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But purification by electrolysis process certainly will consume large amounts of energy, therefore, production of copper alloys or refined copper products from imprue-copper directly will be significant for enterprise, industry and so on[1-4].
This paper aims to utilize the waste impure-copper directly.
RE may be related to the formation of high melting point and relatively stable compounds with this impurity elements, Due that the density of these compounds is lower than that of copper, so they float on the melt surface in melting process and are removed by casting into the molten slag.
Furthermore, a small residue of RE compounds in the copper solution which precipitate in a shape of second phase particles, reduce the scattering of the conduction electrons.
References [1] Shinsuke Yamanaka, Hirokazu Kobayashi and Ken Kurosaki: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol. 34 (2003), p. 269

It aims to express brown or dark brown color by adding Potassium permanganate, and to improve the corrosion resistance.
Luan, Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys — a critical review, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 336 (2002) 88-113
Kuhn, plasma anodizing of magnesium alloys Metal Finishing, 101 (2003) 44-50
Kim, The Surface Treatment Technologies of Magnesium Alloys, Journal of RIST, 24 (2010) 6-11
Shin, Corrosion response of annealed oxide film of pure Mg via plasma electrolytic oxidation in an electrolyte containing KMnO4, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, Supplement 1 (2011) S473-S477

Barrallier1,c 1MSMP Laboratory, Arts et Metiers ParisTech, Aix-en-Provence, France 2Airbus Helicopters, Marignane, France aguillaume.fallot@ensam.eu, bsebastien.jegou@ensam.eu, claurent.barrallier@ensam.eu Keywords: Nitriding, residual stresses, phase transformations, iron alloys, precipitation.
This process is used to improve fatigue life, tribological and anti-corrosion properties of iron-based alloys [2].
The present work aims studying the generation of residual stresses in the very first stage of nitriding of the 33CrMoV12-9 steel grade.
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials: Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 135-142
Intersticial alloys.

All of the three alloys were molten in titanium gettered argon atmosphere starting from 99.95 wt % Ni, 99.95 wt % Fe, Ni-P and Fe-P master alloys in the arc melting furnace.
The alloys were melt-spun in helium.
Alloys Compd,480 (2009), p. 306–310 [8] K.
Kąc, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 482 (2009), p. 114 [10] K.
Chen, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 275(2007), p. 174 [17] F.

Next, the CuCr2-xSnxSe4-compounds were manufactured from obtained binary selenides: CuSe, SnSe and Cr2Se3.
The sintered compounds were again crushed into a powder and used for structural studies.
Measurements of compounds were made at magnetic field 0.5 T.
Examples of Rietveld refinement for compounds with smallest (a) and largest (b) tin doping.
Demin, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol 401(1-2), (2005), pp. 145-149

So, NbC/VC based WC-8%Co alloys are worthy of study in the present research.
A small quantity of VC (0.4% by weight) and NbC(0.4% by weight) was added to WC-8% alloys.
The solubility of WC in the binder Co is 40% of that in the WC–Co alloys.
However, according to VC, the solubility of WC in the binder Co drops to 10% in the WC–Co–VC alloys [16].
Lengauer W (2010) J Alloys Compounds 489:408 [15] Lay S, Hamar-Thibault S, Lackner A (2002) Int J Ref Met Hard Mater 20:61 [16] Wang XQ, Guo HL, He BS.

Inhibitors can be organic or inorganic compounds, and they are usually dissolved in aqueous environments.
The organic inhibitors which are widely used include amines, heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds (such as thioethers, thioalcohols, thioamides, thiourea, and hydrazine), some natural compounds (such as glue or proteins) and mixtures of two or more compounds.
Organic compounds containing polar groups including nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen and heterocyclic compounds with polar functional groups and/or conjugated double bonds have been reported to inhibit various metals or alloys.
Journal of Corrosion.
Journal of Science.

Niewa, Growth, structural and magnetic characterization of Al-substituted barium hexaferrite single crystals, J. of Alloys and Compounds 615 (2014) 1043-1046.
Liu, Ni–Ti equiatomic co-substitution of hexagonal M-type Ba(NiTi)xFe12− 2xO19 ferrites, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 649 (2015) 782-787.
Rohmawati, Variation of Fe3o4 Addition to Pani / Fe3o4 Alloys for Microwaves, Journal of Physics 4 (1) (2015) 1-5
Qiao, Magnetic properties of Co–Ti substituted barium hexaferrite, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 546 (2013) 234-238
Jadhav, Influence of chromium substitution on structural and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 powder prepared by sol-gel auto combustion method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509(12) (2011) 4394-4398.

Electroless coatings can broadly be classified into four categories viz, pure nickel and black nickel coating, alloy and poly-alloy coatings, composite coatings and electroless nano coatings [2].
The normalization procedure involves the aim of the experiment, whether the response variables are to be minimized or maximized.
Sha, Electroless nickel, alloy, composite and nano coatings –A critical review, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 571(2013) 183-204
Vojtěch, Properties of Hard Ni–P–Al2O3 and Ni–P–SiC Coatings on Al-Based Casting Alloys, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24 (2009) 754–757
Deng, Introduction to grey system, Journal of Grey System, 1-1 (1989) 1-24

Therefore, hard and refractory compounds like nitrides and carbides can be easily synthesized using mechanical alloying method with acceptable properties in compared to conventional methods.
One important metal carbide is aluminum carbide (Al4C3) that is widely used to improve the mechanical properties of Al based alloys and composites.
Sonboli, “Development of Fe3C, SiC and Al4C3 compounds during mechanical alloying,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 42, no. 15, pp. 5911–5914, May 2007
Li, “Amorphization in the AlC system by mechanical alloying,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 260, no. 1–2, pp. 121–126, Sep. 1997
Chicinaş, “Influence of mechanical alloying and heat treatment processing on the Ni 2 MnSn Heusler alloy structure,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 716, pp. 137–143, Sep. 2017