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Online since: September 2012
Authors: Hai Yan Xing, Ping Qin, Yan Min Lou
Moreover, the MMM testing system can output data to a computer not only for automatic evaluation but also for further analysis and evaluation with expert intervention.
The system can realize the welded joint residual stress testing at workshop, which can output data to a computer for further analysis.
As can be seen from Fig.4, the software functions include Testing Order, Data Storage, Signal Processing, Fault Extracting, Reasoning and Evaluating.
Testing Order Data Storage Signal Processing Entrance Fault Extracting Reasoning Interface Result Show Evaluating Fig.4 Software function diagram Data Storage module is responsible for saving MMM data and Signal Processing module is for drawing MMM curves and calculating characteristic parameters.
The field testing results of pressure vessel’s welded joints show that MMM data are consistent with the X-ray examination, which has proved the accuracy and engineering practicality of the MMM testing system.
The system can realize the welded joint residual stress testing at workshop, which can output data to a computer for further analysis.
As can be seen from Fig.4, the software functions include Testing Order, Data Storage, Signal Processing, Fault Extracting, Reasoning and Evaluating.
Testing Order Data Storage Signal Processing Entrance Fault Extracting Reasoning Interface Result Show Evaluating Fig.4 Software function diagram Data Storage module is responsible for saving MMM data and Signal Processing module is for drawing MMM curves and calculating characteristic parameters.
The field testing results of pressure vessel’s welded joints show that MMM data are consistent with the X-ray examination, which has proved the accuracy and engineering practicality of the MMM testing system.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: H. Siguerdjidjene, I.V. Turbine, D. Saidi
If (T) is the graphic period and (∆T) the discounted reduction of this period, the increase capacity (Q) of the line is written simply as:
Qmax=Q×T T - ∆T-1
Thus, for a 1000 tons capacity and 40 minutes of graphic period, the reduction of this period of one (01) minute is equivalent to a profit capacity of 25 tons.
It will be called upon a data-processing program whose process chart is illustrated in figure 2.
Result analysis of variants Criteria computation: Flow Capacity Others Data computation for repositioning of variants Retained variant Data entry of line Tractions computation Velocities computation Model development Fig.3.
On the other hand, the proposed method allows the problem of degree reduction of non-identity sections, which decrease the number of simple trains under the intersection and improve the functioning quality of the railways after his transfer to the normal way.
Thus, for a 1000 tons capacity and 40 minutes of graphic period, the reduction of this period of one (01) minute is equivalent to a profit capacity of 25 tons.
It will be called upon a data-processing program whose process chart is illustrated in figure 2.
Result analysis of variants Criteria computation: Flow Capacity Others Data computation for repositioning of variants Retained variant Data entry of line Tractions computation Velocities computation Model development Fig.3.
On the other hand, the proposed method allows the problem of degree reduction of non-identity sections, which decrease the number of simple trains under the intersection and improve the functioning quality of the railways after his transfer to the normal way.
Online since: September 2012
Authors: Chen Chao, Ya Bin Zhang, De Qing Gan, Ling Qi Zhu, Hong Jian Lu
Experimental Data Statistics.Air leakage experiments carried out a total of seven experiments tested different grain size ratio, the amount of air leakage in the different thickness of the overburden case, different experimental grain size ratio of porosity shown in Table 1.
With the cover layer thickness increases, the graphics decreased exponentially, but the rate of decline and porosity have a great relationship with the reduction of porosity, the curves decline faster, indicating that with the cover layer of dense increase air leakage drag and rapid increase of leakage intensity is gradually reduced, making the mine the amount of air leakage gradually decreased, so as to achieve the purpose of control of mine air leakage.
Therefore, with the reduction of the porosity, the minimum required cover thickness is gradually thinned.
Table2 Cover the void ratio & average wind speed with conditions of thickness & air leakage Porosity Air leakage wind speed (m / s) Overburden Thickness (m) 20 30 40 50 0.214 1.12*10-1 9.67 *10-2 5.33*10-2 1.63*10-2 0.237 1.13*10-1 9.72 *10-2 5.34*10-2 1.66*10-2 0.280 1.15 *10-1 9.75 *10-2 5.36*10-2 1.67*10-2 0.318 1.18 *10-1 9.76 *10-2 5.39*10-2 1.73*10-2 0.359 1.20 *10-1 9.79 *10-2 5.41*10-2 1.76*10-2 0.385 1.24 *10-1 9.83 *10-2 5.46*10-2 1.82*10-2 Form data, the porosity of the overburden and air leakage wind speed.
Starting from the point of view to prevent air leakage, leak-proof wind cover layer thickness is reduced with the reduction of porosity data fitting calculation, the lower porosity, the smaller the cover layer thickness.
With the cover layer thickness increases, the graphics decreased exponentially, but the rate of decline and porosity have a great relationship with the reduction of porosity, the curves decline faster, indicating that with the cover layer of dense increase air leakage drag and rapid increase of leakage intensity is gradually reduced, making the mine the amount of air leakage gradually decreased, so as to achieve the purpose of control of mine air leakage.
Therefore, with the reduction of the porosity, the minimum required cover thickness is gradually thinned.
Table2 Cover the void ratio & average wind speed with conditions of thickness & air leakage Porosity Air leakage wind speed (m / s) Overburden Thickness (m) 20 30 40 50 0.214 1.12*10-1 9.67 *10-2 5.33*10-2 1.63*10-2 0.237 1.13*10-1 9.72 *10-2 5.34*10-2 1.66*10-2 0.280 1.15 *10-1 9.75 *10-2 5.36*10-2 1.67*10-2 0.318 1.18 *10-1 9.76 *10-2 5.39*10-2 1.73*10-2 0.359 1.20 *10-1 9.79 *10-2 5.41*10-2 1.76*10-2 0.385 1.24 *10-1 9.83 *10-2 5.46*10-2 1.82*10-2 Form data, the porosity of the overburden and air leakage wind speed.
Starting from the point of view to prevent air leakage, leak-proof wind cover layer thickness is reduced with the reduction of porosity data fitting calculation, the lower porosity, the smaller the cover layer thickness.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Rina Heu, May Phue Wai, Leanggek Menh, Bovathanak Leng, Chheng Im Si
As levels were found to be extremely high based on the observed data; the risk of identifying arsenic concentrations that are undesirable (>50 ppb) in tube wells is estimated to be 81% [2].
The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values were calculated for all data sets.
Student’s t-test (two tailed) was used to determine whether BSF and MBSF data were significantly different from each other or not.
There was no significantly different in turbidity reduction in both filter (p=0.83).
While in MBSF, 58.69% of E. coli reduction was observed.
The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values were calculated for all data sets.
Student’s t-test (two tailed) was used to determine whether BSF and MBSF data were significantly different from each other or not.
There was no significantly different in turbidity reduction in both filter (p=0.83).
While in MBSF, 58.69% of E. coli reduction was observed.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Xiu Xia Yuan
Qkcl ≤ 60 kWh/t
20
Qkcl ≥ 68 kWh/t
0
Comparable comprehensive standard electricity consumption of cement
Calculation by thermal measurement or statistical data.
Qks ≤ 80 kWh/t 20 Qks ≥ 100 kWh/t 0 Comparable comprehensive standard energy consumption of cement Calculation by thermal measurement or statistical data.
Qfd ≤ 20 kWh/t (clinker) 8 Qfd > 30 kWh/t 0 Power consumption of raw meal grinding(excluding raw materials crushing) Calculation by statistical data.
Qsf ≤ 19 kWh/t (raw meal) 8 Qsf > 22 kWh/t 0 Power consumption of clinker calcination (including coal powder preparation) Calculation by statistical data.
Qsd ≤ 33 kWh/t (clinker) 8 Qsd > 38 kWh/t 0 Power consumption of cement grinding (excluding package) Calculation by thermal measurement and statistical data.
Qks ≤ 80 kWh/t 20 Qks ≥ 100 kWh/t 0 Comparable comprehensive standard energy consumption of cement Calculation by thermal measurement or statistical data.
Qfd ≤ 20 kWh/t (clinker) 8 Qfd > 30 kWh/t 0 Power consumption of raw meal grinding(excluding raw materials crushing) Calculation by statistical data.
Qsf ≤ 19 kWh/t (raw meal) 8 Qsf > 22 kWh/t 0 Power consumption of clinker calcination (including coal powder preparation) Calculation by statistical data.
Qsd ≤ 33 kWh/t (clinker) 8 Qsd > 38 kWh/t 0 Power consumption of cement grinding (excluding package) Calculation by thermal measurement and statistical data.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Xiao Qin Zhu, Zhen Chen
In respect to the current transaction situation, the voluntary emissions reduction business in Shenzhen market is quite limited and deserted, which makes the emission trading market very inactive.
In 2007, California joined the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) regional voluntary GHG emission reduction mechanisms to progressively approach to its emission reduction targets.
In 2008, California Air Resources Board (ARB) developed a “Scoping Plan”, which clearly took market mechanisms and other ways to achieve emission reduction targets.
On the basis of full survey and data analysis, California calculated and delineated a GHG emission baseline to designate the units included in emission reduction program.
If there is no mandatory requirement for emissions reduction, entities involved in voluntary emissions trading is essentially just an act of charity, which has no substantial reduction significance and can’t really play a sufficient role in building GHG trading market.
In 2007, California joined the Western Climate Initiative (WCI) regional voluntary GHG emission reduction mechanisms to progressively approach to its emission reduction targets.
In 2008, California Air Resources Board (ARB) developed a “Scoping Plan”, which clearly took market mechanisms and other ways to achieve emission reduction targets.
On the basis of full survey and data analysis, California calculated and delineated a GHG emission baseline to designate the units included in emission reduction program.
If there is no mandatory requirement for emissions reduction, entities involved in voluntary emissions trading is essentially just an act of charity, which has no substantial reduction significance and can’t really play a sufficient role in building GHG trading market.
Online since: February 2008
Authors: B.T. Min, S.W. Hong, J.H. Kim, I.K. Park, H.D. Kim
In order to confirm this
fact, the debris particles were analyzed with ICP-AES for their typical element contents, EPMA for
the homogeneity of the solid solution, XRD for the chemical compounds, and TGA and hydrogen
reduction analysis for the percentage of the debris oxidation and reduction.
The data in Table 1 was collected for the tests in which the hydrogen contents after the interaction were 10 times higher than those before the interaction.
- Hydrogen Reduction Analysis The debris sample was heated at 2073 K in a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours.
If U3O8 exists in the debris, the total weight of a sample will be decreased by its reduction.
The uranium in the debris might have existed in the form of UO2, by considering the reduction ratio of the peak and the shifted peak pattern.
The data in Table 1 was collected for the tests in which the hydrogen contents after the interaction were 10 times higher than those before the interaction.
- Hydrogen Reduction Analysis The debris sample was heated at 2073 K in a hydrogen atmosphere for 12 hours.
If U3O8 exists in the debris, the total weight of a sample will be decreased by its reduction.
The uranium in the debris might have existed in the form of UO2, by considering the reduction ratio of the peak and the shifted peak pattern.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: A.M. Osipov, Yu.V. Bezgans, D.G. Lodkov
The work is devoted to the reduction of defective weld deposition zone of the pusher, as well as the reduction of the number of defects such as low density of metal, pores, shrinkage holes.
Bubbles can be the consequence of the emission of dissolved gases: hydrogen, nitrogen and the formed insoluble metal oxides of carbon produced during the solidification of metal by reduction of its volume, which leads to the formation of internal shrinkage with coarsely crystalline structure of the surface covered by a layer of oxides.
According to the data given in Table 2 and represented in Figure 12, the analysis by the method of passive experiment was performed.
Bubbles can be the consequence of the emission of dissolved gases: hydrogen, nitrogen and the formed insoluble metal oxides of carbon produced during the solidification of metal by reduction of its volume, which leads to the formation of internal shrinkage with coarsely crystalline structure of the surface covered by a layer of oxides.
According to the data given in Table 2 and represented in Figure 12, the analysis by the method of passive experiment was performed.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Zhi Qin Zhu, Shao Tao Dai, Tao Ma, Liang Zhen Lin, Yu Ping Teng, Li Ye Xiao, Nai Hao Song, Xue Min Liang, Zhi Cheng Cao, Dong Zhang, Zhi Yuan Gao
The critical current test and data analysis are finished before the demonstration operation of the 10 kA HTS cable.
UKF, particle filter and Wavelet noise reduction are the effective ways to process the nonlinear and non-Gaussian signal, but theirs calculation burden is too heavy.
Adaptive noise reduction has a faster calculation speed, but it requires a reference signal, so the superconducting cable voltage signal is difficult to detect by using the adaptive noise reduction.
Commonly used ICA methods include FastICA algorithm, EASI algorithm, nonlinear PCA and maximum likelihood estimation algorithm based on natural gradient, which FastICA can better reduction the noise[7-8].
[7] Liu, Y.; Wang, H.; Hou, C., "UKF Based Nonlinear Filtering Using Minimum Entropy Criterion," Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , vol.61, no.20, pp.4988,4999, Oct.15, 2013 [8] Ram, M.R.; Madhav, K.V.; Krishna, E.H.; Komalla, N.R.; Sivani, K.; Reddy, K.A., "ICA-Based Improved DTCWT Technique for MA Reduction in PPG Signals With Restored Respiratory Information," Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on , vol.62, no.10, pp.2639,2651, Oct. 2013 [9] Dong Zhang, Shaotao Dai, Yuping Teng, et al, Testing Results for the Cable Core of a 360 m/10 kA HTS DC Power Cable Used in the Electrolytic Auminum Industry, Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 5400504 (June 2013) [10] Xuemin Liang, Shaotao Dai, Zhiyuan Gao, et al.
UKF, particle filter and Wavelet noise reduction are the effective ways to process the nonlinear and non-Gaussian signal, but theirs calculation burden is too heavy.
Adaptive noise reduction has a faster calculation speed, but it requires a reference signal, so the superconducting cable voltage signal is difficult to detect by using the adaptive noise reduction.
Commonly used ICA methods include FastICA algorithm, EASI algorithm, nonlinear PCA and maximum likelihood estimation algorithm based on natural gradient, which FastICA can better reduction the noise[7-8].
[7] Liu, Y.; Wang, H.; Hou, C., "UKF Based Nonlinear Filtering Using Minimum Entropy Criterion," Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , vol.61, no.20, pp.4988,4999, Oct.15, 2013 [8] Ram, M.R.; Madhav, K.V.; Krishna, E.H.; Komalla, N.R.; Sivani, K.; Reddy, K.A., "ICA-Based Improved DTCWT Technique for MA Reduction in PPG Signals With Restored Respiratory Information," Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on , vol.62, no.10, pp.2639,2651, Oct. 2013 [9] Dong Zhang, Shaotao Dai, Yuping Teng, et al, Testing Results for the Cable Core of a 360 m/10 kA HTS DC Power Cable Used in the Electrolytic Auminum Industry, Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 5400504 (June 2013) [10] Xuemin Liang, Shaotao Dai, Zhiyuan Gao, et al.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: P. Vithya, V. Logesh
The utility of fossil fuel depleted its existence, degraded the environment and led to reduction in underground carbon resources.
The worldwide reduction of underground carbon resources can be substituted by the bio-fuels.
Experiments were initially carried out on the engine using diesel as fuel in order to provide base line data.
After engine conditions stabilized and reached to steady state, the base line data were taken.
The presence of camphor oil in the blend enhances the combustion process, which is reflected in the reduction of CO emissions.
The worldwide reduction of underground carbon resources can be substituted by the bio-fuels.
Experiments were initially carried out on the engine using diesel as fuel in order to provide base line data.
After engine conditions stabilized and reached to steady state, the base line data were taken.
The presence of camphor oil in the blend enhances the combustion process, which is reflected in the reduction of CO emissions.