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Ebert: Materials Science and Engineering A 302 (2001), p.37-45
Prasad: Materials Science and Technology 9 (1993), p. 85-810
Gupta: Materials Science and Engineering A 528 (2011) p.3722-3729
Alexandrov.: Progress in Materials Science 45 (2000), p. 103-189
Beladi.: Materials Science and Engineering A 456 (2007), p.52-57

Grandini: Materials Science and Engineering: C Vol. 34 (2014), p. 354-359
Yukawa: Bulletin of Materials Science Vol. 20 (1997), p. 805-815
Hsu: Materials Science and Engineering: C Vol. 32 (2012), p. 517-522
Semiatin: Materials Science and Engineering: A Vol. 243 (1998), p. 46-65
Lütjering: Materials Science and Engineering: A Vol. 243 (1998), p. 32-45

Maijer, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE 40A (2009) 991-999
Beckermann, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE 38 (2007) 541-555
Wang, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE 38 (2007) 533-540
Lee, MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING 391 (2005) 86-94
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2003. 34A(12): 2887-2899

All kinds of unit types used for materials are shown in Table 2.
The material and geometrical nonlinearity are considered in modeling, while the friction of beam body with deviator and external tendon is ignored.
Table 2 The element types for materials Crack Steel bar Prestressing tendon Concrete and deviator Targe170and conta173 Link8 Link10 Solid45 Fig.9 Finite element model of external tendon reinforcement beam Conclusions Combined with the actual characteristics of the project, the reinforcement transformation designs of the roof beams is carried out, three kinds of reinforcement transformation design schemes are put forward, they are carbon fiber reinforced polymer strengthening, internal prestressed strengthening and external prestressed strengthening.
References [1] GB50010-2010: Code for design of concrete structures (China Building Industry Press, China 2010) (In Chinese) [2] Jun Tan: Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, Vol.38 (2010), p. 45-51 (In Chinese) [3] Weichen Xue: Modern Prestressed Concrete Structure Design (China Building Industry Press, China 2003) (In Chinese) [4] GB50023-2012: Code for Design of Steel Structure (China Building Industry Press, China 2012) (In Chinese) [5] Tao Liu and Fengpeng Yang: Proficient in ANSYS (Tsinghua University press, China 2002) (In Chinese) [6] Yaoting Zhang and Jisheng Qiu: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Vol.20 (2003), p. 20-23 (In Chinese) [7] Xilin Lv, Guofang Jin and Xiaohan Wu: The Nonlinear Finite Element Theory and Application of Reinforced Concrete Structure (Tongji University press, China 2002) (In Chinese)

A lot of tests proved that material failure mode begins with the protective layer scratch which causes pits [1].
[2] Chen G S, Liao C M: American Society for Testing and Materials (1997)
[8] Xiaogang Li, Dongmei Fu, Chaofang Dong: Corrosion Science and Protection Technology.
[9] Guanfa Lin, Zhenquan Bai, Xin Shu: Iron and Steel Research Journal.Vol.17No.6(2005), P.315-317
[10] Xiangyang Zhou, Wei Ke: Metal journal.

Introduction With the development of science and technology, in the parts manufacturing, the requirements of machining precision have been more and more higher, in addition to traditional methods, many special processing methods are researched and extented constantly.
The mechanism analysis of reducing the surface roughness (1) For the impact of the pulse by ultrasonic vibration, the energy is concentrated in the head of finishing tool within small scope, the energy of dislocation is increased after the lattice defects in metallic materials absorbing the ultrasonic energy, thereby, it is reducing the deformation resistance of metals, the effect of planishing the micro-level peak is increased, and thus effectively reducing the surface roughness [1]; (2) The vibration of process system is an important factor on surface roughness.
Due to the vibration damaged the conditions of chip formation in the surface area, in the same time it is also reducing the coefficient of friction and then with the reduction of friction, which reduces the surface roughness; (3) With the addition of ultrasonic vibration, the plastic deformation of materials is changed significantly, corresponding to a decrease of deformation stress, so that the flow resistance of the metal is decreased and it is easy for the plastic flowing of the metal, all the features are beneficial to improve the surface quality.
H: Journal Of Engineering Manufacture.
Rahman: International Journal Of Machine Tools And Manufacture.

Growth of Ceramic Coatings on LY12 Aluminum Alloys by Micro-Arc Oxidation and Microstructure Properties of Ceramic Coatings Jinglong Gao 1, a, Zhongcai Shao 1,b and Tongzhen Li 1,c 1 College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110168, China axflgjl@126.com, bzhongcsh@163.com, c6333787@qq.com Keywords: LY12 Aluminium Alloy; Micro-arc Oxidization; Cell Violate; Ceramic Coatings.
In MAO processes, the anode made by valve metal materials is immersed in an aqueous solution, and high voltages of asymmetric alternating current are applied between the anode and the cathode.
It has been known that the sparking reaction due to dielectric breakdown leads to the oxide deposition of material from the electrolyte[4-7].
Experimental Material and specimens.
G .Song, Characterization of A12O3 ceramic coatings on 6063 aluminum alloy prepared in borate electrolytes by micro-arc oxidation, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 462(2008)99-102

The material properties are as follows: Elastic modulus: 45GPa; Poisson’s Ratio: 0.35; Density: 1700kg/m3.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11002113, 11172236) and NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research (JC20120229).
A uniform optimum material based model for concurrent optimization of thermo elastic structures and materials.
International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization. 2 (2008) 259-266
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 78 (2009) 631-651

This can be put into practice to control the morphology [6-8], such as diffusion, nucleation, and growth of crystals, molecular orientation and phase dispersion, which are well known to be responsible for the resultant properties of the materials [4-6].
Experimental Material and Equipment The material used in this work is HDPE (grade 5502B) with MFR=0.3987g/10min, supplied by Shanghai Kinfei Petrochemical Corp.
Soc. for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, United States, 72(2004) 3373-3376
Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 71(1999) 799-811
European Polymer Journal. 40(2004) 1849-1855

Preparation of High-temperature-resistance Silicone Paints Guojun Li a, Yanbin Wei b and Ruiming Ren School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Huanghe Road 794, Dalian 116028, People’s Republic of China a email guojunlee@163.com, bemail 496642711@qq.com Keywords: Silicone resin; High-temperature resistance; Coating; Room temperature curing Abstract.
A certain amount of deionized water was slowly added into the mixed raw material to start backflow reaction.
Ma et al: Journal of Hangzhou Normal University Vol. 10(2011), p.511
Gou et al: Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology Vol.35(2005), p.17.
Ren: Organic Silicone Materials Vol. 25(2011), p.18.