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Online since: April 2012
Authors: Zhuo Ma, Hai Yan Duan, De Ming Dong, Xiao Gang He, Xun Zhou Tong, Xian En Wang
Model Mode and Data Sources
LMDI Model Design.
Data Description.
All of the data we adopted in the calculation come from the Statistical Yearbook of Changchun City.
According to the data, economic development, as the main factor for the increase of carbon emissions in Changchun, whose the contribution values of the carbon emission increase in industrial department present a year-by-year rising trend.
Relevant statistical data show that the economic development level of Changchun improves unceasingly in recent years, regional GDP has increased from 90.943 billion of the year 2000 to 233.648 billion of 2008, increased by nearly 2.6 times.
Data Description.
All of the data we adopted in the calculation come from the Statistical Yearbook of Changchun City.
According to the data, economic development, as the main factor for the increase of carbon emissions in Changchun, whose the contribution values of the carbon emission increase in industrial department present a year-by-year rising trend.
Relevant statistical data show that the economic development level of Changchun improves unceasingly in recent years, regional GDP has increased from 90.943 billion of the year 2000 to 233.648 billion of 2008, increased by nearly 2.6 times.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Rania Assem, A.S. Fouda, A.A. Ibrahim, M. Saadawy
Polarization data revealed that these surfactants act as mixed type inhibitors.
Confirmation of these various independent techniques proved validity of the obtained data. 1.
Gamry applications contain DC105 software for DC corrosion measurements, EIS 300 Software for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and EFM140 software for electrochemical frequency modulation measurements a long with a computer for collecting data Echem analyst 6.03 software was utilized for plotting, graphing and fitting data. [7] 2.5.1.Potentiodynamic Polarization The electrode potential scanning from (-1000 to 0.0 mV vs SCE) was done spontaneously to get Tafel polarization graphs at open circuit potential at scan rate of 1mVS-1.
So the definition of Ecorr is the potential at which the rate of oxidation is exactly equal to the rate of reduction.
The electrical circuit model used to fit experimental EIS data which obtained from carbon steel electrode in 1M HCl.
Confirmation of these various independent techniques proved validity of the obtained data. 1.
Gamry applications contain DC105 software for DC corrosion measurements, EIS 300 Software for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and EFM140 software for electrochemical frequency modulation measurements a long with a computer for collecting data Echem analyst 6.03 software was utilized for plotting, graphing and fitting data. [7] 2.5.1.Potentiodynamic Polarization The electrode potential scanning from (-1000 to 0.0 mV vs SCE) was done spontaneously to get Tafel polarization graphs at open circuit potential at scan rate of 1mVS-1.
So the definition of Ecorr is the potential at which the rate of oxidation is exactly equal to the rate of reduction.
The electrical circuit model used to fit experimental EIS data which obtained from carbon steel electrode in 1M HCl.
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Pei Sheng Liu, Jin Lian Hu, Wei Ping Cai, Yun Lu
., oxidation reaction and thermal reduction reaction).
The SPR is a fingerprint feature of metallic Ag nanoparticles, which has significant potential applications in optical waveguides and optical switches, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, optical data storage technology, solar cells and chemical sensors [1-4].
Thus, only a small part of silver can be oxidized into Ag ions, which then combine with the dangling bonds, and the other part of silver cannot be oxidized by air at high temperature and shows a metallic state due to thermal reduction.
As for the thermal reduction, it can be confirmed by our further experimental result that heat treatment in inert atmosphere (Ar) can reduce the AS sample or AgNO3/mesoporous SiO2 with low or high Ag content.
Here, with the increase of Ag content, the role of oxidation induced by the surface/interface synergetic effect gets weaker, whereas the role of the thermal reduction becomes stronger.
The SPR is a fingerprint feature of metallic Ag nanoparticles, which has significant potential applications in optical waveguides and optical switches, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, optical data storage technology, solar cells and chemical sensors [1-4].
Thus, only a small part of silver can be oxidized into Ag ions, which then combine with the dangling bonds, and the other part of silver cannot be oxidized by air at high temperature and shows a metallic state due to thermal reduction.
As for the thermal reduction, it can be confirmed by our further experimental result that heat treatment in inert atmosphere (Ar) can reduce the AS sample or AgNO3/mesoporous SiO2 with low or high Ag content.
Here, with the increase of Ag content, the role of oxidation induced by the surface/interface synergetic effect gets weaker, whereas the role of the thermal reduction becomes stronger.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jun Guo Li, Yan Shi, Fan Wang, Xing Fu Cai
The technologies of nitrate removal include ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, bio-denitration, and chemical reduction, etc [1].
Spherical Sponge Iron (SSI) with 1~5 mm diameter was prepared through the process of palletizing, roasting and direct reduction by hydrogen.
The reduction process has been reported in our previous works [8], and the reduction temperature was selected under T1 and T2.
According to the kinetic experiment datum as shown in Fig. 1, reaction rate equations of nitrate removal by SSI under different reaction temperature could be calculated and illustrated in Table 1.
It was suggested that the limited key of nitrate reduction by SSI was diffusion of the reactant because of lower activity energy.
Spherical Sponge Iron (SSI) with 1~5 mm diameter was prepared through the process of palletizing, roasting and direct reduction by hydrogen.
The reduction process has been reported in our previous works [8], and the reduction temperature was selected under T1 and T2.
According to the kinetic experiment datum as shown in Fig. 1, reaction rate equations of nitrate removal by SSI under different reaction temperature could be calculated and illustrated in Table 1.
It was suggested that the limited key of nitrate reduction by SSI was diffusion of the reactant because of lower activity energy.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Chun Hua Wang, Chao Pin Li
Individuals that were lost during handling or whose death was caused by accidental drying up were excluded from the life-table data.
Data progressing.
Data was expressed as mean±S.E.
The total fertility rate (TFR) of control was 301, and it appeared to be concentration-dependent reduction after 4h exposure.
Apparent Reductions in the net reproductive rate (R0) and lifespan (e0) were also observed, even at the lowest concentration (1µM) tested.
Data progressing.
Data was expressed as mean±S.E.
The total fertility rate (TFR) of control was 301, and it appeared to be concentration-dependent reduction after 4h exposure.
Apparent Reductions in the net reproductive rate (R0) and lifespan (e0) were also observed, even at the lowest concentration (1µM) tested.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: R. González, F. Torres, I. Plaza, F. Arcega, V. Yoldi
All these processes of measurement throw some results which are studied with data analysis techniques (graphic, statistics…).
One of the main advantages of the proposed integration is the reduction of the volume of documentation in relation with the individual systems which are integrated.
This reduction is feasible when taking advantage of the evident parallelism between the requirements of the integrated systems of management.
The reduction of the volume of documentation generated (especially records) simplifies the operation of the system, what reduces the time of implantation needed.
This optimization allows the reduction of costs of implementation and maintenance of the Integrated Management System.
One of the main advantages of the proposed integration is the reduction of the volume of documentation in relation with the individual systems which are integrated.
This reduction is feasible when taking advantage of the evident parallelism between the requirements of the integrated systems of management.
The reduction of the volume of documentation generated (especially records) simplifies the operation of the system, what reduces the time of implantation needed.
This optimization allows the reduction of costs of implementation and maintenance of the Integrated Management System.
Online since: April 2009
Authors: V.A. Kulbachinskii, L. Shchurova
The negative magnetoresistance are explained as the reduction of spin-flip scattering by aligning
spins of the magnetic field.
The concentration of the holes created by carbon was determined from this frequency to be 3.4×10 11 cm-2, which agrees with the Hall effect data [1].
Our calculations of dependence R(T) for a system with ferromagnetic transition confirm experimental data with non-monotonous temperature dependence (see fig. 3).
The increase in polarization leads to linear reduction of magnetoresistance on H.
The results of our calculations using g=0.45 [7] quantitatively agree with the experimental data and are shown in Fig 4.
The concentration of the holes created by carbon was determined from this frequency to be 3.4×10 11 cm-2, which agrees with the Hall effect data [1].
Our calculations of dependence R(T) for a system with ferromagnetic transition confirm experimental data with non-monotonous temperature dependence (see fig. 3).
The increase in polarization leads to linear reduction of magnetoresistance on H.
The results of our calculations using g=0.45 [7] quantitatively agree with the experimental data and are shown in Fig 4.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jian Wei Chen, Yi Du, Qing Xin Chen
By adding reactive power of before and after the test data comparison, summarized as follows:When the power factor is raised from 0.81 to 0.96 the current is reduced 55A, voltage 3V, depending on the power reduction in 33KVA, reactive power reduced 81KVAR.
Fixed cost: purchased cost of equipment Opportunity cost due to the use of reduction machine, and loss of the sale of tin slag income.
Direct benefits: save the purchasing cost of tin bar.Indirect benefits the tin slag reduction technology, is the company's resource conservation of specific performance, for the company in the industry establish a responsible citizen of the community's good image.
Only a direct economic benefits, calculated monthly investment recovery period: Fixed cost/ (month directly benefit – month change cost - on the opportunity cost) =3.017 Namely: the investment recovery period is 3.017 months. 2) Select the appropriate reduction machine 3) make recovery process and management method Recovery process divides into two types. one is lead-free wave soldering tin slag recycling process the other is lead-free production line tin slag recycling process; 4) formulation of reduction process and management method Each batch of reduction of tin block sampling board testing component.
We will farther promote Green Process activities with cost reduction efforts so that enterprises can function in harmory with the global environment.
Fixed cost: purchased cost of equipment Opportunity cost due to the use of reduction machine, and loss of the sale of tin slag income.
Direct benefits: save the purchasing cost of tin bar.Indirect benefits the tin slag reduction technology, is the company's resource conservation of specific performance, for the company in the industry establish a responsible citizen of the community's good image.
Only a direct economic benefits, calculated monthly investment recovery period: Fixed cost/ (month directly benefit – month change cost - on the opportunity cost) =3.017 Namely: the investment recovery period is 3.017 months. 2) Select the appropriate reduction machine 3) make recovery process and management method Recovery process divides into two types. one is lead-free wave soldering tin slag recycling process the other is lead-free production line tin slag recycling process; 4) formulation of reduction process and management method Each batch of reduction of tin block sampling board testing component.
We will farther promote Green Process activities with cost reduction efforts so that enterprises can function in harmory with the global environment.
Online since: July 2006
Authors: M.M. Alaiha, R. Mahmudi
These specimens were then
mounted on a texture goniometer, from which the diffracted intensity data was logged into a
microcomputer producing {200} pole figures automatically.
In the first four routes, the influence of cold reduction and final annealing on the earing quality is examined.
However, increasing the annealing temperature reduces the earing tendency, the effect being more pronounced at lower values of cold reduction.
The highest earing is observed at the greatest cold reduction of 94% for all annealing temperatures.
In this route after 80% cold rolling, the material was annealed in the temperature range 420 to 540°C and was given another 50% cold reduction before final annealing treatments.
In the first four routes, the influence of cold reduction and final annealing on the earing quality is examined.
However, increasing the annealing temperature reduces the earing tendency, the effect being more pronounced at lower values of cold reduction.
The highest earing is observed at the greatest cold reduction of 94% for all annealing temperatures.
In this route after 80% cold rolling, the material was annealed in the temperature range 420 to 540°C and was given another 50% cold reduction before final annealing treatments.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Fu Jia Yu, Shan Cai, Shan Zhi Deng, Roger Horn, Ze Hong Wang
(2) Reduction of particle agglomeration and improved dispersion
For this reason the mica was placed in the moveable mount so that the wedge could be moved into the cleaved mica and out again while taking data and keeping the position of the edge of the wedge fixed.
Keeping the edge of the wedge fixed made recording the data easier as the crack length is measured from this edge of the wedge.
The fracture energy of mica in water is about half of what it is in air (the experimental data were not list in this paper), which is the reason that grinding in water is advantageous over dry grinding in tumbling ball mills.
The data show that the mica can be broken easily at this concentration level at acidic pH values than at natural (pH 8.10) or alkaline pH values.
For this reason the mica was placed in the moveable mount so that the wedge could be moved into the cleaved mica and out again while taking data and keeping the position of the edge of the wedge fixed.
Keeping the edge of the wedge fixed made recording the data easier as the crack length is measured from this edge of the wedge.
The fracture energy of mica in water is about half of what it is in air (the experimental data were not list in this paper), which is the reason that grinding in water is advantageous over dry grinding in tumbling ball mills.
The data show that the mica can be broken easily at this concentration level at acidic pH values than at natural (pH 8.10) or alkaline pH values.