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In addition, HPDC is poised for expansion well into the future as a result of the conversion from ferrous castings to light alloy versions through the mass-reduction programs implemented by the automotive industry.
More emissions of CO2 and other GHGs are experienced in aluminium production during the electrolytic reduction of alumina into aluminium (Hall-Heroult process) and, in magnesium production, either in the silicothermal reduction of dolomite (Pidgeon process) considered in this work or the alternative leaching of magnesite (electrolytic process).
Since it was not possible to locate an Australian foundry that produced a similar automotive component using magnesium, typical data for a magnesium plant in the United States (US) were used.
The data used in the present study were derived from previous investigations for both aluminium [3-5] and magnesium [6-8].
Accordingly, it can be seen from Table 6 that yield increase had an overwhelming effect on GHG emissions, whilst QA reject rate reduction was a distant second and cycle time reduction having the least influence.

Finally these data, which will be valuable for drilling companies to strategically allocate limited resources to their safety management plan, can evaluate the expected effectiveness resulting from risk control measures.
It is likely to bring out the reduction of some resources, leading to the shortage of the stuff and abilities in dealing wit the event below.
It can lead to reduction of resources, capacity and motivation in dealing with the situations below. fatigue during the work shift or overtime The reliability of human behavior can be lessened because of fatigue.
The symptom of vigilance reduction, fatigue and impatience can lead to abstraction, hypomnesia and mind-absence, etc.
The first-tier human risk control measures (i.e. strategically safety program, open information communication, and drilling teams safety culture) have risk reduction scores over 2 S/w-h.

The last group of methods, in turn, is subdivided into systems based on data processing arriving from the cooling system and on the systems based on placement of special sensors in the lining.
Therefore, we will further consider a combination of methods of diagnostics leaning against the indications of thermocouples, a heat flux through a cooling system and the acoustic data.
In this case, it is possible to use the data of periodic ultrasonic diagnostics for updating the mathematical model.
The wall thickness is assessed when using the data of acoustic diagnostics.
The mathematical model based on the decision of the Fourier differential equation of thermal conductivity is therefore exposed to periodic updating according to acoustic inspection; this is in addition to the initial data received from a cooling system.

An automatic procedure allows the drawing of the data in files containing numerical input and experimental data.
It also analyzes the obtained data comparing graphs in terms of fluid pressure, punch stroke and force for each actuator [5]. 2.
For experimental data an ultrasonic thickness detector has been used.
Fig. 10 reports the areas where numerical and experimental data has been measured.
As it can be appreciated, thanks to the reported data, there is a good agreement between numerical and experimental values with a discordance of about 1 %.

It is important to ensure the quality of emissions data In ETS, MRV is one of the key elements.
Schakenbach (2006) analyzed the Acid Rain program in USA, and descripting several fundamental MRV elements: compliance assurance through incentives and automatic penalties; strong quality assurance; collaborative approach with a petition process; standardized electronic reporting; compliance flexibility for low-emitting sources; complete emissions data record required; centralized administration; level playing field; publicly available data; performance-based approach; and reducing conflicts of interest[3].
The reporting format include the description of corporation, instruction of the equipment, monitoring methodologies, the data of fuel consumption, emissions, the supervisor of the monitoring, etc..
It can utilize the existing law, and can achieve actual reduction
Second, the choice of the monitoring methodologies should consider: cost, technology and the accuracy of monitoring data.

In preliminary ultrasonic-assisted compression tests with a S235JR steel a force reduction of up to 63 % was measured.
A multitude of different reasons for the flow stress reduction have been discussed in the literature.
Further reductions, which appeared for continuous ultrasonic excitation, were attributed to thermal effects.
They were able to reproduce the experimental data by softening the material properties and adjusting the coefficient of friction in the FE model.
This generates large data volumes for each signal, which have to be transmitted and recorded accordingly.

In the stage, the reduction amount is a constant.
The rolling force decreases with the decrease of the reduction amount.
The figure was drawn according to the post-processing data of the deform simulation.
The radial rolling force is the key data for selecting the thread rolling machine.
The torque is another key data for design of the thread rolling machine.

The result shows that good ventilation and temperature reduction are essential for a comfortable living condition because of the hot summer in Nanning.
During temperature reduction, air blows indoor through the conduits and soil becomes heat reservoir to reduce air temperature. the conduits should be buried deeper so as to make complete use of stable subsoil temperature, which is the lowest temperature in summer.
The formulas are as follows: Ac-The heat exchange coefficient w／（m2﹒K) based on the data Ac=5w／（m2﹒K) S- The length of the pipeline（m）is 5 meter.
During the operation period, the system contributes to 11028RMB of CO2 emission reduction, and 2019.52RMB of SO2 emission reduction, 681.2RMB of dust emission reduction.
[5] Architectural design data collection editorial board, Architectural design data collection, D.

The hot bands were initially hot rolled from continuous casting medium-thin slabs with 135mm thickness and were subjected to total cold rolling reduction of 75% in Jinan Iron and Steel Co.
The EBSD data were obtained by a SUPRAtm 55 EBSD system link with a LEO-1450 scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Figure 2 shows the changes of the RD∥<110> and ND∥{111} fibers during the recrystallization of IF steel with total cold rolled reduction to 75%.
In addition, according to data statistics based on EBSD technique, the percentage of the recrystallized grains corresponding to the {111} transformation texture（83%）, whose misorientation angles with deformed grains exceed 15°, was greater than that of grains belong to {110} and {100} texture（12% and 5%）.
Data of stored energy was obtained mainly from the measurement of the broadening of the X-ray diffraction lines and is summarized below: E{110}>E{111}>E{211}>E{100} (1) Figure 5 shows origin of {110} and {111} recrystallized grains from deformed grain by EBSD analysis.

They do not however report bulk lifetime data, nor do they investigate different parts of the ingot in detail.
They report limited lifetime data, which perhaps indicate a small improvement upon annealing at 400 °C.
The situation for bottom wafers annealed at 500 °C is less clear-cut, and more data are required.
Data in Fig. 4 demonstrate that the lifetime reductions did not generally correlate with changes in bulk iron concentration, so we attribute the lifetime change to formation of another recombination centre.
Liu and Macdonald suggest the hydrogenation level affects the decay rate of bulk iron, and our bulk iron decay data at 400 °C are much more similar to theirs with SiO2 passivation (very low hydrogen) than the Al2O3 passivation data (moderate hydrogen) and silicon nitride data of Krain et al.