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Online since: November 2012
Authors: Li Zhang, Yan Miao Ma
The natural frequency and damping coefficient of it are obtained and compared with that of the semi-metallic brake pads, the excellent performance of the new composite brake pads is verified and it provides a new way for the noise reduction.
1.
Therefore, ANSYS modal analysis results are consistent with the theoretical ones. 3.Modal test 3.1 Test principle Modal testing system is mainly made of three parts: the excitation system, the signal pickup system, and data acquisition and processing system, which is shown as Fig.8.
Finally, modal identification is conducted on the measured data and the first 10 modes of each group of signals are identified. 3.3 Results and discussion 1) Comparative analysis of the natural frequency The first 9 natural frequencies of different materials are obtained, which are shown in tab.5.
However, the damping coefficient of the new composite material is much larger than that of the semi-metallic material, which proves that the new composite material is in better noise and vibration reduction performance. 4.
Given the above, compared with the semi-metallic material, the new composite material is in better noise and vibration reduction performance.
Therefore, ANSYS modal analysis results are consistent with the theoretical ones. 3.Modal test 3.1 Test principle Modal testing system is mainly made of three parts: the excitation system, the signal pickup system, and data acquisition and processing system, which is shown as Fig.8.
Finally, modal identification is conducted on the measured data and the first 10 modes of each group of signals are identified. 3.3 Results and discussion 1) Comparative analysis of the natural frequency The first 9 natural frequencies of different materials are obtained, which are shown in tab.5.
However, the damping coefficient of the new composite material is much larger than that of the semi-metallic material, which proves that the new composite material is in better noise and vibration reduction performance. 4.
Given the above, compared with the semi-metallic material, the new composite material is in better noise and vibration reduction performance.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Ying Chuan Zhao
Forty evaluation indexes are storage and mining ratio, transport capacity, impact factor of change suddenly, fluctuation rate of price, SO reduction rate and so on.
demand ratio Energy supply and demand ratio Supply and demand ratio Supply and demand ratio Growth rate of consumption Storage and mining ratio Stocks Storage time Balance degree of regional supply and demand Energy self-sufficiency rate Resource rating Dependence degree of import Growth rate of Per capita electricity consumption Growth rate of energy consumption Balance degree of regional supply and demand Balance degree of supply and demand Transportation Transport capacity Safe degree of import transport Grid transmission capacity Safe degree of energy transport The affect of change suddenly Impact factor of change suddenly Impact factor of change suddenly Impact factor of negative charge Impact factor of energy change suddenly Economic security Fluctuation rate of price Fluctuation rate of price Fluctuation rate of price Elastic coefficient of energy consumption Foreign exchange reserve Technology energy-saving rate Growth rate of renewable energy Ecological environment SO reduction
rate SO reduction rate SO reduction rate Environmental carrying capacity CO emission growth rate CO emission growth rate The degree of environmental pollution Conclusion The evaluation of energy security is a comprehensive, complex and multidisciplinary problem, so, it is a vast project to structure the evaluation index system of energy security.
This process will need not only a large number of fundamental data, but also model prediction and system simulation to process the data, so that the accuracy and authority of the system will be ensured, this is also the next step we will work mainly.
demand ratio Energy supply and demand ratio Supply and demand ratio Supply and demand ratio Growth rate of consumption Storage and mining ratio Stocks Storage time Balance degree of regional supply and demand Energy self-sufficiency rate Resource rating Dependence degree of import Growth rate of Per capita electricity consumption Growth rate of energy consumption Balance degree of regional supply and demand Balance degree of supply and demand Transportation Transport capacity Safe degree of import transport Grid transmission capacity Safe degree of energy transport The affect of change suddenly Impact factor of change suddenly Impact factor of change suddenly Impact factor of negative charge Impact factor of energy change suddenly Economic security Fluctuation rate of price Fluctuation rate of price Fluctuation rate of price Elastic coefficient of energy consumption Foreign exchange reserve Technology energy-saving rate Growth rate of renewable energy Ecological environment SO reduction
rate SO reduction rate SO reduction rate Environmental carrying capacity CO emission growth rate CO emission growth rate The degree of environmental pollution Conclusion The evaluation of energy security is a comprehensive, complex and multidisciplinary problem, so, it is a vast project to structure the evaluation index system of energy security.
This process will need not only a large number of fundamental data, but also model prediction and system simulation to process the data, so that the accuracy and authority of the system will be ensured, this is also the next step we will work mainly.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Fu Jia Yu, Shan Cai, Shan Zhi Deng, Roger Horn, Ze Hong Wang
(2) Reduction of particle agglomeration and improved dispersion
For this reason the mica was placed in the moveable mount so that the wedge could be moved into the cleaved mica and out again while taking data and keeping the position of the edge of the wedge fixed.
Keeping the edge of the wedge fixed made recording the data easier as the crack length is measured from this edge of the wedge.
The fracture energy of mica in water is about half of what it is in air (the experimental data were not list in this paper), which is the reason that grinding in water is advantageous over dry grinding in tumbling ball mills.
The data show that the mica can be broken easily at this concentration level at acidic pH values than at natural (pH 8.10) or alkaline pH values.
For this reason the mica was placed in the moveable mount so that the wedge could be moved into the cleaved mica and out again while taking data and keeping the position of the edge of the wedge fixed.
Keeping the edge of the wedge fixed made recording the data easier as the crack length is measured from this edge of the wedge.
The fracture energy of mica in water is about half of what it is in air (the experimental data were not list in this paper), which is the reason that grinding in water is advantageous over dry grinding in tumbling ball mills.
The data show that the mica can be broken easily at this concentration level at acidic pH values than at natural (pH 8.10) or alkaline pH values.
Online since: July 2003
Authors: J.S. Owen, N. Haritos
In these
methods, the vibration data are first pre-processed to obtain a reduced feature vector that contains
the key characteristics of the original data.
Both techniques show that the spectral data for the repaired bridges are significantly different from the data for the undamaged structures, which is expected given the nature of the repair.
incoherent frequency shift The same ANN as used on the experimental data was also used to classify the simulated data, although it was retrained using a subset of the simulated data for the undamaged and fully damaged cases.
As in the experimental data there was no confusion when the ANN was used to classify test data from these two extremes.
The problem of identifying data sets that differ significantly from an original undamaged data set, the novelty detection problem, requires a different approach to training the ANN (unsupervised learning) and these methods are currently being applied to the data sets to achieve this.
Both techniques show that the spectral data for the repaired bridges are significantly different from the data for the undamaged structures, which is expected given the nature of the repair.
incoherent frequency shift The same ANN as used on the experimental data was also used to classify the simulated data, although it was retrained using a subset of the simulated data for the undamaged and fully damaged cases.
As in the experimental data there was no confusion when the ANN was used to classify test data from these two extremes.
The problem of identifying data sets that differ significantly from an original undamaged data set, the novelty detection problem, requires a different approach to training the ANN (unsupervised learning) and these methods are currently being applied to the data sets to achieve this.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Rui Hua Hu, Shuai Zheng, Chuan Lin Zheng, Ai Ju Jiang, Zhi Guo Ma
Energy requirement (Data source [6][8]) Figure 2.
Table 1 Weight Reduction with natural fiber composites(Data source[12]) Component Auto side panel[9] Auto insulation panel[7] Transport pallet[6] materials ABS Hemp/epoxy Glass fiber Hemp-pp Glass fiber China reed-PP Weight (g ) 1125 820 3500 2600 15000 11770 Weight reduction (%) 27 26 22 Table 2.
The weight reduction ranges from 20-30%.
Natural fiber reinforced composites for automobile(Data source[25,26]) Products Main applications Developers Main users Jute/PP Car interior components, noise absorption panel, NVH/Acoustic absorption materials.
As reported in reference [22], the author gives the thermal conductivity data of some kinds of NFRP.
Table 1 Weight Reduction with natural fiber composites(Data source[12]) Component Auto side panel[9] Auto insulation panel[7] Transport pallet[6] materials ABS Hemp/epoxy Glass fiber Hemp-pp Glass fiber China reed-PP Weight (g ) 1125 820 3500 2600 15000 11770 Weight reduction (%) 27 26 22 Table 2.
The weight reduction ranges from 20-30%.
Natural fiber reinforced composites for automobile(Data source[25,26]) Products Main applications Developers Main users Jute/PP Car interior components, noise absorption panel, NVH/Acoustic absorption materials.
As reported in reference [22], the author gives the thermal conductivity data of some kinds of NFRP.
Online since: April 2009
Authors: V.A. Kulbachinskii, L. Shchurova
The negative magnetoresistance are explained as the reduction of spin-flip scattering by aligning
spins of the magnetic field.
The concentration of the holes created by carbon was determined from this frequency to be 3.4×10 11 cm-2, which agrees with the Hall effect data [1].
Our calculations of dependence R(T) for a system with ferromagnetic transition confirm experimental data with non-monotonous temperature dependence (see fig. 3).
The increase in polarization leads to linear reduction of magnetoresistance on H.
The results of our calculations using g=0.45 [7] quantitatively agree with the experimental data and are shown in Fig 4.
The concentration of the holes created by carbon was determined from this frequency to be 3.4×10 11 cm-2, which agrees with the Hall effect data [1].
Our calculations of dependence R(T) for a system with ferromagnetic transition confirm experimental data with non-monotonous temperature dependence (see fig. 3).
The increase in polarization leads to linear reduction of magnetoresistance on H.
The results of our calculations using g=0.45 [7] quantitatively agree with the experimental data and are shown in Fig 4.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Hong Bo Ren, Qiong Wu, Jian Xing Ren, Wei Jun Gao
Numerical Study
As one of the most important input data for the analysis of distributed energy system, the technical information for both electricity and heat generation are assumed according to the investigation on previous studies, and is shown in Table 1 [4-5].
The emissions reduction cost increases from 2.3 Yen/kg-CO2 to 5.8 Yen/kg-CO2, when the CO2 emissions are reduced to half of current value.
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of reduction cost, unless the CO2 emissions are reduced to less than about 35% of current value, the system has a negative reduction cost.
However, as the total emissions are reduced by a half, the reduction cost increases to as high as 8 Yen/kg-CO2.
In addition, natural gas shares a small part of the total energy consumption as the reduction ratio is over 30%.
The emissions reduction cost increases from 2.3 Yen/kg-CO2 to 5.8 Yen/kg-CO2, when the CO2 emissions are reduced to half of current value.
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of reduction cost, unless the CO2 emissions are reduced to less than about 35% of current value, the system has a negative reduction cost.
However, as the total emissions are reduced by a half, the reduction cost increases to as high as 8 Yen/kg-CO2.
In addition, natural gas shares a small part of the total energy consumption as the reduction ratio is over 30%.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Zheng Huan Hu, Bao Yu Wang, Tao He
Then, the real-time data is input to the computer by AD card (Fig. 4).
4.Results and dicussion
In order to establish equation of instantaneous speed ratio, a multi-condition simulation has been used according to detailed description by table 1.
The standardized regression coefficient of Forming angle, Spreading angle, Diameter of workpiece, void and reduction is 0.105, -0.184, -0.931, -0.144, -0.015.
So, the equation of knifing and stretching stage is: Where y is the instantaneous speed ratio, x1 is forming angle, x3 is diameter of workpiece, x4 is void x5 is reduction andεis constant.
The standardized regression coefficient of Forming angle, diameter of workpiece, void and reduction is -0.013, -0.877, -0.300, 0.267.
This shows that the diameter of workpiece significantly affect the instantaneous speed ratio, followed by the void and reduction.
The standardized regression coefficient of Forming angle, Spreading angle, Diameter of workpiece, void and reduction is 0.105, -0.184, -0.931, -0.144, -0.015.
So, the equation of knifing and stretching stage is: Where y is the instantaneous speed ratio, x1 is forming angle, x3 is diameter of workpiece, x4 is void x5 is reduction andεis constant.
The standardized regression coefficient of Forming angle, diameter of workpiece, void and reduction is -0.013, -0.877, -0.300, 0.267.
This shows that the diameter of workpiece significantly affect the instantaneous speed ratio, followed by the void and reduction.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Lothar Becker
Ground movements, horizontal + vertical
motion components
Skewed
Curvature
Shifts
Changes in length
Reduction
Elongation
Elongation
Reduction
vertical
motion components
horizontal
motion components
mining
seam
part area
full surface
Fracture angle β
Limiting angle γ
Reduction trough
Skewed.
In the opposite case, the pressure leads to a reduction in the area of foundation soil under the building.
Here, the remaining small to large voids are filled by fine material, leading to a volume reduction.
A distinction is made between uniform and non-uniform reductions.
Schematic structure of the building lifting plant load distribution element control box with measuring device tobe lifted part remote control (electrical) hydr. lift double acting pump data cable stack of wood lining plates more –way - ventil load bearing underground lift fugue forerun Design of a the lifting system reverse running System representation computer control Fig. 8.
In the opposite case, the pressure leads to a reduction in the area of foundation soil under the building.
Here, the remaining small to large voids are filled by fine material, leading to a volume reduction.
A distinction is made between uniform and non-uniform reductions.
Schematic structure of the building lifting plant load distribution element control box with measuring device tobe lifted part remote control (electrical) hydr. lift double acting pump data cable stack of wood lining plates more –way - ventil load bearing underground lift fugue forerun Design of a the lifting system reverse running System representation computer control Fig. 8.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Hua Shi, Ya Xiang Bai, Ya Xin Yang
At the same time, the drying rate and moisture content data were performed using linear and non-linear regression analysis to estimate a suitable model.
Therefore, the sludge incineration is the most effective way for harmlessness and reduction disposal.
Reduction of energy usage in drying of sludge is a major concern among environmentalists in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Drying patterns for EHD, hot air and ambient air drying of sludge The EHD experimental data of moisture content obtained at different time were predicted by were predicted by linear and non-linear regression analysis using SPSS computer program, the following exponential equation was found to express the drying rate: (1) where y is the moisture content of sludge in %, t is the drying time in h.
The drying curves of sludge treated by EHD with different voltage values The experimental data of drying rate obtained at different drying voltage were performed for all five drying models, and, the drying constants and the values of R, R2 and S were given in Table 2.
Therefore, the sludge incineration is the most effective way for harmlessness and reduction disposal.
Reduction of energy usage in drying of sludge is a major concern among environmentalists in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Drying patterns for EHD, hot air and ambient air drying of sludge The EHD experimental data of moisture content obtained at different time were predicted by were predicted by linear and non-linear regression analysis using SPSS computer program, the following exponential equation was found to express the drying rate: (1) where y is the moisture content of sludge in %, t is the drying time in h.
The drying curves of sludge treated by EHD with different voltage values The experimental data of drying rate obtained at different drying voltage were performed for all five drying models, and, the drying constants and the values of R, R2 and S were given in Table 2.