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The first class industry is Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products(X01) and Manufacture of Medicines(X02).
Compared with other industries, Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products(X01) and Manufacture of Medicines(X02) are more dependent on the support of scientific research, technological services, and the business services, and the demand of Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials for scientific and technical services is particularly urgent.
Acknowledgment Thanks for the fund provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70973017, 71172044 and 71273047), the Doctoral Program Foundation of Education Ministry of China (Grant No. 20120092110039), the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province (2010), and the Colleges and Universities Philosophy and Social Sciences Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2012SJD630113).
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Then friction heat is generated that causes a temperature rise in the surface layer high enough to result in metallurgical transformation of the wheel-rail materials.
The heat-convection between the rail and ambient and temperature-dependent material properties are taken into consideration.
The temperature-dependent material properties can be found in Ref. [12].
Acknowledgement The present work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50705078), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2009AA04Z424), the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (2009BAG12A01), the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (114028), and the Sichuan Youth Science and Technology Foundation of China (08ZQ026-021).
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Smart and resilient concrete structures will require building materials such as cements that sense flaws.
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The biomechanical expressions developed can be an alternative to describe rib-in-plate or fibre-in-composite materials.
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Increasing appropriately column’s spacing can save material during construction.
Table1 Pipe section properties d[mm] t[mm] A[cm2] I[cm4] W[cm3] i[cm] 48 3.5 4.89 12.19 5.08 1.58 Table2 Pipe material parameters EX[pa] μ f[pa] 2.06×1011 0.3 2.05×108 The Finite Element Model ABAQUS was used to build the calculating model of high-formwork system.
Based on the practice, column’s spacing of bridging can be properly relaxed so as to save material during construction.
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Soboyejo1,3 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, (AUST) , Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. 2Department of Engineering Infrastructure, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI), Abuja, Nigeria. 3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering & Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), United States of America. 4Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria. 5Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio State, United States of America. 6 Integrity Engineering Services, DLloyd’s Register Energy, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
(figure 5a) and the materials exposed to sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 11 (figure 5e ).
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We also found evidence that, on average, at least 75% of the total costs of the shipyards are for the purchased materials and services from the subcontractors and suppliers.
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Gupta and Gupta [1] observed that the stretching of plastic materials could involve nonlinearities.
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Experimental Instruments and reagents Nitric acid (MOS grade, Beijing Chemical Reagent Research Institute); reserves of the standard perchloric acid (Tianjin Golden World Group, Asia Chemical Factory); Standard stock solution of Zn, Mn, Se, Cd, Al , Fe, As, Ca , Mg, Ge, Co are 1000μg • mL-1, which provided by the National Steel Materials Testing Center, Central Iron and Steel Research.
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