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The rare-earth ions like Pr3+, Nd3+ and Gd3+ doped in LiZnO, reported by Tu et al., show attractive long-lasting characteristics as they possess larger values of defect density [23].
The amount of urea required to burn the nitrates was taken from the method described in the paper authored by Patil et.al [28,29].
The TL study of YAG, doped with rare earth is made by You et al. [34], the study claims the TL glow peak at 140° C.
El. 29, 3146 (2017)

Liu et al have also discussed that nanoparticle size also depends on the molecular weight (MW) of the PEG [21].
This figure is in general agreement with Lui et al, who reported that ~300 molecules of 5000 MW PEG rendered gold nanoparticles (21.8 nm) stable in 1M NaCl.
El-Sayed, M.A.
El-Sayed: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 (2006) 7238-7248
El-Sayed: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 103 (1999) 4212-4217

Ren, et al.'
Al-Rashidy, M.
El-Fattah, A.
El Saeed, and R.
El-Ghazawy, Chemical interaction of different sized fumed silica with epoxy via ultrasonication for improved coating, Prog.

Chamkha4,c 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University M’Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, 35000, Algeria 2Coating, Materials & Environment Laboratory, M’Hamed Bougara Boumerdes, 35000, Algeria 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi of Bordj Bou Arréridj, El-Anasser, 34030, Algeria 4Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Doha District, Kuwait a,*m.benkhedda@univ-boumerdes.dz, btahartayebi@gmail.com, ca.chamkha@kcst.edu.kw Keywords: Annulus; Laminar flow; Nanofluid; mixed convection; Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC).
Model A for TiO2/water nanofluid and Model C for CuO/water nanofluid, and two other experimental models based on the correlation of Pak and Cho [41] for TiO2/water nanofluid (Model B) and Lee et al. [42] with Nguyen et al. [43] for CuO/water nanofluid (Model D).
Same experimental and numerical results were reported by Ben Mansour et al. [47, 48].
These results are consistent with those Izadi et al [33].
Al-Ansari, An updated review of nanofluids in various heat transfer devices.

For example, Kulovits et al. [7] and Zabev et al. [8] cold rolled nanocrystalline nickel with grain sizes of 40 and 30 nm, respectively, up to 80% strain and found no major change in the hardness of the materials.
In contrast, Wu et al. [9] reported significant strain hardening capacity on the basis of relatively large yield strength increases for cryogenically deformed nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposits with a grain size of 20 nm.
Brooks et al. [10] have recently shown that for many electrodeposited materials, including nickel, such a relationship between hardness and yield strength is generally not applicable.
Meyers et al. pointed out that with the reduction in grain size, the mean free path of dislocations decreases.
El-Sherik, U.

El-Khamhawy, and D. von der Lindeet, Multiphoton ionization in dielectrics: comparison of circular and linear polarization, Physical review letters. 97 (2006) 237403
Bulgakova, et. al., Ultrashort pulse laser ablation of dielectrics: Thresholds, mechanisms, role of breakdown, Scientific reports. 6 (2016) 39133
Bulgakova, et al., Modification of transparent materials with ultrashort laser pulses: What is energetically and mechanically meaningful?
Anderson, et. al., Glass: A new media for a new era?
Chernikov, et al., Fiber Bragg grating fabrication by femtosecond laser radiation, EPJ Web of Conferences. 220 (2019) 03007.

A popular but not perfect tool for rock-soil mass characterization is the geological strength index (GSI) (Marinos el al 2005).
Engineers have found this procedure very useful, particularly because of its connection with the Hoek-Brown failure criterion (Marinos et al. 2005, Hoek et al. 2002) that allows strength characterization of the rock-soil mass.
Fang et.al.
Atsushi et.al., Chinese journal of rock mechanics and engineering, Vol.26(11) (2007)p.2296

., Matsumoto,H, et al., Jpn.J.Appl.
Ikeda et al., “High-resolution 12.9-in multicolor TFT-LCD for EWS,” in SID Int.
Yamano et al., “A-Si TFT active-matrix full color LC TV,” in Proc.
Hotta et al., “Full-color multi-gap LC-TV display panel addressed by a-Si TFTs,” in SID Int.
Unagami., “EL Characteristics of a TFEL/TFT StackedStructureDisplay Device Driven by a HV-Si TFT Circuit,” IEEE transaction on electron devices, vol. 47, NO. 9, Sep 2000

Elemental analyses (C, H and N) were performed on a Vario EL III analyzer.
P, Xie G, et al: Struc.
Q, et al: J.
H, et al: J.
W, et al: Eur.

Bissasco et al. [5] analysed influence of different tool types and diameter on surface roughness, in micro-milling of martensitic stainless steel, with a hardness of 58 HRC.
Klocke et al. [8] analysed process performance in micromachining of hardened steel X38CrMoV5 with CBN flat micro-mill with diameter 500 μm.
Afazov et al. [9] investigated cutting forces in micro milling of AISI H13 steel, hardened between 35 and 60 HRC.
Dow et al. [10] used a force model and tool stiffness to improved accuracy in milling of S-7 hardened tool steel (55 HRc) with 800 μm extra long ball end mills.
Dow, E.L.