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The reduction of vehicle hardware and the entire system weight are not the only motivational factors contributing to the development of a Brake-by-Wire system.
A major deficiency of this solution is generated by structural planetary reduction gear, which by the component of it requires multiple tolerances for gearing and rolling.
The reduction of vehicle hardware and simplified control of various functions, offered in cooperation with the braking system, allow fast setup software platform.
Most changes in the software and data aquisition can be implemented and tested without having test drives.
A computer data acquisition board serves as online measurement system.

Table 1-5 Resistance to the Salt Corrosion of LNAP Mix Specimen Pull strength before immersing [Mpa] Pull strength after immersing [Mpa] Ratio of pull strength [%] Requirement[%] 1 0.79 0.88 107 >100 2 0.86 0.90 Average 0.83 0.89 2 Noise Reduction in Lab Research of LNAP Mix In order to verify the noise reduction property of LNAP mix, the acoustics performance tests including damping testing and standing wave test is used to analysis noise reduction property in lab of LNAP mix. 2.1.
Damping Test To measure the vibration and noise reduction, damping is the capacity unit of dissipating vibration energy, that is to change the mechanical and sonic vibration energy to the heat or other easily dissipation energy and achieve the noise reduction.
The test result in Table 2-1 shows that the damping ratio of rubber asphalt LNAP mixture is higher than modified asphalt, and it verify asphalt rubber advantage in the noise reduction.
The performance data in field of LNAP test trial is acceptable.After one year, the test trial has good performance which it has no damage in the surface and has good surface drainage in the rain day. 3.2 Traffic Noise Measuring Test in field Traffic noise measuring test is used to measure the total noise including the vehicle noise, tire-pavement noise, and environmental noise.
Noise reduction and environmental protection asphalt technology research, Jiangsu transportation science and technology program, 2008

Because of scarcity of data in rural areas, the calculation on health impacts is limited to cities in China.
For illustration of the potential reduction of mortality due to reducing PM10 from vehicle, we assume the reductions are homogeneous and the heath impacts can be calculated based on the daily average level.
Due to the air pollution reduction by fuel tax, the E turns into E’ as well as fp’ and RR’.
Thus, we set 5 different gradient of PM10 reduction scenarios: 2.5µg/m3，5µg/m3，7.5µg/m3，10µg/m3，12.5µg/m3.
The reductions in mortality under different reduction scenarios in Beijing, presented in Table 2, can be evaluated from100 to 510 pre-death to be prevented, which equals from 43 Million to 222 Million Yuan in monetary terms.

Reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) that contribute to global climate change and to local air quality is one of the major advantages of RES utilization.
LEAP can run under Windows environment and tree structure of input data is adopted, two kinds of output types including table and figure can describe the model results and the output data can be easily selected according to the users’ demand.
The best advantage of LEAP software is that the users can easily regulate the model structure and data framework according to the project’s demand and the future tendency by using the way of ‘‘what if’’.
With the environmental data base, LEAP can assess the pollution resulting from each stage of the fuel chain, including the reduction in airborne pollutant emissions from extraction, processing, distribution, and combustion activities that might result from more efficient use of electricity or other fuels.
Moreover, the reduction of CO2 eq. emissions in year 2020 in the HPS scenario is almost 40%, compared to 2020-20 scenario.

The effect of gel on the reduction of aqueous-phase permeability is taken into consideration through thepermeability reduction factor which is defined as the ratio of effective permeability of water to gel.
(1) whereis the maximumpermeability reduction factor, the gel concentration in aqueous phase, and andthe input parameters.
Fig. 2 shows the capillary pressure curve computed with the data of Table 2.
Results and Discussion Performance of gel treatment was described by comparing water-oil ratio, cumulative oil recovery and permeability reduction factor for gel treatment with those of waterflood.
Figs. 4(a) and (b) show permeability reduction factor for high permeability layer at 500 days.

Experimental Procedure In this study, various noble metal oxides reduction behavior was investigated by several methods.
In Thermogravimetry / differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) data for the Ag2O, weight change (from 160°C to 240°C) represents a reaction with a corresponding decrease in weight.
Ultrasonic irradiation should play an important role in the reduction of noble metal oxides.
It is considered that hot spot reaction represents the directly reduction.
The reduction of metal oxide was induced by hot spot formed from ultrasonic cavitation and alcohol.

The threshold deformation for the bond formation was reported to be a height reduction of 35 % at 350 °C.
Metallographic results showed cracks in the aluminum layers for height reduction above 50 %.
According to the data a temperature difference of 375 °C was reached during 10 s of cooling which is in good agreement with the prediction given in Fig. 4c).
For 13.5% of reduction an elongation of the cooling time from 7 to 10 s did not result in any advantage regarding the excess length.
A reduction of the length difference of 8 mm (= 26%) was achieved by the cooling procedure.

Finally, a new model was developed and implemented into the existing AOD process model for slag reduction with slag droplets.
Equilibrium constants can be extracted from literature data, while the activities of species are calculated based on solution models, leaving the reaction rate constant kf as the only unknown in the rate equations.
The validation results showed that the end composition of the steel bath after the reduction of slag was well-predicted by the model.
Fabritius: A mathematical model for the reduction stage of the AOD process.
Fabritius: A mathematical model for the reduction stage of the AOD process.

It can easily making base surface figure, data point bitmap, classification data figure, contour mapping, line block diagram, terrain landform figure, trend figure, vector figure and 3Dcurve figure; and provides 11 species data network grid methods, which are all popular calculation methods of data statistics.
Firstly, the raw data file with corresponding data format (normally the text file format as three columns of data, respectively X-Y-Z),Z stands for the value of points (x,y), in which the first column is X coordinate and the second column is Y coordinates, the third column is Z value on (x,y).And then convert to the data file as *.grd file format which is read able for Surfer to draw the contours.
The plane grid data file (XYZ format data files) is gained by using the noise distribution software.
The gridding is an interpolation methods of interpolate and encrypt data from sparse, irregular distributed data into regular distributed one which fits the drawing needs.
Surfer offers 11 ways of data gridding, Kriging method is applied within this paper.

Performance analysis of Photo Voltaic Trombe Wall for Tropical climate Kashif Irshad1a, Khairul Habib1b, Nagarajan Thirumalaiswamy1c and Anas Elrayah Ahmed Elmahdi1d 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia aalig.kashif@gmail.com, bkhairul.habib@petronas.com.my cnagarajan_t@petronas.com.my danoos86@gmail.com Keywords: Photo Voltaic Trombe wall, Glazing type, Indoor Temperature, PV efficiency Abstract.The present study examines the performance of a single zone building integrated with PV Trombe wall(PV-TW) in term of thermal load reduction and electrical energy production by varying PV Glazing types (i.e.
By comparing the results of all three types of glazing it is found that PV Double glazing filled with argon shows significant reduction in mean air duct temperature, hence reduces the PV cell temperature and increases power production of PV panel.
Once the model is calibrated, it is possible to generalize the results running the calculation for a whole year and setting standard input data for the model.
Also Double glass PV panel shows significant result but its effect on room temperature reduction is 13% percent less as compared to Double glass filled with Argon PV panel.
It is found that Double glass filled with argon PV-TW shows significant results in term of thermal load reduction and power production.