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Research on Cladding Nickel on Copper Crystallizer Using Laser Metal Deposition Technique Guang Yang1, 2, 3, a Weijun Liu 1, b Wei Wang 3, c Fei Xing1, d Fengjie Tian1, e Lanyun Qin3, f 1 Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China 3 Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Shenyang, 110134, China a yangguang@sia.cn bwjliu@sia.cn cwangw@syiae.edu.cn dxingfei@sia.cn e tianfj@sia.cn fqinly@syiae.edu.cn Key Words: LMD, Laser Cladding, Bonding interface, erosion resistance, crystallizer Abstract: To increase the strength and erosion resistance of Copper Crystallizer, the system based on Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process was proposed to clad nickel-based alloy on its surface.
Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is an advanced laser materials processing technique, which is wildly used in manufacturing, part reparation, surface modification.
Furthermore, copper exhibits a similar thermal physical property as nickel, thus Ni60A was selected as the cladding material. the powder has a mesh size of -100/+325(the particle size between 45 and 150µm).The cladding powder elements were shown in table 1.
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It can be seen from this figure that the maximum equivalent stress is 901MPa which is much smaller than the material yield limit.
The material of the frame is Q345 of which the yield limit is σs=345MPa, Elastic modulus is E=2.06×1011Pa, Poisson ratio is 0.28, material density is 7850kg/m3.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (50975146), Natural science foundation of Shandong province (2010ZR068).
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Fig. 2 The compliant polishing tool system Design of Flexible Model of the Polishing Tool The material removal model in polishing process can be described by the Preston Equation: (1) where, is material removal rate; is polishing pressure; is the relative velocity between workpiece and tool; K is a coefficient depended on the temperature in polishing process, the materials of polishing tool and abrasive, and so on, and can be considered as a constant in a certain polishing condition.
In the model, the material, elasticity modulus, the Poisson’s ratio, and the density of the polishing tool are wool felt, 0.015GPa, 0.079, and 438kg/m3, respectively.
Acknowledgement This study was supported by Natural Science Fund of Zhejiang Province, China (Y1101241), Natural Science Fund of Ningbo City(2011A610130), Scientific Research Fund of Ningbo University (XKL11D2060), Ningbo University Research Foundation for Advanced Talents.
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Huang: International Journal of Advanced Manufacture Technology, Vol. 30 (2006), pp.817-827

Fatigue damage property of cement concrete under magnesium sulfate corrosion condition Hua ZHAO1,2, a, Rui XIONG3,b and Bo-wen GUAN3,c 1 Key Laboratory of Highway Engineering in Special Region, Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi ,China 2 Jiangxi Research Institute of Communication,Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi,China 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China ajxjkyzh@163.com, b346842184@qq.com, c287218622@qq.com Keywords: Road engineering; Cement concrete; Magnesium sulfate corrosion; Corrosion damage; Fatigue damage Abstract.
Raw Material ,Test Method and Evaluation Index 1.1 Raw Materials Grade-42.5 Portland cement manufactured by Jidong Cement Company was used in this research.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2014M550476), The Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges (No.2014G1311094) and the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Open Fund for Transportation Civil Engineering Materials(No.LHSYS-2013-003).
Sulfate Corrosion Life of Cement Concrete under Fatigue Load, Journal of Building Materials, 15(3),pp.401-404
Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 35(4),pp.504-508.

Later on the resulting nanoadditive can be used to modify binders or other materials Introduction Problem Statement.
Later on this nanoadditive can be used to modify binders or other materials.
Building Materials and Products, 1, 3-6
Modern Trends in the Development and Production of Silicate Materials, 93-95
Construction, material science, mechanical engineering.

Using new technologies to produce green materials has become an attractive topic for researchers in the field of material science and engineering [2].
The utilization of OPEFBs has attracted a great deal of interest as a reinforcing agent in composite materials.
Materials & Design, 2015. 65: p. 823-830
Hassan, et al., A review on oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials.
Journal of Materials Science, 2009. 45(1): p. 1-33

Here the manufacturing process is the science of transforming raw materials from one shape to the other.
When manufacturing with composite materials, heat and pressure are applied to transform the raw material into the final shape using the different manufacturing process.
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It will become the essential materials in modern industry, civil defense construction and modern high technique[1].
However, the content of lithium is still low in high concentration seawater after water desalination, and, the adsorption method is considered as the most promising scheme because of extremely high selectively for Li+ and environmentally friendly effect exhibited by some inorganic sieve materials[5-7].
The colloidal crystal templates for 3DOM materials originate from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
The samples can be used as a separate lithium-ion exchange materials.
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Several studies were conducted to develop biodegradable packaging material, such as the used of starch as a biodegradable packaging material.
Experiments 2.1 Materials Clay used was organo layer silicate (OLS) cloisite 20A from Southern Clay that had been treated with glycerol monostearate (GMS).
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