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Modeling and Simulation of the ultrasonic motor which using bending vibration transducer Zili Huang1,a*, Weishan Chen2,b 1Room 426, Building 2F, Science and Technology Park, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China. 2Room 424, Building 2F, Science and Technology Park, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Hei Longjiang Province, China.
Because of preload force, deformation of friction material is shown in Fig. 3b.
The linear stiffness of driven-foot is , and the linear stiffness of friction material is .
Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics. 37(2):144-148, 2005
Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis. 20(1):7-12, 2000

The use of these methods in a real survey is almost impossible due to the need to meet sufficiently stringent requirements for surface preparation, which requires time and significant material costs.
Development of methods and equipment for thermographic control, focused on the diagnosis of condition and study of thermophysical characteristics of various materials, is carried out in leading scientific laboratories in the United States and Canada.
Lebedev, “Thermal Nondestructive Testing of Buildings and Builded Constructions”, Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 39 (5): 395-409, Moscow, Russia, 2003
[4] Zhengwei Yang, Xingyu Xie, Yin Li, Gan Tian, “Numerical Analysis of Influencing Factors and Capability for Line Laser Scanning Thermography Nondestructive Testing Technology in Chemicals Corrosion Defect Detection”, IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering, 484 (1): 012026, 2019
Aubreton, “Nondestructive testing based on scanning-from-heating approach: Application to nonthrough defect detection and fiber orientation assessment”, Journal of Electronic Imaging, 24 (6): 061112, 2015

Introduction High charge carrier mobility in graphene [1] makes it a suitable material for high frequency electronic devices.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF) under the EUROCORES program EuroGRAPHENE and European and Swedish Research Councils (VR) as well as the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area Grant in Materials Science.
Novoselov, Nature Materials 6 (2007) 183
Janzen, Journal of Crystal Growth 310 (2008) 4430
Chung, Journal of Crystal Growth 310 (2008) 4126

Functions of Step Gating System in the Lost Foam Casting Process Hong Zhou 1,a, Li Heng Luo2,b 1Department of Materials Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China 2No.28 Primary School of Panzhihua Municipal, Panzhihua, China apzhu_zhouhong@163.com, bpzhu_luoliheng@163.com Keyword: Step gating system, Lost foam casting, Numerical simulation, FLOW-3D Abstract.
This software, FLOW-3D, developed by Flow Science, Inc. in the US, is a commercial code on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and it can be modified to include the effects of varying interfacial heat transfer coefficient in LFC.
Liu: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 40 (2004) No.6, p.81.
Overfelt: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 182 (2007), p.333
(In Chinese) [16] C.W.Hirt and M.R.Barkhudarov: Modeling the Lost Foam Process With Defect Prediction (Flow Science, Inc., U.S. 1997), p.6.

Various materials, such as metals or their compounds, even fullerenes, have been successfully used to fill CNTs employing different methods.
But the structural properties of the encapsulated materials are still not very clear.
Vol. 456 (2000), p. 947 Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) [15] H.J.
Di Tolla: Science 291 (2001), p. 288 [18] Y.
Takayanagi: Science Vol. 289 (2000), p. 606 [20] Y.

We choose pakchoi as experimental material, through the effects of different types acid rain on nutritional quality of pakchoi, study on pakchoi’s resistance mechanisms of acid pollution, measure their tolerance to acid rain, provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference to the choice of leafy plants growing in acid rain disaster-hit areas.
Materials and Methods Materials.
“Studying Advances of Effects of Acid Rain on Acidifying of Ecosystem,” Journal of Agro-Environment Science, vol 29, pp.245-249, 2010 [5]Ikuta K, Suzuki Y, Kitamura S.
“Research Progress of Acid Rain in China,” Meteorological and Environmental Sciences, vol 32, pp.82-87, 2009 [9]J.P.
“Effects of simulated acid rain on physiological and biochemical characters of eggplant, the host plant of Tetranychus cinnabarinus,” Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, vol 16, pp.450-454, 2005 [10]N.N.

Experimental The experimental preparation Materials.
This may be because the activated carbon is one kind of porous materials, it has strong adsorption performance.
Discussion on Current Status and Pollution Prevention of Indoor Air Quality.Journal of Green Science and Technology , 2011, 2:p.78-79, in Chinese
Science & Technology Information, 2008, 19: p.132 , in Chinese
Heilongjiang Environmental Journal,2011, 35（1）：p.76-77, in Chinese

Since the surface energy is an intrinsic property of materials, wettability is usually enhanced by the increase of surface roughness, especially by fractal structures [3].
Experimental procedure The material growtn was carried out in a horizontal tube furnace as shown in Fig. 1.
On the basis of this study, the ultrahydrophobic surface from hierarchical structure materials may have strong potential applications.
Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51065009) and the Science Fund Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (No.
Ye and L.Cai: Chinese Journal of mechanical engineering Vol. 21 (2008), p. 77 [10] R.

The heat treatment and the resulting material phases have a considerable influence on the forming stage [1].
The development of numerical codes to calculate thermal histories, phase transformations and stress fields of different materials allow us to develop models which can predict the effects of heat treatment on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of machine components [3].As an important research method besides traditional one by experiment, numerical simulation has been applied to heat treatment researching widely [2].
The material of brake disc is 2Cr13.
Andrade-Campos: International Journal of Material Forming, Vol. 3 (2010), p. 1139 [2] Jianhua Xie , Xingzhao Wei and Peng Huang : Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment, Vol. 27 (2006), p. 9 (In Chinese) [3] I.
Bonollo: Computation Materials Science, Vol. 35(2006), p. 98-106 [4] Xiolong Cui and Nili Wan: Heat Treatment, Vol. 20 (2005), p. 12 (In Chinese) [5] Liu Zhuang, Wu Zhaoji, Wu Jingzhi and Zhang Yi: Numerical Simulation of Heat Treatments, (Science Press Publications, China 1996) (In Chinese)

There are two methods in summary, which are using new materials partly, such as aluminum alloy and carbon fiber composite, to replace steel under the condition of satisfying usability, and by using CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) technology to optimize the structure of cars to reduce the weights of cars [1].
The material of absorber spring plate is a kind of steel ST12 (Q/BQB403-99), which is formed by press at a time.
Utilization of materials is more sufficient, which enhanced material service efficiency and satisfied the requirements of rigidity and strength.
But the stress distribution and material service efficiency of Scheme 2 are not so good.
[2] Fredricson H: Internasional Journal of Vehicle Design, vol. 37 (2005) no. 1, p. 67-80 [3] L.S.