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[14] Aziz A, Mehboob SS, Tayyab A, Khan D, Hayyat K, Ali A, et al.
[21] Huang Y, Sun H, Liu W, Zhao H, Dong D, Zhao P, et al.
[22] EL Asri Y, Benaicha M, Zaher M, Hafidi Alaoui A.
[24] El Marzak M, Ben Aicha M, Lamrani B, Alaoui AH.
[25] EL MARZAK M, KARIM SERROUKH H, BENAICHA M, HAFIDI ALAOUI A, BURTSCHELL Y.

They are a chain structure formed on a back bone of aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si) ions and a member of the family of inorganic polymers.
Kasama et al. [33] quoted that several research also proved that in a wide range of cement content, 30% gave the higher value of unconfined compressive strength.
Kolias et al. [37] quoted that the higher amount of fly ash used increase the unconfined compressive strength of the soil.
[29] Mustafa Al Bakri, A.M., Kamarudin, H., Bnhussain, M., Khairul Nizar, I., Rafiza A.R., Zarina, Y.: Rev.
Sci. 30, 90, (2012) [30] Zhang, M., Guo, H., El-Korchi, T., Zhang, G. and Tao, M., Construction and Building Materials 47, 1468, (2013)

Boisson-Vidal, et al, “Biological activities of polysaccharides from marine algae,” Drug Future, vol. 20, pp. 1237-1249, 1995
Zhang, et al, “In vivo antioxidant activity of polysaccharide fraction from Porphyra haitanesis (Rhodephyta) in aging mice,” Pharmacol Res, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 151-155, 2003
Farias, et al, “Structure and anticoagulant activity of sulfated galactans.
Ye, et al, “Extraction and Separation of Polysaccharide,” Guangzhou Food Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 114-115, 2004.
An, el at.

Smaga et al [9] found that feed rate is the most important factor which affects the surface roughness of the hole as well as fatigue life.
Lincoln et al conducted experiments in steel using HSS tool to drill the hole at flooded, MQL & dry lubrication levels which proved lubrication affects the hole quality [10].
Bhattacharayya, A study on machinability of Al/SiC-MMC, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 140, pp.711–716, 2003
O’Reilly, D.R.P.Toplin, The turning of an Al/SiC metal matrix composite, J.
[5] Sonbaty El, Khashaba U.A, Machaly T, Factors affecting the machinability of GFR/epoxy composites, Comp Structures, 63, pp.329-338,2004

Reddy, Development in the processing and properties of particulate Al-Si Composites, J.
Abdulwahed, Some mechanical properties of metal-nonmetal Al-SiO2 particulate Composites, J.
[11] Pio, L.Y., Sulaiman, S., Hamouda, A.M. and Ahmad, M.M.H.M, Grain refinement of LM6 Al-Si alloy sand castings to enhance mechanical properties.
[13] El-Amoush, A.S., Effect of aluminium content on mechanical properties of hydrogenated Mg- Al magnesium alloys.

) [4] Trunov,M.L. et al.
[5] Kalman,E. et al.
[9] Csanady,A. et al.
Characterization and comparison of rapidly solidified Al particles, mechanically milled nanostructures and their consolidated structures made by high energy rate forming (HERF) technique.
Surface & Interface Analysis 40 , 875-880 (2008) [12] Berke,P., Houdaigui,F.El. & Massart,T.J.

A typical removal yield for Al, for example, is in the range of 0.3 µm3/nC.
Buseck, et al., Magnetite morphology and life on Mars, PNAS, November 20, vol. 98, no. 24, pp. 13490-13495, 2001.
Available on-line at: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/24/13490 [2] Søren Schmidt, et al., In-situ measurements of nuclei within the bulk of deformed Al…, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 467-470, pp. 189-192, 2004
El-Dasher, B.L.

EDS analysis showed that three types of oxides formed on the surface of the alloys: more smooth Cr and Al-rich oxide (point 1), coarse Cr-rich oxide (point2) and Cr, Ti-rich oxide protuberances (point3).
EDS analysis indicated that the internal oxide was enriched in Al and that the external scale consisted primarily chromium oxide with some Ti-rich oxides.
The thick external Cr2O3 and TiO2 scale was accompanied by severe internal oxidation of Al.
Stringer et al. [19] proposed the nucleation theory and they hypothesized that RE addition shortens the transient oxidation stage, due to RE oxide particles acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites for Cr2O3.
El-Dahshan, and J.Stringer: Corr.

In a recent work, Chemisky et al. [7] have shown that such a formulation can be explicitely defined by the two maximum transformation strain in tension and compression, respectively.
Utilizing the constitutive model proposed by Chemisky et al. [7], finite element simulations are carried out to predict the strain fields on the area of interest of the specimen.
An optimization algorithm is further required to minimize the error between the experimental and numerically-computed strain fields.Constitutive model and description of tension-compression asymmetry The formulation of the phenomenological constitutive model of Chemisky et al. [7] is based on the description of a thermodynamic free energy potential employing a chosen set of complementary independent state variables (external and internal).
In the constitutive model of Chemisky et al., it is assumed that amplitude of the average transformation strain tensor εT reaches a maximum: |εT| 6 εTSAT (1) To capture the tension-compression asymmetry, the physical limitation (eq. 1) is expressed using a modified formulation of Prager equation written in terms of the average transformation strain tensor invariants: εTsat = K(1 + β J3 J2 3 2 )1n with J2 = 1 2 ¯εTij¯εTij, J3 = 1 3 ¯εTij¯εTjk¯εTki (2) K and β parameters are related to the tension and compression maximum tranformation strain, considering the components of the average transformation strain tensor in tension and compression εTtrac and εTcomp: εTij = εTtrac   1 0 0 0 −12 0 0 0 −12  , εTij = εTcomp   −1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 2  . (3) Parameters K and β are thus written: K = εTtrac(1 + β α)− 1 n, β = (1 − γ γ + 1) α, γ = (εTcomp εTtrac )n. (4) α is a constant value coming from J2 and J3 invariants definition (α ≃ 2.6) and γ is the ratio between
El Amrani, A.

To improve the structural performance of wall-slab joint, Al-Aghabari et. al [9] performed experimental work of wall-slab joint using two types of joints; anchorage bracing and cross bracing joints.
Anuar et. al [10] had tested a single unit 3-storey tunnel form building under in-plane lateral cyclic loading, and a lot of cracks were detected at the first and second floor.
References [1] Galal, K. and El-Sokkary, .
[9] Al-Aghabari, A., Hamzah, S.H., Hamid, N.H. and Rahman, N.