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It shows potential to be used as an industrial process for production of ultrafine grained materials.
Segal, Equal Channel Angular Extrusion: from Macromechanics to Structure Formation, Materials Science and Engineering A271 (1999), pp. 322-333. 5.
Semiatin, Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V via Equal Channel Angular Extrusion, Ultrafine Grained Materials II, (Eds: Y.T.
%Fe Alloy Processed by ECAP with Backpressure, Materials Science & Engineering: A, Vol. 357, Issues 1-2, pp. 159-167, 2003. 11.
Agnew, S.R., Vinogradov, A.Y., Hashimoto, S., Weertman, J.R., "Overview of Fatigue Performance of Cu Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation," Journal of Electronic Materials, 28: 1038-1044, 1999. 13.

The tooling material was tool steel (SKD11).
Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan (Grant No.
Chan, Geometry and grain size effects on the fracture behavior of sheet metal in micro-scale plastic deformation, Materials & Design. 32 (2011) 4738-4746
Wang, Multivariable analysis of micro shearing process customized for progressive forming of micro-parts, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 93 (2015) 191-203
Chan, Micro-scaled progressive forming of bulk micropart via directly using sheet metals, Materials & Design. 49 (2013) 774-783.

Anode Buffer for Organic devices Composed of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by Arc Plasma Deposition Dan Wang1, Noriaki Yukitake2 and Katsuhiko Fujita1,2,3,a 1 Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan 2 Department of Energy Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan 3 Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan acorresponding author :katsuf@asem.kyushu-u.ac.jp Keywords: organic electronics, organic solar cell, anode buffer, hole injection, ark plasma gun Abstract.
When the arc discharge takes place between gold cathode and trigger electrode in the gun, the cathode material is released as plasma.
Since HPS itself is an insulating material, the HODs with HPS layer showed very low current level when the UV-ozone treatment time was too short.
The ability of AuNPs as anode buffer materials looks independent on the preparation method.
Muraue, ULVAC Technical Journal, 65 (2006)

Introduction In the past decade, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been one of the most studied materials because it has been examined extensively for electronics, sensors, batteries and solar cell [1-3] applications such as gas sensing [4] and in heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cells [5].
Grimes, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells Vol. 90 (2006), p. 2011 [6] H.Y.
Zhang, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Vol. 119 (2009), p. 75 [7] C.S.
Acta Vol. 56 (2011), p. 8962 [9] Y.Xie, Y.Jin, Y.Zhou, Y.Wang, Applied Surface Science Vol. 313 (2014) p.549–557 [10] G.D.
Dickey, Journal of Materials Research Vol. 16 (2001), p. 3331-3334 [14] Macak JM, Tsuchiya H, Taveira L, et al.

They can be used such as wound dressing [1], materials for drug delivery system [2], electrically conductive nanofibers [3], nanofiber composites [4] or materials for filtration [5].
In this process, two liquid materials are delivered independently through a special coaxial capillary, i.e. spinneret.
Different kinds of materials can be successfully electrospun by this special technology.
These aspects bring heavy demands on the feasibility of materials and manufacturing processes.
Greiner, Compound core-shell polymer nanofibers by co-electrospinning, Advanced Materials, Vol. 15, 2003, 1929-1932

Brooks 1 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. 2Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA a peterwh@ornl.gov, bgwang@utk.edu, cpliaw@utk.edu, dliuct@ornl.gov Keywords: Amorphous alloys, Bulk-metallic glass, Fatigue behavior, Surface roughness.
A general observation is that the reduction is greater for the materials with higher tensile strengths.
Liaw: Advanced Materials Vol. 18 (2006), p. 752
Liaw: Journal of Materials Research Vol. 21 (2006), p. 2164
Inoue: Materials Transactions JIM Vol. 47 (2006), p. 1286

The relationship can be expressed as follows [3]: （3） where Jc0 and B0 are constants according to the material.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.50977092), Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program (2011GB112004).
Emmens, A fast algorithm for calculating the critical state in superconductors, Compel-the International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 20 (2001) 240-252
Coombs, Numerical solution of critical state in superconductivity by finite element software, Superconductor Science & Technology, 19 (2006) 1246-1252
Guorong, Comparative studies on dynamic behavior of superconducting levitation system with consideration of flux creep, Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 24 (2007) 403-406

Moreover, difficult to obtain significant information such as the chip formation in the workpiece materials for mechanism analysis.
Lawes, "Microstructural Characterization of Rapidly Solidified Al-High Si Alloys," in Advanced Materials Research, 2011, pp. 1545-1551
Krishnamurthy, "Rapid solidification of lightweight metal alloys," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 117, pp. 19-32, 1989
Huang, "Sample size and orientation effects of single crystal aluminum," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 662, pp. 296-302, 2016
Lakes, "Materials with structural hierarchy," Nature, vol. 361, pp. 511-515, 1993

The middle padding not only eliminated the organic material but also sludge retention.
The microorganisms in contact oxidation tank degrade organic materials of the sewage in the aerobic condition, reducing BOD5 and CODcr [2].
The process of enhanced coagulation →fiber sand filtration is the least cost one to treat wastewater with organic materials and salinity.
References [1] ZhengWei Xiong, ChunNing Chen, HuaShanYuan, ShengBing Chen: Journal of NanhuaUniversity (Science and Technology) Vol. 17 (2003), p. 21 - 24, in Chinese
[3] Xiaoying Zheng , Jia Shun Cao, Huimin Wang: Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences) Vol. 33(2005) , p.52-54, in Chinese

Mustafa Al Bakri1, 3, c 1 Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CeGeoGTech), School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.
Box 77, d/a Pejabat Pos Besar, 01000 Kangar, Perlis Malaysia. 2 School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2, Taman Muhibbah 02600 Arau, Perlis Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Engineering Technology (FETech), School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.
[2] Velasco J I, De Saja J A, Martinez A B 1996 Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene filled with Surface-modified Talc Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61, 125-132
[6] Heah C Y, Kamarudin H, Mustafa Al-Bakri A M, Luqman M, Khairul Nizar I, Liew Y M 2011 Potential Application of Kaolin Without Calcine as Greener Concrete: A Review Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(7); 1026-1035 [7] Saikia B J and Parthasarathy G 2010 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Kaolinite from Assam and Meghalaya, Northeastern India J.
[14] Zhao S, Qiu S, Zheng Y, Cheng L, Guo Y 2011 Synthesis and Characterization of Kaolin with Polystyrene via in-situ Polymerization and Their Application on Polypropylene Materials and Design 32, 957-963