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The resistivity data were fit to a p type model involving only doubly ionized oxygen vacancies, holes, and accidental acceptor impurities, and it decreased as P(O2) and temperature increased.
The former is consistent with a reduction reaction that produces oxygen vacancies, as expected for a compound that as Schottky disorder as its preferred intrinsic ionic disorder, and free electrons as Eq. 1:
(2) If the reduction is the major source of defects in the most highly reducing condition, then as Eq. 3 and Eq. 4
Reduction with the formation of oxygen vacancies causes no conceptual difficulties, but oxidation by either Eq. 5 or Eq. 6 should be difficult
The data in Fig.1 have been found to be very good agreement with the theory, so we think it’s the p-type conductivity.

The model takes the types, sites and sizes of DG as decision variables, economy and environment as the objective function, particle swarm algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem .A case study based on data from offshore oilfield is presented to verify the advantages of the improved optimal sizing method.
Mohamed F, Koivo H present a generalized formulation to determine the optimal operating strategy and cost optimization scheme as well as the reduction of the emissions for a MicroGrid [4].
Based on a large number of historical data ,the wind speed obeys two-parameter Weibull distribution approximately, the probability density function as fomula(1) (1) Where v is wind speed, m/s. k is the shape parameter, k =1.8~2.3 in general; c is the scale parameter which reflects the average wind speed, distribution probability density function shows as fomula(2) (2) Where range of F(V) is [0,1]，dividing it into N parts， generating random number from 0 to1,then convert it to random numbers as equation (3) (3) Where, n=1,2…N，U is a random number in the range
Objective Function System Economic Model .Under low-carbon economy, it aims at achieving minimum economic cost annually, realizing new energy saving and emission reduction significantly, meanwhile ensuring system operate reliabily.
Conclusion In this study, considering carbon price volatility agrees to actuality, renewable energy can realize energy saving and emission reduction, PSO algorithm can obtain optimal solution to minimize the total cost .

Also, reduction of oxide ceramics by radiation effects will be another topic which is attracting interests.
Rreduction of the electrical conductivity is clearly responding to reduction of the electrical conductivity of the lower temperature component.
Figure 2 Electrical conductivity under the irradiation (RIC data compiled by T.Tanaka[5]) With decrease of the base electrical conductivity from 2x10 -8S/m to about (2-5)x10 -10S/m, the radiation induced (enhanced) electrical conductivity of about 2x10 -9S/m surfaced even in 14MeV neutron irradiation at 293 K[3], after irradiation up to about 2x10 18 n/m 2.
The electronic excitation dose rate was estimated to be in the range of 10 -2Gy/s and observed increase of the electrical conductivity was higher than the accumulated RIC data as shown in Fig. 2.
The electrical conductivity of 1.2x10 -6 at the beginning of the irradiation and 6x10 -7S/m at 3.6x1023 n/m 2 fast neutron fluence, at 2 kGy/s were observed for BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-δ at about 520K, and 8x10-7S/m at 230 Gy/s for CaZr0.9In0.1O3-δ at about 420K, all of which are also within the scatter of accumulated RIC data[7] as shown in Fig. 2.

In the saving process, the user saves the motor angle trajectory, which is controlled by a position command, which is based on the input data given by the force sensing handle described in M-1.
The load disturbance on the output side of reduction gear can be reduced to input motors to about 1/n2 (n is the reduction ratio).
The motor position data are transferred to the PC through CAN in real-time (100Hz, 1Mbps) and they are saved in the PC.
In the playing mode, the manual operation mode is disabled and the motor data are transferred from the PC to IB to control the motors, automatically as shown in fig. 2.
The robotic follow spot system has 4 channels for follow spot light control and 6 channels for pan-tilt motion data and mode selection.

The soil material is extremely draining and clay-free, with a good resistance to the compaction and volume reduction.
Data Collection.
Relationship between soil depth and volum reduction (Vin/Vout) and flow peak reduction (Qin/Qout).
Particularly, the results obtained from the relationship between soil depth and volume reduction (Vin/Vout) and peak flow reduction (Qin/Qout) could be very useful for designing and verification purposes.
For all the tests carried out a clear dependence between the rain intensity and the reduction in volume and flow rate hasn't been observed.

Firstly, According to the physical means of the medical data, the data field is preprocessed to speed up succeed processing.
Although the segmentation of 3D medical data field is very difficult, it is one of the key technologies for data field processing and system analysis and understanding, and an extremely important step of data field visualization.
It can be said that the realization of 3D visualization of the medical data field is to carry on correct and reasonable segmentation[1] of the image data at first.
The clustering process is to make continuous classification of the data objects containing several attributes by the clustering algorithm automatically, and the data is cut into several classes by the identification of the data characteristics.
Therefore, the difference of adjacent data has a certain meaning while the absolute value of each data is of no importance in the data field.

At this, the project owner decides whether to grant membership and access to specific data or not.
Every project associate can access the required data in an easy way.
An application server controls data processing with integration of application services.
A database server provides back-up processes to ensure availability of data.
In other research groups forums for data transmission are already established.

The AF, PF and a similar chemistry SC sample manufactured from a twin roll caster were cold rolled to 50, 70 and 90% reduction, and annealed for various times in the temperature range 580-680 °C.
Kinetics of Recrystallization: The effect of initial microstructure on the rate of recrystallization at 640°C after 70% cold rolling is given in Fig. 3a (other reductions and temperature show similar trends).
There are a number of factors influencing the rate of recrystallization, such as original grain size, deformation microstructure, solutes, degree of cold rolling reduction and annealing temperature [8].
(b) Cumulative frequency distribution confirming log-normality of the grain size data throughout recrystallization (AF - 70% cold rolled and annealed at 640°C).
Log-normality of grain size distribution data can be readily confirmed by the linearity of plot of cumulative frequency [12].

Today, also in SMEs, IT are used to solve the problem of data exchange.
Therefore, functions are duplicated, the data is repeatedly entered manually, and it is not possible to receive the interconnected data flow.
Very often this data is defined and entered manually.
Today, the access to data managed by both the ERP and CAD/PDM is required as well.
Thus it is necessary to implement the mechanism of synchronization of the exported data.

The electrochemical and the SPR data was simultaneously collected using Nova 1.10.4 software.
When the SIS is added over the Au (WE), the AgCl reduction is not detected.
However, the oxidation peak at around 0.43 V indicates that the coupled reduction is still occurring, although is without significant diffusion to the Au (WE).
On SIS, an increase of 44 m° is observed for the AgCl reduction and a 110 m° for the Ag oxidation for the same cycles (Fig, 4 b).
Experimental data indicates that Ag diffuses through SIS only in the first potential scan.