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Evaluation of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles (BiONPs) as a Potential Contrast Agent in Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging Muhammad Hafiqrul Zuhair Husri1,a, Suffian Mohamad Tajudin1,b, Juliana Mohd Radzi1,c, Nurul Syazwina Mohamed1,d, Wan Nordiana Wan Abdul Rahman2,e, Khairunisak Abdul Razak3,f, Nur Hamizah Mohd Zainudin1,g* 1School of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 3School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia ahafiqrulz@gmail.com, bsuffian@unisza.edu.my, cjulianamradzi@unisza.edu.my, dnurulsyazwina@unisza.edu.my, ewnordiana@ukm.edu.my, fkhairunisak@usm.my, gnurhamizahmz@unisza.edu.my Keywords: Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles; Iodine Contrast Agent; Image Contrast
Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology 2017;06:2–10. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-8777.1000222
Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 2019;25:79–85. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0011
Chemical Engineering Journal 2019;375:122000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122000
Chemistry of Materials 2014;26:2266–74. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm500077z

Shen: Diamond and Related Material, Vol.8 (1999) No.4, pp.211
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Liu and et al: Journal of University of Science and Technology.
Zuo and et al: Journal of Applied Science, Vol.21 (2003) No.4, pp.423
Zhong and et al: Journal of University of Science and Technology.

Thermoelectric refrigeration is achieved when a direct current is passed through one or more pairs of n- and p-type semiconductor materials.
The TEC operates by the Peltier effect, which induces a temperature difference when an electrical current flows through a junction of dissimilar materials.
The usefulness of thermoelectric materials for refrigeration is often characterized by the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT [1,7].
In the selection of a suitable TEC, the designs of the heat spreader and heat sink together with the interface materials could be crucial.
Yilmaz, “Design of a thermoelectric module test system using a novel test method,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46 (2007) 717–725

Introduction The study and research of the mechanical properties of different materials occupies an essential position in many engineering and industrial applications.
This technology has been widely used in industry to detect the surface condition of metallic materials and obtain relative mechanical properties of coatings [1-5].
The previous work shows that the thermal effect of laser-skin interaction is subject to the thermal properties of tested materials and the parameters of laser pulses including the energy, shape, pulse duration and focus spot [6].
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 95 (2004), p2116-p2122. 2.
Applied Surface Science (2009). p3-p10 6.

Fig. 1a Fig. 1b Fig. 1c Fig. 1d Fig. 1e Fig. 1f Fig.1 Three-dimensional simulation models Material properties and geometrical characteristics Material properties have nothing to do with the geometric model of the constitutive property, such as Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, density etc.
Although the material properties are not associated with the element type together, calculation unit matrix need the material characteristic, the material properties of plate anchor and soil are shown in table 2.
Table 2 Material properties table Material density Elasticity modulus Poisson ratio VLA 7800(kg/m3) 2.06×1011(N/m2) 0.3 Surrounding soil 642(kg/m3） 1000 Su ( N/m2) 0.49 Boundary Conditions For the two adjoining surface of the anchor plate, the displacement on the xoy plane is 0 for the z direction, the displacement on the yoz plane is 0 for the x direction, the displacement of the rest of surfaces are 0 for the x, y, z direction.
Yu, Three-Dimensional Lower Bound Solutions for Stability of Plate Anchors in Clay, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 129, No.3, (2003), pp. 243-252
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 5, No.4, (2005), pp. 225-244

The research is based on the pre-design of the coating system, in which it is assumed that material refractive index is constant, and the coating thickness is determined according to this assumption.
In fact, in order to obtain design results of multilayer coating system in the experiment, the premise is that required refractive index of each used coating material can be precisely determined, which puts forward an important issue for coating process: when the coating materials are chosen, the process parameters must maintain steady to ensure stable and repeated refractive index of coating material[2, 3, 4, 5].
Rozhina, Silicon solar cells with antireflection diamond-like carbon and silicon carbide films, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. 72(2002) 597-603
Schioppa, Growth, characterization and optical properties of nanocrystalline gadolinia thin films prepared by sol-gel dip coating, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 41(2008) 225408(9pp) [3] W.H.
Wu, Design and Analysis of Anti-Reflection Coating for Solar Cells, Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Science Edition)., 10(2004) 39-42

However, these treatments may increases or decrease the resistance against thermal cracking under different conditions as compared to untreated materials [1,3,4,5,6].
There are different methods to assess the thermal fatigue performance of materials, such as comparison between the crack network of the samples with the reference charts [8] and comparison of crack dimension parameters by measuring [6].
Acknowledgments The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51175293.
Journal of materials processing technology. 153-154 (2004) 1089-1096
Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition), 2003, 7(1): 87-92

Tooth surface metal materials electrical erosion occurs in the period of contact time of the cathode tooth surface and anode tooth surface when the oil medium was break down.
When the tooth surface of metal materials is in process of superheated liquid metal explosive gasification, the molten metal is cast out from tooth surface.
Gear materials and parameters The material of the small and medium gear is AISI4340, which is equivalent to the 40CrNiMo of our country.
International Journal of Fatigue, 2014(59):224-233
[5] He zhen，Hu Gaoju Qin Shaobo.Gear electrical erosion simulation experiment [J].Journal of chongqing institute of technology ，2001, 15(5):1-4

Azline3,f 1Dept of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 2Dept of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management Science International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Sanden Air-con Marketing (Malaysia), Hicom Glenmarie Indus.Park, Shah Alam, Malaysia amustafizul@iium.edu.my, bazimjaafar@gmail.com, cakramabdullah27@gmail.com, dmahbubuap@yahoo.com, emmyali@iium.edu.my, famyazline@yahoo.com Keywords: Value stream mapping, Metal stamping, Cycle time, Line balancing efficiency Abstract.
An important priority of the lean strategy pertains to value stream mapping (VSM), which shows all the steps – both value-adding and non-value adding – needed to produce a product, right from the procurement of the raw materials from the suppliers to its manufacturing on the production floor and to its ultimate delivery to the customers [3].
VSM basically provides a pictorial view of the current state of the flows of materials as well as information and the recommended future state of these flows with a view to improving the productivity and performance of a company [4-5].
T., Xiaofei, X., and Dechen, Z. (2004), “A decision support system for supplier selection process”, International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 453-470
[3] Hines, P., and Rich, N. (1997), “The seven value stream mapping tools”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 17, pp. 46-64

Numerical model and material parameters Finite element model .
Material parameters.
(1) In the formula, P is the detonation pressure; V is the relative volume; E is internal energy of per unit volume; ω, A, B, R1, R2 are material parameter.
Yellow River ice characteristics and control measures[J], Academic Journal Of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, 2010,31(6):27-29
A new explore of Yellow River ice flood control mitigation programs[J], Academic Journal Of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, 2012,33(2):50-52