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Welding distortion is a partial plastic deformation from internal stresses caused by non-uniform temperature fields on metal components in welding reach the material yield limit.
All of the above will cause great difficulties for site installation, and will also cost a lot of manpower and material resources to deal with welding distortion once the tolerance occurs.
References [1] Wang Zhenyi, Ma Hongchen, Factors and Measures for Common Welding Distortions, Theoretical Science 2010,1674-6708（2010）17-0056-02.
(In Chinese) [3] Zeng Zhibin, Shi Zhiqiang, Shi Yongjie, Experiments and Researches on Welding Distortions at Butt Joints in Large Thick Steel Panels, China Railway Science, 2009,1001-4632(2009)03-0033-07.
[9] Ueda Y.Ma N X.Expression of inherent strain in form of function and its estimation[J].Journal of the Japan wleding society,1993,11(1):189-198

Acknowledgements This project was supported by National Nature Science Foundation (NO.60879002) and Tianjin Key Technology R&D Program (No.10ZCK FGX03800) Reference [1] G..
Li: Journal of Aerospace power, Vol.24(2009)No.10, p.2277 (in Chinese)
Wen: Journal of Vibration Engineering. 2009, Vol.22(2009)No.2, p.134 (in Chinese)
Zhu and Z.G Liu: Journal of Xi'An Jiaotong University.
Zhang: Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol.20(2003)No.4, p.61.

These membranes require the following list of specifications: · negligible permeability to liquids · high permeability to vapor · high porosity · hydrophobicity · low thermal conductivity · high resistance to chemical attacks and deposits · sufficient mechanical resistance Membrane technology has evolved and today a series of materials has these properties: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Teflon, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [8] as well as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) [6-7].
In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
Lior, Transport analysis of air-gap membrane distillation, Journal of Membrane Science 255 (2005) 239-253
Lenat, Modelling and simulation of a heat pump for simultaneous heating and cooling, Building Simulation: An International Journal 5 (2012) 219–232
Miriel, Scroll compressor modelling for heat pumps using hydrocarbons as refrigerants, International Journal of Refrigeration, International Journal of Refrigeration 41 (2014) 1-13

Johns: Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, Vol.39 (1999), pp.105-122
Chen: Materials Processing Technology, Vol.139 (2003), pp.237-242
Zhang: Journal of Agricultural Machinery, Vol.31(3) (2000), pp.92-95
Tang: Data Processing System (Science Press, Beijing 2002)
Lu: Mathematic Statistics Method (East China University of Science and Technology Press, Shanghai 2005).

Diameter-controlled synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes ZHAO TingKai1, a, ZHAO Xing2,b , YAN Jin3,c , DU Li4,d and LI TieHu5,e 1,2,3,4,5School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, China aztk-xjtu@163.com, bzhaox@163.com, cyanj@163.com, ddul@163.com, elitiehu@nwpu.edu.cn Keywords: SWCNTs, diameter control, synthesis Abstract.
Introduction Since the discovery by Iijima [1] and Bethune [2] in 1993, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) has been one of the most actively hot researches due to their unique physical, mechanical and electronic properties [3], SWCNTs are generally considered as having great potential for a broad spectrum of sciences from engineering, materials, chemistry, biology and medicine[4].
Science. 2000, 287 (5453):622-5
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 2007, 101, 093710
Applied Surface Science. (2010),

Optimization of Membrane Electrode Assemblies Anode of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell by Mathematical Modeling Chunguang Suo1,2*, Wenbin Zhang3, Hua Wang2 and Guangmin Wu1 1Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China 2Metallurgical Engineering Postdoctoral Flow Station, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China 3Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China *Corresponding author E-mail: suochunguang@126.com Keywords: micro direct methanol fuel cell; MEA; optimized anode; model Abstract.
The major assumptions adopted in the model are as follows: (1) One-dimensional model, changes in x-axis is considered; (2) Due to the high thermal conductivities of the cell components, the cell temperature is assumed to be constant and uniform; (3) The pressure is uniform within each cell compartment; (4) Materials in each catalyst layer are homogeneous; (5) Due to the amount of water in the anode flow channels, the membrane is considered to be fully hydrated; (6) The voltage drop caused by contact resistance is ignored; (7) The overpotential caused by methanol crossover is directly proportional to the concentration of methanol at the cathode. 3.1 Anode overpotential Bulter-Volmer equation is employed to describe the relationship between current density and anode overpotential as following Eq. (1)
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China (No. 21106060) and by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2012M511950).
“Support materials for PEMFC and DMFC electrocatalysts - A review”, J.
Power Sources, vol. 165, pp. 49-57, 2007 [6] J.S.Zhao, X.M.He, L.Wang, et al, “Addition of NH4HCO3 as pore-former in membrane electrode assembly for PEMFC”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 32, pp. 380-384, 2007 [7] Z.B.Wei, S.L.Wang, B.L.Yi, et al.

Microstructure Modification of NiO/YSZ Anode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Particle Size Gradation of YSZ Qibing Chang1, a, Xia Wang2, Jian-er Zhou1, Yongqing Wang1, Guangyao Meng3 and Xingqin Liu3 1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333001, China 2College of Science and Art, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333001, China 3 Department of Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China a changqb1258@hotmail.com Keywords: solid oxide fuel cell; Ni-YSZ anode; particle size gradation Abstract.
Introduction Ni/YSZ is the most commonly anode materials used as anode in solid oxide fuel cell due to its advantage in the good chemical stability in reducing atmosphere at high temperature and the good physical and chemical compatibility to YSZ electrolyte.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51062006), Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 211092), and Natural Science fund of Jiangxi (No. 20114BAB213012).
Bagger, Composite Electrodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Similar Solid State Devices, Journal of Electroceramics 5:2, 141-152, 2000 [2] W.

Dyeing Properties of Nylon Fabrics with Mangrove Bark Extract via Mordanting Methods Nattaya Punrattanasin1,a, Monthon Nakpathom2,b, Buppha Somboon2,c, Nootsara Narumol2,d, Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai3,e, and Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit * 4,f 1Department of Textile Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Pathumthani, Thailand 2National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand 4Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 3Department of Textile Chemistry Technology, Faculty of Industrial Textiles and Fashion Design, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand anat_236@yahoo.com, bmonthonn@mtec.or.th, cbupphas@mtec.or.th, dnootsarn@mtec.or.th, and enattadon.r@ku.ac.th, frattanaphol.m@rmutp.ac.th *corresponding author Keywords: Natural dyes, mangrove bark, dyeing, nylon
Experimental Materials Scoured nylon woven fabric (thickness 0.08 mm, weight 54 g/m2, fabric count per inch 105 X 80) was obtained from a commercial source.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Faculty of Science and Technology Research Fund, Thammasat University.
Sani Ibrahim: Corrosion Science Vol. 49 (2007), p. 402
Shah AK.: Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists Vol. 116, (2000), p. 10.

Material properties The material properties of all the parts were assumed to be linearly elastic.
The part materials were modeled as isotropic, with uniform elastic properties in all directions.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development Vol . 35 No. 2, June 1998 Pages 177—185
JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 12(3):72-77 · January 2000
Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 15(4):pp. 135-142.

Experimental Study on Residence Time Distribution of New Type Multi-Tubular Stirred Reactor ZHAO Qiuyue1, a, ZHANG Tingan1, b, LIU Yan1, c, LV Guozhi1, d, WANG Shuchan1, e 1School of Materials and Metallurgy ,Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004 ,China aemazhaoqy@smm.neu.edu.cn, b email:zta2000@163.net, cemail:liuyan@smm.neu.edu.cn, demail:lvgz@smm.neu.edu.cn, e email:806787658@qq. com Keywords: Residence time distribution; Multi-tubular stirred reactor; Rotation speed; Flow rate Abstract.
So it is very important for full understanding the residence time distribution of materials in the new type reactor.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50974035), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51074047) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51004033).
[8] Jianxin Yan, Ye Huang and Shou Ting Liu: Journal of Iron and Steel Research, Vol.1(1998), p. 64.