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They recognized that the reduction of chromium oxide involves three independent stages: (i) reduction of Cr 3+ to Cr, (ii) formation of Cr 2+ either from the oxidation of Cr or the reduction of Cr 3+ and (iii) the reduction of Cr 2+ to Cr.
On the other hand, investigations on the thermodynamic equilibrium of liquid Fe - Cr alloys [4 - 8] have revealed more accurate data on the activities and free energies of formation of the constituents of the Fe - Cr system [4].
We now proceed to estimate the mass transfer coefficients from our experimental data.
Firstly, from the chromium concentration in the steel data, we calculate the number of moles of chromium that have been reduced in every time step.
The mass transfer coefficients for the reduction of chromium were estimated from experimental data.

Introduction Data mining is the process of extracting knowledge from large amounts of data.
Privacy Preserving Data Mining Architecture Privacy Preserving Data Mining Technologies There are many methods for privacy preserving data mining.
Moreover, DRBT may cause loss of accuracy due to dimensionality reduction in the original data.
Data Utility.
Zaiane, Privacy-preserving clustering by object similarity-based representation and dimensionality reduction transformation, Proc. of the Workshop on Privacy and Security Aspects of Data Mining (PSADM’04) in conjunction with the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM’04), 2004, 21-30

Jet drag reduction technology Currently, the research of jet drag reduction technology mainly concentrated on the flow drag reduction.
In the hypersonic aircraft drag reduction research, some scholars have already put the flow drag reduction technology into the hypersonic aircraft drag reduction research field.
Schülein etc [69] found shock needle deflection angle and direction can’t be ensured relying on the pitot pressure data.
Drag reduction rate is about 35%.
Shock wave drag reduction.

The TiC powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of TiO2 in vacuum using the titania and carbon black as raw materials.
In order to solve these problems, the formation of TiO2 powders by carbothermal reduction in vacuum was researched.
The possibility of synthesizing TiC powders by carbothermal reduction of TiO2 in vacuum was researched in previous literatures [11].
In this experiment, the reaction temperature of carbothermal reduction of TiO2 decreases obviously when the system pressure declines [12].
The pattern were compared to the international center for diffraction data (ICDD) – powder diffraction files (PDF) database.

This paper implements a particular type of multi-criteria method, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to compare 21 conventional and renewable energy plants.
In this paper, the multiple criteria optimization problem is approached through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).
Both models include 2 inputs and 1 output, that are based on physical and economical data.
Data show that plants differ so much as to their productivity index.
Petersen, A Procedure for Ranking Efficient Units in Data Envelopment Analysis, Management Science, Vol. 39 (1993), pp. 1261–1264

Building Materials Composition Influence to Sound Transmission Loss (STL) Reduction Erni Setyowati1,a, Anggana Fitri Sadwikasari2,b 1Building Science Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, UNDIP, Semarang, Indonesia 2Islamic University of Indonesia (UII), Yogyakarta, Indonesia aernisyahdu@gmail.com, banggana@gmail.com Keywords: Airport noise, building material composition, STL reduction.
The models of housing are laid out with a number of specific orientation angles towards the runway and resulted values of the highest noise level reduction.
With this rotation, it can be determined that the more effective orientation angle towards the runway the higher value of sound reduction.
The comparative method is a practical method among the other methods, because it is flexible in the amount of data as well as those simplicity of the experimental treatment.9 Meanwhile, according to S.
Santoso, SPSS 18 assisted easily in solving the rating of orientation angles by incorporating the data relative to the value in the data sheet, and analyzed after labeling process. 10, 11 Sound level measurements performed well in the field when the aircraft landing and take-off.

The wavelet transform provides an effective method for signal noise reduction.
Therefore, wavelet noise reduction [2] has become the leader in signal noise reduction.
Local wave decomposition [3] is a completely data-driven algorithm.
So the local wave decomposition is feasible that is used as a method of signal adaptive noise reduction.
Ensemble empirical mode decomposition: a nosie assisted data analysis method.

The reduction device consists of a friction element and an elastic steel spring.
Here we introduce the friction device as reduction measure.
For the chosen material data if the spring force exceeds the pre-defined friction force Fr, sliding takes place and consequently energy will be dissipated.
Consequently, no vibration reduction will tae place.
Reduction of pounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes.

Reduction of Co3O4 primarily occurred near 300˚C and reduction of Fe2O3 occurred near 400˚C.
Change of XRD patterns with (a) milling time and (b) reduction temperature.
%Co alloy powders prepared by hydrogen reduction are shown in Fig. 4.
The saturation magnetization values are 214 and 216 emu/g which were correspond to the data of the reference [7].
-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 -10 0 10 Magnetic field (Oe) Magnetization (emu/g) Fe-20at.% Co Reduction Fe-50at.% Co Reduction Magnetic field (Oe) Magnetization (emu/g) Fe-20at.% Co Reduction Fe-50at.% Co Reduction Fig . 4.

Present of yeast or citrate could enhance Cr(VI) reduction of resting cells.
Cr(VI) could be reduced into Cr(III) by biological and chemical methods, but biological Cr(VI) reduction is more preferable than chemical reduction due to the lower cost [4].
Cr reduction was indicated by the decrease of Cr(VI).
These data were lower than one previous report (206.15 mM in nutrient agar) [15].
Wang: Microbial reduction of chromate.