id *Corresponding author: purnomo@unimus.ac.id Keywords: pathway, fracture, propagation, double-edge-cracked Abstract.
Introduction Polymer materials are widely applied as biomedical materials including prosthetic materials, bone and dental implants, and tissue engineering.
Polymer-based biomaterials provide many advantages compared to ceramics and metals, especially in terms of low prices, ease of production processes in various shape, and the ability to provide mechanical and physical properties as needed.
Setyarini, Atmospheric-pressure annealing effect on the impact fracture toughness of injection-molded zeolite-HDPE composite, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 12 (2018) 556-562 [11] Purnomo, P.H.
Subri, Post-yield fracture behavior of zeolite-reinforced high density polyethylene annealed composite, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 11 (2017) 87-93 [14] A.

They are one of the most common structural materials used in engineering constructions.
Journal of Materials Science.
Chinese Ceramic Society. 2004; 32 (10): 1281-84.
Journal of Materials Science.
Journal of Materials Science.

Preparation of Nano Titanium Dioxide using Industrial Raw Material Peixin Zhang1,2,a , Dongyun Zhang1,b , Qi Qiu2,c , Li Jing2,d , Xiangzhong Ren2,e 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P.R.
China 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R.
Xu: Bulletin of The Chinese Ceramic Society Vol.21 (2002), p. 38-42 [10] L.Y.
Wang: Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities Vol.19 (2005), p. 129-133 [13] Y.F.
Zhao: Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities Vol.20 (2006), p. 138-141 [15] Retuert J, Quijada R, Fuenzalida V M: J.

Ashby, Deformation mechanism maps, the plasticity and creep of metals and ceramics, Pergamon, London, 1982
Xie, Hot deformation behavior and processing map of 30%SiCp/2024A1 composite, Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy. 19 (2014) 1-7
Seshacharyulu, Modelling of hot deformation for microstructural control, International Materials Reviews. 43 (1998) 243-258
Wang, Processing maps of hot plastic deformation for in-situ synthesis of TiB2/6351 composite, Rare Metal Materials and Engineering. 38 (2009) 387-392
Frazier, Effect of prior β-grain size on the hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V: Coarse vs coarser, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 9 (2000) 153-160.

Dispersion and distribution of nano-ceramic particles may be accomplished with mechanical stirring.
Franklin Issac, A Statistical Analysis of Optimization of Wear Behaviour of Al-Al2O3Composites Using Taguchi Technique, Procedia Engineering 64 ( 2013 ) 973 – 982 [8] Lan J., Yang Y., Li X., Microstructure and Microhardness of SiC Nanoparticles Reinforced Magnesium Composites Fabricated by Ultrasonic Method, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 386, (2004) pp. 284-290
“Ultrasonic Cavitation Based Solidification Processing of Bulk Mg Matrix Nanocomposite,“ AFS Transactions, paper #07- 135, (2007) [10] Yang Y., Li X., Ultrasonic Cavitation-Based Nano-manufacturing of Bulk Aluminum Matrix Nano-composites, ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, vol. 129, pp. 252-255, (2007)
Li, Recent Developments on Ultrasonic Cavitation Based Solidification Processing of Bulk Magnesium Nano-composites, International Journal of Metalcasting/Winter 08, (2008) [12] Jin Ho Bang and Kenneth S.
Li, Mechanical properties and microstructure of SiC-reinforced Mg-(2,4)Al-1Si nanocomposites fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation based solidification processing, Materials Science and Engineering A 486 (2008) 357–362 [18] Z.

Research Progress of Manufacturing Technology of Enhanced Heat Transfer Structures Zhan-shu He1,a, Cheng-cheng Liang1,b and Xue-fei Yang2 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China 2School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China ahezhanshu@qq.com, bchengchengzzu@foxmail.com Key words: Heat transfer; Microchannel; Metal foam; Porous metal Abstract.
Nowadays, microchannel can be manufactured on the surface of materials such as metal, silicon, glass and ceramic, etc.
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011, 50(6):869-880 [3] Singh R., Akbarzadeh A., Mochizuki M.: Sintered porous heat sink for cooling of high-powered microprocessors for server applications[J].
International Journal of Heat and Transfer, 2009, 52(9-10): 2289-2299 [4] Banhart J.: Manufacture, characterisation and application of cellular metals and metal foams.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 2007, 462(1-2): 68-75 [6] Jiang B., Zhao N.Q., Shi C.S., Du X.W., Li J.J., Man H.C.: A novel method for making open cell aluminum foams by powder sintering process[J].

Study of the Machining Principle and Influencing of Ultrasonic Lapping on SiC Single Crystal XIAO Qiang1, a 1School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an,710032, China a xiaoqiang@xatu.edu.cn Keywords: ultrasonic lapping; surface roughness; the material removal Abstract.
Acknowledgement The work is sponsored by Supported project of the key discipline construction of Shan’xi Province References [1] CHEN Xiufang, XU Xiangang Surface Treatment of 6H-SiC Substrates , JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS , Vol. 36 No. 5 October, 2007 963-966 [2] LI Xin-he ,Ultrasonic Mechanical Polishing of End Face of Fiber Optic Connector, Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering, Vol.4No.l Mar.2006, 68-74 [3] Li Zhangdong Research on material removal characteristics of Al2O3ceramic by ultrasonic gritting Electromachining & Mould Vol.4 No.3 Mar.2006 41-44 [4] Li Zhangdong SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF Al2O3 CERAMICS AFTER ULTRASONIC-FINISHING, Diamond &Abrasives Engineering, Serial·142-No·4 August·2004 46-49 [5] B.Y.
Wei Study on ultrasonic-assisted lapping of gears International Journal of MachinTools & Manufacture 47 (2007) 2051–2056