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Effects of Substrate Temperature on Structure and Optical Property of Cu2O:N Thin Film Deposited by Reactive Pulse Magnetron Sputtering Xingfa Zi 1,2,a, Wen Yang 2, Pengzhi Yang 2 , Ruiming Liu1 and Xinzhu Shu1 1School of Physical and Electronic Science, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong 675000, China 2Yunnan Normal University, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Materials Advanced Technology and Manufacturing of Ministry of Education，Kunming 650092, China aemail: zxf@cxtc.edu.cn Keywords: Cu2O thin film; Pulse magnetron sputtering; Substrate temperature; Structure Abstract.
Moreover, the optical band gap Eg of thin film was in the range 2.54-2.58eV, and slightly decreased with increasing of substrate temperatures from RT to 400℃． 1 Introduction Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a direct-gap semiconductor with a band gap energy of 2.17 eV and spontaneously shows p-type conductivity.Cu2O has been regarded as one of the most promising materials for application in photovoltaic cells because of its high absorption coefficient, nontoxicity, and low-cost producibility[1-3].
Nitrogen is widely accepted as a nontoxic, low-cost, and easily available material, and can be regarded as an acceptor-type dopant in Cu2O films if it is substitutionally incorporated into the O lattice sites[8].
K, Omayio O and Waita S.M. : International Journal of Advanced Renewable Energy Research Vol. 1-8 (2012), p. 474-480 [5] Nishi Y, Miyata T and Minami T: J.
Uthanna: Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 48(2010), p. 420- 424 [8] B.B.

Materials and Methods: The construction and theory of the system are detailed in the following.
By using anticorrosive materials, the device can keep in trouble-free operation for 99 hours without intermission.
By adopting materials with high biocompatibility and bigger culture dish to contain more culture media than other types, the cells could grow well with high viability.
Brown: Journal of Biomechanics Vol. 33 (2000) p3-14
Goodship: Journal of Biomechanics Vol. 36 (2003) p1497-502 [9] D.A.

It is favorable toward promoting the material plastic and improves the ductility and energy dissipation capacity.
Journal of Structural Engineering. 2004, 130 (2): 271-284
Journal of Structural Engineering. 1979, 105(4): 283-296
Development of seismic strengthening and retrofit strategies for critical facilities using engineered cementitious composite materials [D].
Journal of Building Structures, 2009, 30(1): 41-47.

In this study, materials for the tubesheet, shell and tubes are respectively 16Mn (low alloy steel), 16MnR (low alloy steel) and No. 20 steel (low carbon steel).
These materials are most commonly used to construct heat exchangers in China and their Young's moduli are 2.0×10 11Pa for 16Mn and 16MnR and 1.92×1011Pa for No. 20 steel and all materials' Poisson's ratio is 0.3.
[7] Guihong Wang, Ningfeng Wand, The discussion on the design of the double barrel panels heat interchanger, Journal of Qinghai University Nature Science, 2006, 24(5): 10-13 (in Chinese)
Internation Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2004, 81:563-567
Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2009,131(1):011206-1-4.

Paper recycling highly impacts the environment and the economy because it reduces the use of forest-based raw materials and decreases the landfill of wastepaper.
Materials and Methods Materials.
References [1] Kamoga Omar Lwako M., Byaruhanga Joseph K., and Kirabira John Baptist.: International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications Vol.4 (2013), p.114 [2] Mäkinen, L., Ämmälä, A., Körkkö, M., & Niinimäki, J.: Resources, Conservation and Recycling Vol.73 (2013), p.11-16 [3] Amit Kumar and Dharm Dutt: Scientific African Vol.12 (2021), p.00793 [4] Zhu, J.Y. and Wu, G.H.: Journal of Pulp and Paper science Vol. 24 (1998), p.295-299 [5] Borchardt, J.K. and Ferguson, L.D.: Process Technology Paper Recycling Challenge-Process Technology (1998), p.71-82 [6] Bajpai, P.: Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper (2014), p.12-137 [7] Mohammadreza Kamali and Zahra Khodaparast: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Vol. 114 p.326-342 [8] G.M.
Saddler: Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 65(1998), p.209-215

The results provided some theoretical basis for its promotion and application. 1 Experimental 1.1 Materials The CFBC fly ash was from Baima power station, in Neijiang city, Sichuan province.
Open Fund for non-metallic composite with Sichuan Key Laboratory of Functional Materials (NO.10zxfk05) (southwest university of science and technology) and fund of science and technology department in Sichuan province (NO. 2011GZ0251).
Construction and Building Materials, 23 (2009) 2062-2071
Cementitious materials science, Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 1996
Journal of Chinese ceramic society, 12 (1984) 155-165.

Experiment methods Raw materials.
The authors would like to thank the Key Lab of Advanced Building Materials in University of Jinan for assistance with the various experiments.
J Ding: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology.
Zhong: Materials Review.
Huang: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology--Materials Science Edition.

Microalloying additions are shown to control the necessary strengthening mechanisms to produce high strength materials with the desired toughness or formability for a specific application.
As a result, microalloyed steels are the materials of choice for many automotive components manufactured from either sheet or bar steels.
Merwin, Editors, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio (2002)
Rodriguez-Ibabe: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 284-286 (1998), p. 51
Hagmann: Materials Science & Technology 2004 Conference Proceedings, AIST and TMS, Warrendale, PA (2004) Vol.

Depending on Al2O3 content, silica-alumina materials can be divided into fireclay and high-alumina with the Al2O3 content of 45 % and more.
Different starting materials and preparation techniques are used to produce synthetic mullite ceramic.
The morphology, stoichiometry and composition of mullites are a complex function of the starting materials and processing route [3, 4].
Mullite formation from clay systems is often complicated by the presence of impurities in the natural materials.
Experimental Procedure Raw Materials The basic raw material was claystone identified as FIA with grain size below 35 mm.

Cellular materials, in particular cellular metals, are an interesting category of materials since their physical properties are not only determined by the base materials but also the arrangement of this material in space in a certain structure.
An additional advantage of the method is that almost any material with any material state (e.g. powder, liquid, solid, etc. ) can be measured and this has been shown in many works, such as food and agricultural materials [23], insulation materials [24, 25], hydrating cement pastes [26] or cellular metals foams [27].
Liu, Simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of food and agricultural materials using a transient plane-source method, Journal of Food engineering 95(1) (2009) 179-185
Baillis, Analysis of the hot-disk technique applied to low-density insulating materials, International Journal of Thermal Sciences Vol. 65 (2013) 242- 253.[25] A.
Bentz, Transient plane source measurements of the thermal properties of hydrating cement pastes, Materials and Structures 40 (2007) 1073