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In this equation, only C10 and D1 are the unknown material parameters.
The tissue is assumed incompressible material, so the Poisson’s ratio value of tissue is 0.499.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by Graduate Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (GIIFSDU, NO. yzc09062) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (No.
The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery(2007), p.140-148
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 2006) [7] B.M.Ahn and J.Kim: Investigating the needle dynamic response during insertion into soft tissue.

Materials and Methods Geometry of the Knee Joint In this preliminary study, a geometrical model of the knee joint was finalized from native Solid Works CAD3D commercial software.
External load applied on finite element model As known material properties of bones are varied with age, weight and gender thus the model will be assumed to be linear isotropic material [7].
In this study, material properties were introduced from the interesting paper as shown in Table 2.
“A finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study ofTibio-Femoral Contact” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering.vol.124, June 2002.pp.273-280
Y.“3-D Finite Element Method Modeling and Contact Pressure Analysis of the Total Knee Joint in Flexion”Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). 2009.pp1-3

Band-like materials bonded by severe plastic working on raw powder are output from the compactor, and are fractured to arrange their shape and size by the roller granulator at room temperature.
In addition, the anodic polarization curves of powder extruded materials are more polarized than that of I/M material.
Furthermore, anodic polarization curves of powder extruded materials are more polarized when the number of pass cycles increase.
Wang: Corrosion Science Vol. 48 (2006), p. 1249 [3] K.
Kamado: Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals (2006), p. 166 [6] S.

Introduction Alumina forming alloys are the structural materials useful in high-temperature, oxidizing processes, because on their surface the protective oxide layer formed.
Methods and Materials The sulphidation processes were carried out at temperatures 800-1000o C in H2/H2S atmospheres at sulphur vapor pressures: pS2=10-2,10 -3 and 10 -4 Pa.
The material used in this study was Fe20Cr6AlY,Hf steel, 0,06 cm thick.
References ________________________ [1] Pills M.F., Ramanathan L.V., Materiale Research, Vol. 7, (2004) 97-102 [2] Strafford K.N., Datta P.K., Corrosion Science, Vol. 35 (1993) 1053-1063 [3] Mrowec S., Oxidation of Metals, Vol. 44, (1995) 177-209 [4] śurek Z., Jedliński J., Kowalski K., Kolarik V., Engel W., Musil J., Journal of Materials Science 35 (2000) 685-692 [5] śurek Z, Journal of Thermal Analysis, Vol. 39 (1993) 15-20

Timber is one of the most used materials for roofing of ice arena because of its very good mechanical properties and low weight.
Introduction Timber is one of two most often used materials for the load-bearing structures of ice arena roofs.
In highly emissive materials, the surface temperature can drop below the dew point temperature of the air even at internal air humidity around 75%.
This was achieved by creating our own 2D numerical model based on differential equations for heat and moisture transfer (1) in solid substances with the orthotripic character of material properties.
A 3D transient nonlinear modelling of coupled heat, mass and deformation fields in anisotropic material, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55 (2012) 17-18

Fiber-reinforced concrete is a sort of composite material based on concrete, which is used widely in bridge, road surface and buildings and other civil engineering with the advantage of strengthen[2] , toughness, cracks resistance,shock resistance. [3,4] However,there is seldom study on the fiber-reinforced concrete used in tunnel ling sesmic resistance,so it is necessarily to study FRC sesmic behaviour applicated in tunnel ling sesmic resistance.
Mix match cellulose fiber PF-2000 Test material include Harbin silicate cement P032.5, normal water standard sand and fiber.
(4)Fiber concrete lining strain-time curve is sawtooth partly.And it’s vibration reponse is a little lagger than that of plain concrete.It indicats that kinematic velocity of concrete granule is decreased and sesmic energe is absorbed by fiber cohesive force,then frequence amplitude can be reduced.So fiber concrete can be proved as a fine anti-seismic material.
Acknowlegements This study is founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC (No.51078319) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities（SWJTU11ZT33） References [1] Tianbin LI Tianbin.Failure Characteristics and Influence Factor Analysis Of Mountain Tunnels UNNELS at Epicenter Zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake(in chinese), Journal of Engineering Geology2008,vol 16:742-750
Performance of Cellulose Fiber Concrete and Application in Secondary Lining Journal of the China Railway Society(in chinese), 2012,vol 34:103-107 [3] BOGHOSSIAN E,WEGNER L D.

Ti3Al based alloys are light and high-temperature materials, having potential wide applications in the aerospace and the aeronautical industries.
Ti3Al-based alloys are becoming the alloys which are rapidly developing in the field of aerospace materials in recent years.
Therefore, investment casting technology has high demands on the stability of the molding materials.
References [1] H A Lipsitt: Titanium Aluminides-Future Turbine Materials.
Journal of iron and steel research, suppl. 1(1997.9), 32~37

Speer, Quenching and partitioning martensite - A novel steel heat treatment, Materials Science & Engineering A 438–440 (2006) 25–34
Mašek, Effect of Quenching and Partitioning Temperatures in the Q-P Process on the Properties of AHSS with Various Amounts of Manganese and Silicon, Materials Science Forum 706-709 (2012) 2734-2739
Klaubeová, The Effect of Mn and Si on the Properties of Advanced High Strength Steels Processed by Quenching and Partitioning, Materials Science Forum 654-656 (2010) 94-97
Edmonds, The Quenching and Partitioning Process: Background and Recent Progress, Materials Research 8, 4 (2005) 417–423
Zhao, Comparative study on microstructure and mechanical properties of a C-Mn-Si steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q & P) processes after a full and intercritical austenitization, Materials Science & Engineering A 684 (2017) 261–269

Although extensive research has been conducted on ISF applied to metallic materials, polymeric materials have also emerged as highly relevant in the medical field.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 162-163, 156–162. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.148
Rapid Prototyping Journal 24, pp. 120–129
Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, pp. 771–780
Science and Engng. 1-30

Materials and Methods The pollution data of this text employs the daily average value of API provided by the Environmental Monitoring Station of Chongqing.
With the analysis on the large-scale meteorological condition during these two times of pollution by employing the meteorological materials for analysis, the author aims to carry out researches on the issue as how the pollutants emission and the meteorological conditions pose impacts on the air quality.
Journal of the Central University for Nationalities (Natural Science Edition), 2012.21(1):P22-27
Heilongjiang Environment Journal, 2007.4:P60-61,68 [5] Hong Shengmao, He Jiao, Qi Guowei, et, al.
The Variation Characteristics of the Air Quality during the Spring Festival of Hangzhou Downtown, Meteorological Science and Technology, 2003.31(6):P340-344 [1] Dj.M.