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The analysis of the results shows a significant reduction of programming duration as well as a reduction of programming errors compared with Teach-In.
This gestural input may be supported through pointing devices or data gloves.
The study results show a significant reduction of the programming duration for spatial programming.
Regarding the mean value we obtained a reduction to 12.9 % (robot programmer: 15.4 %) compared with Teach-In for Labyrinth and a reduction to 10.3 % (robot programmer: 7.5 %) for Pick&Place.
By means of spatial programming and the AR simulation, a reduction to 16 % and 19 % could be realised.

Starting from the actual standardized methodology for design of the control gauges, this paper presents a new algorithm for the design, which is taking into consideration also the number of serial production parts which are verified, by increasing the efficiency of the gauges number used and the reduction of the control costs.
Furthermore, based on the experimental data presented, the mathematical methods of the tolerance execution field of the gauges and respectively the wear field, of the GO, NOGO gauges for interior and exterior diameter.
The new methodology permits the optimization of the parameters values z1, y1 by taking into consideration the production plan against minimization of the gauges number, especially the shaft gauge, what gives reduction to the product cost by cutting down the gauges fabrication costs. 2.

Tensile study and measurement of the hardness data were carried out at room temperature.
Subsequently, these plate samples were subjected to 30% thickness reduction by coldrolling (marforming) and finally annealed at 773 K for 1.8 ks, followed by water quenching to Troom (MARFORM/HT773).
Then, this plate sample was subjected to 50% thickness reduction by hot rolling (ausforming) and water quenched to Troom (AUSFORM-773).
Sample designation Initial heat treatment Cold rolling (marforming) Hot rolling (ausforming) Final heat treatment HT773 - - - Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench MARFORM/HT7 73 Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench 30% thickness reduction at room temperature - Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench AUSFORM-773 Anneal at 1040 K for 300 s / air cooled to 773 K - 50% thickness reduction at 773 K Anneal at 773 K for 1.8 ks / water quench Samples with a mass ranging from 40 to 50 mg were cut from all specimens for DSC analysis (SETARAM DSC92).
Vickers hardness data, in Fig. 1b, show that the samples undergoing a final annealing at 773 K, with (3 & 4) or without (2) mechanical working, display smaller hardness values when compared with the AR sample (1).

This provides and facilitates the integration and use of data throughout the chemical process.
Furthermore, it makes use of less extensive data from the reviewed studies, which could substantially simplify design comparisons to improved or new processes.
This considers the integration of all qualitative and quantitative parameters into sustainability evaluation data.
The input of the sustainability evaluation is the output data that are extracted from Aspen Hysys simulation for example, mass flowrate of the ethanol produced and other substances along the process of conversion from ethylene to ethanol.
For social concerns, the safety and health risks are chosen as they can be manipulated in quantitative data and the value of normalized metrics are by dividing the mass flow rate and score by number of total compounds involved.

Oxygen Uptake by Biological Processes Inside Oxidation Ditch Noor Aida Saad1,a, Hamidi Abdul Aziz1, 2,b*, Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah3,c, Mohamed Zubair4,d and Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol1,e 1School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Solid Waste Management Cluster, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4 Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia adraida79@yahoo.co.uk, b*cehamidi@usm.my, cmezul@usm.my, dmzuber@upm.edu.my, eceremy@usm.my Keywords: Biological wastewater treatment, oxygen consumption, BOD reduction, oxidation ditch Abstract.
Methods Through the application of previously developed fundamental relationships describing the oxygen uptake by biological processes (referred as Eq. 1), the correlation between oxygen utilization rate and BOD reduction is established.
This value is typically equal to 0.8 (80%) Ѳc = Sludge age (d) Kd =endogenous respiration coefficient (d-1) OUR (kg/d) = aQ (So-Se)/103+ bXv.V/103+ 4.57Q (∆TKN)/103-2.86Q (∆TN)/103 4 2 1 3 1 = representing the O2 demand for oxidation of carbonaceous organic matter 2 = representing the O2 demand for endogenous respiration 3 = representing the O2 demand for oxidation of nitrogenous matter (nitrification) 4 = representing the O2 saving through the released O2 by nitrate reduction Figure 2: Mathematical formula for total oxygen requirements of biological treatment.
· The reduction of 1g/m3 of nitrogen in the form of nitrate releases 2.86 g O2/m3 (Sperling and Chernicharo 2005) · The value of Y= 0.6 · Sludge age, Ѳc = 17 days · fb’= 0.8 · Kd =0.08 · HRT for each channel is constant (no distributions)
Based on the data provided in Fig. 4, the outer channel takes the highest portion of the overall oxygen consumption which is 66 % compare to the middle channel with only 14 % and followed by the inner channel with 20 %.

The anthropometric data and reach data from the subjects were collected using VICON motion capture system with a sampling frequency of 120Hz. markers (marker diameter is 9.5mm) were pasted on the key anatomical locations of the subjects’ body.
Data Analysis: (1)Data reduction: reach data were imported into CATIA for further analysis, data were reduced using Homogeneous reduction: start from the first captured point, data within the given distance, in this case is 90mm, were removed, then the closest point was taken as the second point, redo the reduction process.
No. of corresponding reach data Average difference SD of differences 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 566 -5.46 42.76 -8.99 -1.93 Table 3 Corresponding measured item for model modification input Variable for modification Xb1 Xe Zb1 Corresponding measured item Buttock-trochanter distance Acromion-back diatance Trochanter hight Measured value*(mm) 115 114 86 *all measured values are 50th percentile Application of Model: According to the anthropometric data and the human upper limb reach data [3], fighter pilots’ reach point data at other seat backrest angles (from 0° to 30° except for 13°) could be calculated using the human upper limb reach area model above.
Reach data under different seat angle and other anthropometric data were collected using motion capture system with a sample rate of 120Hz.
During this study, VICON motion capture system was used to collect data.

An analytical solution method is applied to satisfy the requirements for vibration reduction.
After the crankshaft counterweight is machined and installed, the new crankshaft is able to reduce compressor vibrations from 32 mm/s down to 15.8 mm/s and noise reduction of 3 dB.
Experiments and Results Comparison The purpose of crankshaft modal testing is to measure the frequency response data of the system and to establish a model for mathematical and physical properties, which can then be used as a reference for crankshaft balance weight design.
After the modal testing experiment, we compared the natural frequency obtained from the experiment with the results from finite element analysis to verify that the processed data was based on spectrum analyzer measurements.
Comparison of data obtained from the experiment and simulation using finite element analysis is listed in Table 2, which reveals that the natural frequency obtained from the modal testing experiment and the finite element simulation had an error rate of less than 6 %.

Moreover, SVM was modified by introducing wavelet function as kernel for mapping input data into feature space.
Input data were vibration signals acquired from bearings through standard data acquisition process.
In the training process, the data set was also trained using RBF kernel function as comparison.
(a) Daubechies wavelet with PC data (b) Daubechies wavelet with IC data Fig. 3 Separation boundaries of W-SVM.
Vapnik, Estimation Dependences Based on Empirical Data, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1982.

For the biosynthesis of monovinyl chlorophyll, the reduction of the 8-vinyl group which is located on the B-ring of the macrocycle is essential. 3,8-Divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is necessary for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis.
Among the variety of chlorophyll species, monovinyl chlorophyll a are most commonly utilized for the photochemistry in photosynthetic organisms. 3,8-Divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is necessary for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis.
Conclusions In conclusion, our data show full-length DVR cDNA was cloned from Dunaliella parva, which includes 1326 bp coding region, 22 bp 5'-untranslated regions and 383 bp 3'-untranslated regions.

Other data of the are related in Table 1.
Table 1 - Geometric data related to the kiln analyzed.
The temperature data was collected in a 15-minute interval, totaling 234 time intervals.
The storage and management of collected data was done via LabView software.
According to the data acquisition system,T0= 299.06 K.