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Application of Time-Ageing Time and Time-Temperature-Stress Equivalence to Nonlinear Creep of Polymeric Materials Rongguo ZHAO1,2,a, Wenbo LUO1,2,b, Qifu LI1, Chaozhong CHEN1 1Institute of Fundamental Mechanics and Material Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P.R.
China 2Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, P.R.
The main characteristic of mechanical behavior of viscoelastic material is its time-dependence whose essence lies in the existence of intrinsic time in the materials, which makes it possible to predict long-term mechanical behaviors using short-term creep tests.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10572123), the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, China (No.KF0502), the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Province Education Department of China (No.05C100).
Weng: European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids Vol. 21 (2002), p. 411.

Material of pipeline insulation layer is rigid polyurethane foam， its thermal conductivity is ，density is ，thermal capacity is .
Canadian Geotechnical Journal.1975.12(2):199-208
Beijing: Science Press, 2001. 59-77.
Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003, 48(6): 598- 604
Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2002, 35:1-13

Especially, silver (Ag) nanostructures have been intensively studied and widely applied in many fields, because they were found to be the most effective materials for SERS since 1974 reported by Fleischman et al[9].
Experimental Section Chemicals and Materials: Sodium chloride (NaCl), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), and R6G were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Other materials were provided by Shanghai Aladdin Chemical Reagent Company.
YCS18111007), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11847140).
Arrays of cone-shaped ZnO nanorods decorated with Ag nanoparticles as 3D surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for rapid detection of trace polychlorinated biphenyls, Advanced Functional Materials, 22 (2012) 218-224

The material of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) shows excellent performance in my research.
The influent data of the reactor [mg/L] Items OIL LAS CODcr NH3-N TN TP SS range 60-110 4-13 600~1400 15~45 28~56 3~10 50~170 1.2 Materials and method Materials: membrane modules: PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The study was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51108316) and Special Funds for Technological Innovation Projects of Tianjin (No. 08FDZDSF03200).
China environmental science press, 2002, 210-280 [3]Zheng Jianguo, Li Linbao.Research advances start up of A/O-MBR process at low temperature.
Journal of Membrane Science, 2001, 191: 31-42 [6]Shuang Z, jingguo S, ping Y, linglong H, wenqing C.

Using biomass materials as raw materials and the development of low cost carbon fibers also attracted great attention.
Whisker fillers can not only improve strength, but also improve the toughness of materials.
Experimental section Materials.
Lignin was provided by the department of materials engineering, University of British Columbia.
D: The effects of cellulose nano-whiskers on electrospun poly(lactic acid) nanofibers, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 47 (2012) No.7, p.3159

Ferromagnetic oxide of BaFe12O19 (BFH) has a hexagonal crystal structure, written as BaO. 6Fe2O3 mainly used as permanent magnet materials.
A large distribution of starting powder would increase the tendency of abnormal grain growth of microstructure and reducing the efficiency of the magnetic materials.
Jönssonnsson, ISRN Materials Science, 2012 (2012) 9
[8] E.P.Wohlfarth, Ferromagnetic Materials: A handbook on the properties of magnetically ordered substances, North-Holland Publishing Company, New York, 1980
Yaseen, College of Basic Education Researchers Journal, 1 (2011)

Generally rubber magnets materials were produced by a mixture of magnetic powder and flexible material such as rubber (PVC) with softener (EVA) [1-4].
Barium ferrite or Strontium-Barium ferrite are the most popular of magnetic powders for rubber magnetic's raw materials [5-6].
Physical Properties of Materials.
Introduction to Magnetic Materials: Philippine: Adison-Wesley Publishing Company
Journal of Polymer Testing.

Generally, material can quickly enter the bainite transformation zone and more bainite can be obtained at quenching temperature of 910 ℃.
However, the cooling rate between 600 and 400℃ is 2.1℃/s, exactly in the bainite transformation zone, resulting more bainitic microstructure in material.
Journal of Materials Process Technology,120(2002)26-29 [6]Shanyu Jiang.
[7]Zhuang Liu,Zhaoji Wu,Jingzhi Wu, et al Numerical simulation of the heat treatment process[M].Beijing, Science Press,1996
Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2009,30(2):192-194.

Determination of Coating Thickness by Crater Grounding Method Xuejiao Li, Cheng Zhanga, Na Zhang, Shuting Miao, Dongli Guo, Llianhui Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 200235, China aczhang@sit.edu.cn Keywords: coating thickness, crater grounding, section measurement Abstract: Coating thickness plays an important role in the performance of coated tools and machine parts.
Foreword In modern times, thin film materials occupy more and more important position in the field of materials science.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by Foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.11dz0501600), and Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Project No: J51504).
Journal of Materials Research, 1998, 13(22): 388-395

China 2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Forming Technology and Equipment, China Academy of Machinery Science & Technology, Beijing 100083, P.R.
Introduction Semi-solid net-shape forming technology is a material forming technique with which metal material can fill the mould cavity and solidify based on the rheological properties of the metal materials in semi-solid state under the gravity or additional pressure.
This paper take Ø80mm×100mm cylinder as the simulation product, whose material is 45# steel and mould material is H13 steel.
Xie: Analysis on heat and mass transmission (Science Press, China 2003).
Wang: Journal of Computational Mechanics, Vol. 22(2007) No. 1, pp. 100-103.