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CuAl, CuZr, CuCrZr, CuCoBe, CuCoNiBe, CuBe, CuNiSi, CuNiSiCr, CuW and others etc. materials are used for tip production in the resistance spot welding of hard sheet materials such as stainless steels.
When welding harder sheet materials, such as stainless steels, much higher electrode forces are required but lower welding current.
The chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of electrode materials used in this study are also given in Table 2.
Abel, "Analysis of Materials for Resistance Spot Welding Electrodes."
Serna, Microstructural transformations of dissimilar austenite-ferrite stainless steels welded joints, Journal of Materials Physics and Chemistry, 1.4 (2013) 65-68.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 177: 396～400 [2] Eriksson M, Oldenburg M, Somani MC, et al.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, May 2009, 40A: 1160
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 177: 452～455
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164(7)：1294-1300 [11] Jacobs P F.
New frontiers in mold construction: high conductivity materials and conformal cooling channels[J].

Study on Physical Training Approach based on Multimedia and smart materials ChangJun Tian Xi'an International University Xi'an Shanxi, 710077, China e-mail: tianchangjun332@163.com Keywords: Multimedia technology, Physical training, Multimedia data, Platform Abstract.
With the support of the multimedia technology based platform, teachers can organize knowledge adequately by the multimedia first, and then they can broadcast their teaching materials through Internet.
Journal of Sports and Science 24:75-76 [4] Xiao Long, Liu Yinbin (2005) a tentative plan for the reform of P.E course selecting model in colleges and universities making use of the school network.
Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education 17:107-113 [5] Zheng Jie (2004) the new concept of P.
Grosky, Utz Westermann (2008) Multimedia Education in Computer Science: A little Bit of Everything Is Not Enough, Multimedia.

It is defined as . (1) where ,. (2) with and for BCC and FCC materials, respectively.
However, the Voce type isotropic hardening law tends to generate a saturating curve for stable materials, which may lead to a difficulty in fitting some materials that show a relatively flat stress-strain curve.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 2011; 53: 425–435
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 2003; 45:1687–702
Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 2007, 129 (2): 352-359.

This result will play a theoretical guidance for the research of waveguide containing left-handed materials.
It was until the split ring resonator (SRR) medium introduced by Pendry et al. [3] that gave the opportunity to make a material with negative permeability, from which a left-handed medium can be constructed, as Smith et al. demonstrate [4].Since then, “left-handed”materials becomes the hot subject both in experimental and theoretical efforts, as it promises applications on optics, quantum optics, and electromagnetism. [5-8] Compared to traditional medium waveguide, sandwich structured materials made up of usual medium of coat- and substrate- layers and“left-handed”materials of central-layer show peculiar properties in plane guided wave, such as the absence of the fundamental TE modes, mode double degeneracy, and sign varying energy flux.
Acknowledgment This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Project number 50061001and 50661001; supported by the Science Foundation of Guangxi Province under Project number 0991026, 0832029, and 0639004.
Observation of the inverse Doppler effect in negative-index materials at optical frequencies[J]. 2011, 5(4): 239-245
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 1998, 10(22): 4785

Polyurethane foam materials are widely used as cores in sandwich composites, for packing and cushioning.
Carlsson: Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 4 (2002), p. 99
Lolive: Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 4 (2002), p. 219
Negru, Key Engineering Materials, 385387 (2008) p. 205
O'Toole: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191 (2007), p. 73

The raw materials were ground to an average particle size of 2.4 mm and treated with phosphoric acid 85% (1.7 mL acid /g material).
In general the spectra for the prepared adsorbents are similar to those reported in the literature for chemical activation of other lignocellulosic materials with H3PO4 [11,12].
Franca, in: Encyclopedia of Food Science Research, edited by C.L.
Özkaya: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol. 129 (2006), p. 158 [14] L.J.
Hellala: Journal of Hazardous Materials Vol.

The molar ratio of raw material was chosen as Pb: Sn: Ti = (1-x): x: 1.
Calzada, J. de Frutos, Chemical processing and microstructure of piezoelectric lead titanate ceramics, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 4 1 (1993) 83
Ren et al, Glucose modified hydrothermal synthesis of perovskite oxide nanocrystals, Rare Metal Materials Engineering, Vol. 41 3 (2012) 129
Sun, et al, Structure and electrical properties of Mn doped Bi (Mg1/2Ti1/2) O3-PbTiO3 ferroelectric thin films, Applied Surface Science, 268 (2011) 327
Arnold, et al, Incorporation of lanthanide ions in lead titanate, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47 2 (2012) 1094

It is one of the important materials which relates to motor energy conversion and service life.
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 1987, 26(1):197-199
Wear Properties and Life Prediction of Friction Materials for Ultrasonic Motors.
A Wear Evaluation Chart if Friction Materials Used for Ultrasonic Motors.
Wear and dynamic properties of piezoelectric ultrasonic motor with frictional materials coated stator, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2005, 90:391~395 [7] Ding Qingjun.

[7] J.Lian and B.Baudelet: Material Science and Engineering, Vol.86, (1987), p.137-144
[9] F.K.Chen: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.37, (1993), p.175–188
[13] Y.C.Lee and F.K.Chen: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol.103, (2000), p.353–361
[14] K.Elangovan, C.Sathiya Narayanan and R.Narayanasamy: Computational Materials Science, Vol.47, (2010), p.1072-1078
[15] S.C.Baik, K.H.Oh and D.N.Lee: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.58, (1996), p.139-144.