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Electrochemical test results show that the addition of rare earths can reduce the degree of the plating solution’s polarization, accelerate the electrode reaction speed, increase the alloy reduction capacity, promote alloy’s co-deposition, and improve the bonding strength between alloy layer and substrate, thus the peeling strength between ultra-thin copper foil and carrier is enhanced.
Electrochemical workstation software of AUTOLAB and Origin7.0 are used in data processing.
It can be seen from Figure 2, curve 1 has two smaller peaks at -0.389V and -0.645V, curve 2 has two larger reduction peaks at -0.359V and -0.622V, and two reduction peaks of curve 2 have a little more positive potential shift compared to curve 1.
This fully shows that the addition of rare earth decreases the reduction potential of H-G alloy plating solution, increases the reduction capacity and promotes the alloy deposition speed.
(3)The electrochemical testing results show that the addition of rare earth elements in alloy plating bath can promote the alloy deposition on the carrier foil surface, improve the crystal nucleus formation rate and the metal’s reduction capacity and accelerate the alloy deposition rate.

Cylindrical workpieces were deformed into stepped shafts with cross-sectional area reductions of 35, 52.73 and 75%.
Additionally, the numerical results have good agreement with the experimental data.
That is why the errors in springback are reduced with the decreasing grain size of copper work pieces after MCWR of the same cross sectional area reduction.
Consequently, the MCWR work pieces sprangback more significantly when the area reduction increased.
Influence of cross-sectional area reduction on springback. 5.

Introduction To encounter the global warming and CO2 emission problems, save energy and resources, higher fuel efficiency and weight reduction have been intensively demanded for energy related machines, automobiles, trains, airplanes, etc.
From the viewpoints of weight reduction and higher fuel efficiency, application of magnesium alloys as structural materials would be one of the most promising ways.
the empirical creep data from the tests under a constant engineering stress.
Therefore, the difference of creep curves between under tensile and compressive loadings would not only result from the reduction of cross sectional area during tensile loading, but also would be induced by the difference of creep deformation mechanism.
The estimation method of creep curve under a constant true stress was proposed by considering the reduction of cross sectional area in tensile loading.

Secondly, we design the system from three aspects including the process design, data management and indexes evaluation, respectively.
Second one is the data management.
We use SQL SERVER 2005 database system as data support.
Assess of the process and task node Real-time assessment of the current task node is allowed in the task implementation process to provide guidance for the next phase of task orientation. 5．Data and Information Management To store tasks, equipments, processes, task nodes, etc.
We use Microsoft Visual Studio as the programming environment, and the SQL SERVER 2005 database system as data support.

The measures were designed based on available statistical data from 2012.
The extent of pollution reduction is a measure of the effectiveness of treatment devices as it determines what part of the pollutant introduced into the device is stopped in it.
It is likely caused by the fact that these sectors, in comparison to others, use huge quantities of water for production and have low effectiveness in the reduction of gaseous pollution.
Yet it is worth noting that in comparison to other sectors, the construction sector had the highest level of recycling in 2012 and the highest level of particulate air pollution reduction in 2004.
It is also characterized by a high level of gaseous pollution reduction, low percentage of landfilling of generated waste and low consumption of water for production purposes.

A single cylinder, four stroke, constant speed, variable compression ratio, direct injection diesel engine developing 5KW power with provision for computerized data acquisition is used to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics.
Senthil Kumar et al. [6] also detected a reduction in smoke, HC and CO emissions with the introduction of hydrogen.
Data acquisition systems interface the signals from the transducers and computer for online measurement of exhaust gas temperature, cooling water and calorimeter water inlet and outlet temperature and load on the engine.
As the percentage of biodiesel was increased in the fuel there was a further reduction in the smoke emissions.
The inbuilt oxygen in the biodiesel may be responsible for this reduction.

The data sheet of RD-1097-01 damper is presented in Tab. 1 [10].
Although no data for the system with MR damper model is presented here, MR damper was considered within the whole scope of the development process.
As a separate publication, simulation data obtained thanks to embedding MR damper model within the Comsol-Simulink application, will be presented.
After completing the laboratory test rig and setting it in motion, thorough tests are expected to deliver more data for identification and control analyses.
[7] Kciuk S., Martynowicz P.: Special application magnetorheological valve numerical and experimental analysis, Diffusion and Defect Data – Solid State Data.

Rockfall impact signal and noise clearing Rockfall impact signal is shown in Figure1,2.Because of interference from external and internal equipment, there will produce some useless noise mixed with the signal in the acquisition.Therefore,in order to make the test data more reliable, the collected signal must clear the noise, in this article,we use the wavelets theory to clear the noise from the test data.
The basic principle of wavelet noise clearing is:length N of the signal is disturbed by the noise, the measured data with noise is ; therefore the fundamental purpose of filtering noise from the noisy data X is to get an approximate signal from the signal, makes is optimal approximation under certain error estimates, that is to get the real signal.Signal without noise is shown in Figure 4, Ratio of signal and noise can be used to evaluate the wavelet noise clearing.
Ratio of signal and noise is a traditional method of measure the amount of noise, often used as evaluation index of the effect of noise reduction ,units is decibel(dB) ,and is defined as follows: （1） （2） Among them, is the power of true signal; is the power of noise; is the original signal; is the estimate signal after the wavelet noise reduction.
Ratio of signal and noise after the noise reduction is larger,the effect is better .
Since the true size of the signal is unknown in this article, we can only use the original signal to estimate the parameter of noise reduction.

Simulation results demonstrated that an improved channel estimation performance is obtained due to the reduction of signal space.
In order to coherently detect the transmitted data symbols, an OFDM receiver requires reliable estimation of the channel frequency response (CFR) for data subcarriers [1].
In a pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation system, pilot symbols can be inserted periodically into data stream in the frequency domain and channel estimation is performed by discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based technique, which is known as an effective method due to the fact that it provides similar performance as well as lower computational complexity compared to frequency domain linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) [2], [3].
For conventional DFT-based channel estimation method, the channel impulse response (CIR) of the mth OFDM symbol can be estimated through (6) and the estimates of CFRs are then given by (7) where is the lth path gain sample during the mth OFDM symbol and is an matrix with entries (8) is a DFT matrix retaining only the first G columns, namely (9) It should be noted that noise reduction may be performed on the fact that the channel impulse response has at most G paths, and thus all the other samples correspond to noise.
The main simulation parameters for an OFDM system with QPSK modulation are chosen as follows: the sampling frequency is 5MHz, the carrier frequency is 2.4GHz, the number of subcarriers N is 256, the cyclic prefix G takes the value of 32 and M = 32 pilot symbols are uniformly inserted into the data stream in the frequency domain.

The experimental results demonstrated that the overall efficiency of the conventional cyclone was similar to that of the proposed device, with the latter displaying a reduction in pressure drop.
The substitution of a filtering medium for the metallic conical part can cause a reduction in the pressure drop of the cyclone (∆P), allowing the air to pass through the cloth as shown in Fig. 2 [2].
Empirical equations fitted to the experimental data are proposed for predicting the efficiency of separation and Euller numbers as a function of the investigated variables.
The correlation coefficients of Eq. 5, 6, 7 and 8 indicate respectively that 97.7; 98.1; 97.0 and 98.1% of the variability of experimental data can be predicted by these equations.
G., Hunter, J.S, "Statistics for Experiments: An Introdudion to Design, Data Analysis and Model Building", John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1978), p. 654.1 Fig.10 - Response surface for Euller number as a function of Zc and Do.