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Among these methods, semi-solid isothermal heat treatment is a new way being first found by Bergsma et al [3-4] in the middle 1990s, which omits the special procedure to fabricate the semi-solid billet but achieves a semi-solid nondendritic microstructure during heating prior to thixoforming.
Experimental procedure The ZA84 (Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn) alloy was prepared by mixing the following materials: commercially AM60 alloy, pure Mg, Al, and Zn ( >99.9wt%).
The actual composition of alloy inspected by ICP was given as following (wt%): 87.94 Mg, 7.9 Zn, 3.91 Al and 0.25 Mn.
In addition, if the direct current was imposed to a solid-liquid coexisted semi-solid alloy, it would result in the Joule thermal effect and Peltier effect at the solid/liquid interface due to the different resistivities and conductivities of liquid and solid phases. 10-11 According to the research results obtained by Zhou et al [13-14], the two effects caused by direct current will promote remelting and spheroidizing of dendrites in the semi-solid isothernal heat-treated alloys, consequently the non-dendritic structure evolution is accelerated.
Du and E.L.

Study of the Interaction of Shock Wave / Laminar Boundary Layer Hamza Gouidmi1, Abdelhadi Beghidja1, Mohamadi Said2, Razik Benderradji1 1Laboratory of applied energy and pollution (LEAP), The University of Mentouri – Constantine, Algeria 2Institut de Physique, USTHB, B.P.32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie 1gouidmi@yahoo.fr, 3abeghidja1@yahoo.fr, mohamadi_said@yahoo.fr, 4razik2n@yahoo.fr Keywords: Shock wave, interaction of shock wave / boundary layer, the unsteadiness of laminar boundary layer, bulb separation.
Robinet et al in 2003 [2] and C.
Tenaud et al in 2003 [3], who used a shock tube.
And for the cases where the flow is hypersonic we cite the studies conducted by Ludovic Vandomme [4], Gustavo and al [5], Marco Marini [6], are worked on a compression ramp; he found nearly the same results.
For example Ludovic Vandomme [4], Gustavo and al [5], Marco Marini [6] worked on a compression ramp; he found nearly the same results.

Zhao, et al: Electroplating and Finishing Vol.21 (2002), p.17-21
Boulanger, et al: Electrochimica Acta Vol.52 (2007), p.3053-3060
El-Sherik, U.
Aust,et al: Materials Letters Vol.52 (2002), p. 85-90
Srinivasan, T.Vasudevan, et al: Electroplating and Finishing Vol.26 (2007), p.1-6

Errol L.at.al study single-tiered relay node placement and two-tiered relay node placement, and presents a polynomial time-7approximation algorithm and a polynomial time-approximation algorithm, respectively.
For single-tiered constrained relay node placement, S.Misra.et.al propose a polynomial time approximation algorithm with O(1)approximation ratios[5],and the research team also propose polynomial time O(1)-1approximation algorithm in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks[6].
Aiming at minimum the network cost with constrains of lifetime and connectivity, Wang.et.al propose a heuristic algorithm based on a two-phase placement framework [8], Sinem.et al present an approximation algorithm, in which relay node placement problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem[9].
[4] E.L.

Characterization X-ray energy dispersion spectrophotometer (EDX): The elemental analysis of the Si, Al, Ni, Ti, Fe, S, Ca, Zr elements that can be presented in the catalyst was performed by the X-ray energy dispersion spectrophotometer using an EDX-700 Shimadzu equipment.
Samples Si Al Pt Ni Ru NH4ZSM-5 44.69 1.91 - - - Ni/ZSM-5 44.87 1.95 - 0.08 - Pt/ZSM-5 44.89 1.71 0.30 - - Ru/ZSM-5 44.59 2.02 - - - According to the results presented in Table 1, we observed that all samples had a high percentage of silicon oxide SiO2, and a low percentage of aluminum oxide Al2O3 in the zeolite structure, which gives them a reason for high Si/Al characteristic of MFI structure.
The results of the chemical analysis in the form of chemical elements presented in Table 2, indicated high values for all Si/Al samples, offering an important feature of the acidic zeolitic supports.
[12] E.L.

Khor’kov, Influence of Mechanical Activation Mode on Morphology and Phase Composition of Al-2Mg-nC Nanostructured Composite Material, Nanotechnologies in Russia 11 (2016) 297–304
Sytschev, Morphology, granulometric and structural phase composition of mechanically synthesized composite powder Al-Mg+Al/MWCNTs, J.
Babin, Effect of the Thermomechanical Treatment Conditions on the Consolidation, the Structure, and the Mechanical Properties of Bulk Al–Mg–C Nanocomposites, Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2018 (2018) 625–632
Dave, E.L.

DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined according to the method of Wu et al [6].
Reducing power activity was determined according to the method of Ahmadi et al [7].One milliliter of each sample was mixed with 2.0 mL phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 2.0 mL potassium ferrocyanate (1%, w/v).
Lipid peroxidation inhibition activity was determined according to the method of You et al [8].
Similarly, Deng et al also found that the protein hydrolysates binded with ferrous ions could enhance the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates in the linoleic acid system [10].
El-Sayed: Tilapia Culture (CABI publishing, UK 2006)

The base recrystallization model for AA6XXX aluminum alloys, which enabled the prediction of statically and dynamically recrystallized grain size and recrystallization thickness during hot forming procedures, was built on the work of Negozio et al. [8].
Experimental Investigation The grain size data used for the calibration of the AA6063 recrystallization model was taken from the extrusion of a hollow profile analysed in Gamberoni et al. [9].
Parameters AA6063 A 1014.7 [MPa] m1 -0.00438 [K-1] m2 0.2425 m3 -0.0965 m4 -0.000438 m5 -0.000766 [K-1] m7 0.0939 m8 0.000291 [K-1] m9 0 Modeling and Simulation The recrystallization model used in the simulation was taken by the work of Negozio et al. [8].
Given the substantial influence of numerous process and metallurgical factors on the final grain size, as well as the complexity of the extruded geometries and the limitations associated with the chosen measurement methodology [10] for experimental grain dimension analysis, the ± 25% error range, which was similarly adopted by Donati L. et al. in [10], is regarded as indicative of good prediction accuracy.
El Mehtedi, L.

In fact, It has been demonstrated that the structural descriptors derived from the molecular surface electrostatic potentials, which were put forward originally by Murray et al. [10] and developed in our group [11], not only have definite physical meaning and good repeatability, but also have general applicability in research of the quantitative structure-property prediction of organic pollutants [12,13].
Plot of observed versus predicted logKSC by Equation (3) for the calibration and test sets Zhang et al.[8] has established their good models by partial least squares (PLS) regression, which one of these models has high R and Qcum value (R = 0.966, Qcum = 0.919) with using all 25 investigated POPs.
El-Shahawi, A.
Al-Saggaf: Talanta Vol. 80 (2010), p. 1587
Schlegel, et al: Gaussian 98 (RevisionA.9): Gaussian, Inc.

These materials were first functionalized by covalent grafting with a cyclo-RGD peptide (cyclo-DfKRG) (Biomet-Merck Biomaterials, Darmstadt, Germany) according to Porte-Durrieu et al. [9].
For all these reasons Chappard and al. [18] consider µCT as the alternative.
The edge effect was threshold according to Van Lenthe et al [14].
In a similar comparative study of the two techniques on bone structure without biomaterials, Müller and al. found a very high correlation degree [19].
Vol. 420 (1992), p. 17 [14] H Van Lenthe, H Hagenmüller, M Bohner: Biomaterials Vol. 28 (2007), p. 2479-2490 [15] L Pothuaud, JC Fricain, S Pallu: Biomaterials Vol. 26 (2005), p. 6788-6797 [16] EL Hedberg, HC Kroese-Deutman, CK Shih: Tissue Engineering Vol. 11 (2005), p. 1356-1367 [17] O Gauthier, R Müller, D Von Stechow: Biomaterials Vol. 26 (2005), p. 5444-5453 [18] C Chappard, B Brunet-Imbault, CL Benhamou-Erit: Synoviale Vol. 118 (2002) [19] R Müller, H Van Campenhout, B Van Damme: Bone Vol. 23 (1998), p. 59-66 [20] Y Germanier, S Tosatti, N Broggini: Clin.