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Tailor-welded tubes are widely applied to tube hydroforming field due to their advantages of low cost, reduction in part weight and flexibility in mass production.
Introduction Due to their advantages of low cost, reduction in part weight and flexibility in mass production[1], tailor-welded tubes are widely used as main materials for tube hydroforming which is applied to automotive, aviation and aerospace industries.
Finally, the displacement of each grid, wall thickness reduction rate of each grid and strain of each grid in deformed images can be obtained by comparing 3D coordinates of each grid between the current image and the reference image.
During the uniaxial tensile test, data of load and displacement was collected automatically by the universal testing machine itself, and deformed images of the specimen were captured by CCD cameras.
Since the instantaneous thickness of the specimen can be obtained from the data output by the 3D deformation measuring system, the 3D analysis of the specimen can be simplified to 2D analysis.

Research Method and Data Specification 2.1 STIRPAT model STIRPAT model derives from IPAT model.
Based upon those indexes, the SPIRPAT model is as followings: LnI = Lna + bLnPl + cLnP2 + d LnAGDP + eLnT1 + fLnT2 +Lne (6) 2.3 Data resources All data comes from China Statistical Yearbook issues 1990 and 2012.
Empirical Analyses 3.1 Ridge regression estimation Based on the collected data of indexes, linear STIRPAT equation was modeled to analyze.
Ridge regression has more tolerance for ill conditioned data than that of OLS.
Thus ridge regression method is applied to the original data.

Oxygen Uptake by Biological Processes Inside Oxidation Ditch Noor Aida Saad1,a, Hamidi Abdul Aziz1, 2,b*, Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah3,c, Mohamed Zubair4,d and Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol1,e 1School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia adraida79@yahoo.co.uk, b*cehamidi@usm.my, cmezul@usm.my, dmzuber@upm.edu.my, eceremy@usm.my Keywords: Biological wastewater treatment, oxygen consumption, BOD reduction, oxidation ditch Abstract.
Methods Through the application of previously developed fundamental relationships describing the oxygen uptake by biological processes (referred as Eq. 1), the correlation between oxygen utilization rate and BOD reduction is established.
This value is typically equal to 0.8 (80%) Ѳc = Sludge age (d) Kd =endogenous respiration coefficient (d-1) OUR (kg/d) = aQ (So-Se)/103+ bXv.V/103+ 4.57Q (∆TKN)/103-2.86Q (∆TN)/103 4 2 1 3 1 = representing the O2 demand for oxidation of carbonaceous organic matter 2 = representing the O2 demand for endogenous respiration 3 = representing the O2 demand for oxidation of nitrogenous matter (nitrification) 4 = representing the O2 saving through the released O2 by nitrate reduction Figure 2: Mathematical formula for total oxygen requirements of biological treatment.
· The reduction of 1g/m3 of nitrogen in the form of nitrate releases 2.86 g O2/m3 (Sperling and Chernicharo 2005) · The value of Y= 0.6 · Sludge age, Ѳc = 17 days · fb’= 0.8 · Kd =0.08 · HRT for each channel is constant (no distributions)
Based on the data provided in Fig. 4, the outer channel takes the highest portion of the overall oxygen consumption which is 66 % compare to the middle channel with only 14 % and followed by the inner channel with 20 %.

Meanwhile, we take imbalanced data into consideration in the paper.
Nathalie [7] systematically investigated the challenges posed by imbalanced data in the classification problem and pointed out that data skew would affect various classifiers.
Intelligent Data Analysis, vol. 6 (2002), pp. 429-449
Garcia: Learning from imbalanced data, J.
Data Eng., vol. 21 (2009), pp. 1263-1284

Tensile study and measurement of the hardness data were carried out at room temperature.
Subsequently, these plate samples were subjected to 30% thickness reduction by coldrolling (marforming) and finally annealed at 773 K for 1.8 ks, followed by water quenching to Troom (MARFORM/HT773).
Then, this plate sample was subjected to 50% thickness reduction by hot rolling (ausforming) and water quenched to Troom (AUSFORM-773).
Sample designation Initial heat treatment Cold rolling (marforming) Hot rolling (ausforming) Final heat treatment HT773 - - - Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench MARFORM/HT7 73 Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench 30% thickness reduction at room temperature - Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench AUSFORM-773 Anneal at 1040 K for 300 s / air cooled to 773 K - 50% thickness reduction at 773 K Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench Samples with a mass ranging from 40 to 50 mg were cut from all specimens for DSC analysis (SETARAM DSC92).
Vickers hardness data, in Fig. 1b, show that the samples undergoing a final annealing at 773 K, with (3 & 4) or without (2) mechanical working, display smaller hardness values when compared with the AR sample (1).

In this concept data is no longer hosted in a single data centres but is “mirrored” across multiple DC.
Based on the above, the authors argue that more innovative approaches for the management of engineering services in Data Centres are required, i.e. methodologies extending the scope of traditional maintenance strategies, e.g. by increasing the number of monitoring points [2] and exploiting the available data through advanced data analysis and data mining techniques.
Facility Management in Data Centres In an “ideal” Data Centre only two organisations would exist: The primary IT service provider and the secondary FM-services provider.
· All Data Centres followed the preventive, time based maintenance model.
Babcook, “Six Models of the Modern Data Centre,” Informationweek, 14 June 2014.

The results thus justified the inevitability of use of Tween-80 at higher concentrations to maintain surface tension reduction profile of electrolyte solutions.
The processing of resultant XRD intensity data of bulk and nano PbCrO4 product (Figure 3a-d) using in-built software Diffraceva and the corresponding data matching using ICDD data showed clearly that the XRD spectrum of bulk (without surfactant) batch displayed the (210), (102), (211), (221), (122) and (303) peaks corresponding to 2θ of 25.990°, 27.021°, 28.892°, 40.395°, 42.360° and 49.623° respectively, which represented the orthorhombic crystal orientation while, the Tween-80 mediated products (PbCrO4 nanorod) obtained via solution spray process exhibited intense Bragg reflections characteristic of monoclinic polymorph with (200), (012), (-131) and (132) peaks corresponding to 2θ of 25.7°, 29.6°, 40.0°, and 49.3°.
Secondly, for same impinging solution spray process, the micrographs advocated the influence of surfactant concentration on size reduction and stabilization of PbCrO4 nano crystals.
At Tween-80 addition corresponding to 10 g/L, major size reduction to the tune of 543 x 37.8 nm in length and diameter respectively was achieved (Figure 4c).
The FESEM micrographs shows major size reduction to the tune of 543 x 37.8 nm in length and diameter respectively with well separated, elongated nanorods at 10 g/L Tween-80 usages.

The environmental benefit of subsequent reduction of sulfide in the tailings from 3.7 to 0.2% on AMD generation potential is quantified through a combination of methodologies including MPA, ANC, NAPP, NAG and microbial testing.
Sulfide reduction from 4 to 1% reduces AMD generation.
Further reduction below 1% S yields diminishing returns.
Mass separation in a two-stage flotation for separation of active components from gangue NAF Chalco Pyrite Gangue 1kg 0.984kg 0.892kg 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - - - 0 36 9 3.7% 2.20% % 1.10% 0.22 % NAG pH NAF PAF NAPP [kg H2SO4/ton] Fig. 2 shows the proportional mass flows over 2 stages for the same experimental data.
However, a reduction in the sulfur content of the sample greatly reduces the MPA, and thus the NAPP.

The data was recorded online and used for post processing.
The load, displacement data during fatigue test was continuously monitored for post processing of stiffness.
Stiffness data at periodic intervals of cycles was estimated from unloading segment of the load-displacement data over a window of 85-50% of maximum stress applied during fatigue cycling.
In case of spectrum loading, stiffness data was estimated from load-displacement data obtained from constant amplitude cycles that were interspersed with equivalent FALSTAFF loading at the end of every block (200 flights equivalent) of equivalent FALSTAFF loading.
[4] Talreja, R., Transverse cracking and stiffness reduction in composite laminates, J.

At present, the authoritative and canonical data are lacking on the emissions and disposal of construction or demolition wastes, and the amounts greatly vary with different regions in China.
Some information demonstrated that the proportion may be from 30% to 40% however, the arguments of statistical data are not enough.
(1) Reduction.
Conclusions In China, economic development is unbalanced in different regions, and the authoritative and canonical data are lacking on the emissions and disposal of construction or demolition wastes.
The amount ant components greatly vary with years and regions, the survey data may be reference information to correlative studies.