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The higher content of volatile, the more pore can be got inside the char particles when volatile evolutes at a pyrolysis process, the more developed porous structure of char, the bigger specific surface area, the bigger effective contact area of gas-solid phases, and hence, the better influence on char gasification activity.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2006, 34(3), 292-297 (In Chinese)
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2009, 37(5), 521-526 (In Chinese)
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 2009, 37(2), 139-144 (In Chinese)
Coal structure and its reactivity (Science Press, Beijing 2002)

It is difficult for high concentrations and productions of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials because the plant cell wall has a complex structure [12].
Hence, pretreatment is important to break the structure by facilitating the enzymatic digestibility to access cellulose and hemicelluloses and improve the conversion of sugar.
Green Chemistry.
Mousdale (2008), Biofuel: Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Sustainable Development.
Green Chemistry.

In order to disperse noble metal among PANI more uniformly, PANI with definite structures in micro- or nano-scale needs to be developed.
The reason may be due to particular microscopic structure of PANI nano-fibers.
Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2015, 43(4): 507-512
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113 (14): 5705–5710
Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1999, 37(9): 1277–1284

Star-shaped polymers are the polymers with a structure consisting of several linear chains (arms) connected to a central core [5].
Macromolecular Chemistry & Physics, 2006. 207(9): p. 844-849
[5] Hadjichristidis, N., et al., 6.03 – Polymers with Star-Related Structures : Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1963. 67(3): p. 566-575
Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry, 2015. 37(23): p. 4337-4350

The performed investigations might be useful for the identification of superconducting and normal properties of HTS samples containing various structure defects as well as the materials on their basis with high transport current sensitivity suitable for manufacturing of more sensitive detectors for registration of low magnetic fields.
Selyavko, The effect of heat treatment regimes and component ratio on phase fraction in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system, Superconductivity: Physics, Chemistry, Technique, 4 (1991) 1003-1005
Zonov, The impact of heat treatment conditions on the phase composition and electrical resistance of Bi2-xPbxSr2Ca2Cu3Oy (0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) superconducting ceramics, Superconductivity: Physics, Chemistry, Technique, 3 (1990) 298-307
Ivanov, Phase composition and microstructure model of HTSC ceramics Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O with Tc = 101 K, Superconductivity: Physics, Chemistry, Technique, 3 (1990) 708-712
Khabarov, An opportunity to identify some peculiarities of granular structure of bismuth HTS ceramics from their electrical and magnetic properties, Superconductivity: Physics, Chemistry, Technique, 4 (1991) 586-593

Polyaniline Hybrid with Inverse Opal Structure for fabrication of thermoelectric materials Yongqiang He 1,a, Yan Feng2, b, Qiaojuan Gong1, c, Chenzhong Yao1,d,Jianping Gao2,e, Jing yan2,f* 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China 2School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China a heyongqiang@126.com, b yfeng@163.com, c gqjuan@163.com, dchenzyao@126.com, eJianpingg @eyou.com, fjingyan@tju.edu.cn Keywords: polyaniline, thermoelectric, inverse opal, colloid.
The polyaniline hybrid with inverse opal structure was observed with scanning electronic microscopy.
The dispersity of the spheres is very important because it affects the ordered assemble of colloidal particles during the formation of colloidal crystals (photonic crystal with opal structure), consequently controlling the characters of the polyaniline hybrids with inversed opal structure.
The polyaniline/Bi2Te3 hybrid with inversed opal structure will be used to fabricate bulk thermoelectronic materials
The polyaniline/Bi2Te3 hybrid with inverse opal structure will be applied to fabricate bulk thermoelectric materials.

Its structure was characterized by X-ray energy spectroscopy(EDS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and obtain uniform coating of TiO2/CNTs composites 1.
The results showed that the use of TiBr4 deposition more uniform and stronger than TiCl4, due to the electronic structure, TiBr4 solubility is superior to the TiCl4 in any solvent.
(2) properties of the sol-gel can be controlled by adjusting the catalyst, solvent, water, or pH, temperature, and other conditions, these small changes may ultimately give the product a different structure
Chemistry, 2012, 75(6): 502-507
Chemistry of Materials, 2008, 20(8): 2711-2718

On the basis of the test results the parameters are analyzed to design the molecular structure of the polycarboxylic admixtures, which could solve the problem of compatibility between polycarboxylic admixture and cement fundamentally.
Its designation on level of molecular structure makes its prospect better.
Both methods could improve the property of the carboxylic-acid-admixture and optimize the molecular structure to make functional-carboxylic-acid-admixture come true.
Jónsson, in: Theoretical Methods in Condencsed Phase Chemistry, edited by S.D.
Schwartz, volume 5 of Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, chapter, 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)

Recently, there has been a large interest in the development of low carbon steels with ultra fine grain structure using lean chemistries.
It has been reported by Tsuji and co-workers (2002) that straining of martensite as an initial structure can yield an ultra fine grain structure with good combination of strength and ductility.
Among them, martensite straining is a new and simple method where a combination of deformation and annealing of the initial martensite structure can yield an ultra-fine ferrite structure [5].
The initial structure of both steels is ferrite-pearlite.
It has been reported that the combination of an inherently fine structure of martensite, high dislocation density, supersaturated solid solution and carbide precipitation produce a fine grain structure for the deformed and annealed martensitic structures [16].

The recent progress in polymer chemistry afforded easy fabrication of composites constituted by conjugated polymers and semiconductor QDs in fields such as solar cells, for example, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and so forth.
The similarity of the XRD patterns indicates that the original crystalline structure of CdSe QDs has not been destroyed.
The vertical bars are corresponding to bulk zinc-blende structure of CdSe (JCPDS 19-0191).
Yuan, Structure and infrared emissivity of polyimide/mesoporous silica composite film, J.
Tan, Acetylenic polymers: syntheses, structures, and functions, Chem.