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Data Collect The research study began with a review of relevant materials from professional journals, conference papers, refereed publications, research reports, and Internet information to capture background knowledge about strategic partnering.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Fund (70772096).
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Introduction In many industrial processes working at high temperatures, limitations can be due to temperature at which materials can be used.
The search for refractory materials with good mechanical and chemical properties is thus becoming very urgent.
This is the case particularly in the glass making industry, which requires materials with high mechanical properties, glass corrosion and oxidation resistance, permitting their use over 1200°C.
Among these refractory materials, chromium is potentially a good candidate.
Materials and methods HIP commercial pure chromium (99.7+%) is used for oxidation tests.

Next, we discovered improvement in the process stability on intractable materials (e.g. iron group elements or noble metals; manganese in this paper) by using thin cap layer of titanium.
Process stability of the oxidation is depended on the materials.
In this paper, we investigated two issues relating transport of reactive species in the oxide for improving in process precision; how fast the oxide can grow in both directions of height and depth, and how the stability of the oxidizing process can be improved on the a unstable and intractable materials.
Next, the effect of a thin cap layer of valve metal (titanium) on an unstable material (manganese thin film) for stabilizing the process was investigated.
Nano-machining on steel materials will be useful for future nano-technology like micro/nano-robotics.

When the materials melting, refine agent is joined to stir 5 minutes, then leave it 30 minutes.
Raremetal materials and engineering, 2002, 31 (3): 167-170
The microstructure numerical simulation of Al-4.5%Cu alloy solidification process.Chinese journal of nonferrous metal, 2002, 12 (6) : 113-135.
Journal of material and metallurgy, 2002:98-100.
Materials Science and Engineering A 426(2006) 240–249

Journal of Catalysis, 217 (2003) 69-78
Chemical Engineering Journal, 279 (2015) 994-1003
Materials Science & Engineering A, 2007, 452:758-762
The surface science of titanium dioxide, J.
Surface Science Report, 2003, (5): 64-66

Hirsch, Through Process Modelling, Materials Science Forum 519-521 (2006) 15–24
Hirsch, Texture Evolution and Earing in Aluminium Can Sheet, Materials Science Forum 495-497 (2005) 1565–1572
Schneider, Effect of Material Property Changes on the Performance of Al Rolling Mills, Materials Science Forum 638-642 (2010) 247–254
Krishnan, Microstructure evolution during batch annealing, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 12 (2003) 701–707
Szeliga, Computational Materials Engineering: Achieving High Accuracy and Efficiency in Metals Processing Simulations, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015

Introduction The use of geotextiles as filters instead of the traditional granular materials has become more and more popular in the seepage outlet and drainage inlet of the hydraulic, civil and environmental engineering.
The apparatus, materials and methods The test equipment used in this paper is the improved gradient ratio apparatus, which was described detailly in the literature [5].
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1996, 33(6): 899-912
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2003, 2: 97-102
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1994, 31(4): 555-563.

Piezoelectric device was widely studied because the piezoelectric materials have higher force-electric coupling effect and the harvesting energy devices using piezoelectric material are comparatively simple.
Journal of microelectromechanical systems.
Journal of micromechanics and microengineering.
Journal of micromechanics and microengineering.
Smart materials and atructures.

EXAFS Analysis EXAFS measurements were performed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL, USA) on the undulator beamline of the Material Research Collaborative Access Team (MRCAT).
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Regalbuto: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Vol. 175 (1995), p. 239

This material is characterized by its great aspect ratio.
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