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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Wen Jin Zhao, Zhuang Li, Lun Wang, Yu Li, Zhao Sun
Our country is not liable for legally binding emissions reduction of the task at present, but the government has taken measures to deal with the greenhouse effect.
Based on emission reduction requirements about carbon intensity and energy intensity in 12th Five-Year Plan about the case of urban agglomeration and survey data, combined with the optimization model in this article, the net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area is 1.90×107t in 2015 solved by LINGO software.
Carbon intensity of the urban agglomeration "core area" in the case in 2015 reduces by 40.00% compare with those in 2010, it is higher than the national requirements which set greenhouse gas emissions in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the proposed carbon intensity decreased by 18.00% requirements in the twelfth five-year plan for the urban agglomeration in the case; at the same time, the optimization scheme (Table 2) reveals that carbon area of forest land, garden land, grassland have increased, improved the "core area" of carbon absorption ability, and the optimization plan of energy consumption is also meet the emission reduction targets which in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the urban agglomeration plan, it have down 41.86%, by pay attention to the emission reduction of carbon intensity and energy consumption, the GDP of the actual area in "core area" will reach 63 million Yuan, which can accounts
Fig. 1 The proportion of different energy consumption in the case of urban agglomeration: (A) for 2015 and (B) for 2010 Conclusions Reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions is an important goal to build a low carbon city group, using minimum net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area as the optimization objective, considering many factors such as carbon sources and carbon sinks, combines with a city group regional planning and using the energy consumption, carbon sink area of urban agglomeration in 2010 as the base period data, this paper predict the economic growth, energy consumption and land carbon sink area of urban agglomeration at the end of 12th Five-Year Plan.
This optimization model not only meets the greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission, but also completes the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets proposed by the urban agglomeration in 12th Five-Year Plan.
Based on emission reduction requirements about carbon intensity and energy intensity in 12th Five-Year Plan about the case of urban agglomeration and survey data, combined with the optimization model in this article, the net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area is 1.90×107t in 2015 solved by LINGO software.
Carbon intensity of the urban agglomeration "core area" in the case in 2015 reduces by 40.00% compare with those in 2010, it is higher than the national requirements which set greenhouse gas emissions in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the proposed carbon intensity decreased by 18.00% requirements in the twelfth five-year plan for the urban agglomeration in the case; at the same time, the optimization scheme (Table 2) reveals that carbon area of forest land, garden land, grassland have increased, improved the "core area" of carbon absorption ability, and the optimization plan of energy consumption is also meet the emission reduction targets which in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the urban agglomeration plan, it have down 41.86%, by pay attention to the emission reduction of carbon intensity and energy consumption, the GDP of the actual area in "core area" will reach 63 million Yuan, which can accounts
Fig. 1 The proportion of different energy consumption in the case of urban agglomeration: (A) for 2015 and (B) for 2010 Conclusions Reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions is an important goal to build a low carbon city group, using minimum net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area as the optimization objective, considering many factors such as carbon sources and carbon sinks, combines with a city group regional planning and using the energy consumption, carbon sink area of urban agglomeration in 2010 as the base period data, this paper predict the economic growth, energy consumption and land carbon sink area of urban agglomeration at the end of 12th Five-Year Plan.
This optimization model not only meets the greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission, but also completes the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets proposed by the urban agglomeration in 12th Five-Year Plan.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono, Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo, D. Johansyah, G. D. Kusuma, Suprayogi Suprayogi, A. Yosi, N. L. Saputro, A. T. Sidiq, Erwin Erwin, D. Natanael, Adji Kawigraha
Senanayake et al give new data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and limonitic ore [6].
The reduction process can not transform all of iron oxides to FeNi or Fe because it is lack of coal.
Forssberg; Effects of Mechanical Activation on the Reduction Behaviour of Hematite Concentrate; Int.
Dikeç; Reduction of iron ore pellets with domestic lignite coal in a rotary tube furnace; Int.
Pugaev; Reductive Acid Leaching of Laterite and Metal Oxides – A Review with New data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic Ore; Hydrometallurgy; 2011; 110:13-32 [7] M.
The reduction process can not transform all of iron oxides to FeNi or Fe because it is lack of coal.
Forssberg; Effects of Mechanical Activation on the Reduction Behaviour of Hematite Concentrate; Int.
Dikeç; Reduction of iron ore pellets with domestic lignite coal in a rotary tube furnace; Int.
Pugaev; Reductive Acid Leaching of Laterite and Metal Oxides – A Review with New data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic Ore; Hydrometallurgy; 2011; 110:13-32 [7] M.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Shu Chen Xu, Li Sha Li, Wang Hu Sun
By analyzing the phenomena of the Housing and relevant data, the paper demonstrates the urban and town housing in China is not in short supply in the aggregate and the discrepancy between housing supply and demand is due to the real estate market speculation and investment which have led to the massive housing vacancy.
Therefore, the reduction of vacant housing is more important than the implementation of green building, this conclusion, and vacant housing hazards and data are where the innovation of this article.
The data should be reliable, scientific and accurate.
and sales list Year The completed residential area of the whole society [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house sales area [ten thousand square meters] Town completed housing area [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house Residence Residence 2000 180634.32 50498.25 18637.13 16570.28 80507.92 54859.85 2001 182767.05 61582.99 22411.90 19938.75 85278.88 57476.46 2002 193730.96 73208.65 26808.29 23702.31 93018.27 59793.64 2003 205286.68 91390.49 33717.63 29778.85 93114.71 54971.52 2004 217580.48 108196.54 38231.64 33819.89 101033.76 56897.34 2005 239769.60 129078.38 55486.22 49587.83 118125.81 66141.93 2006 265565.31 151742.72 61857.07 55422.95 120705.26 63046.91 2007 315629.80 186788.43 77354.72 70135.88 134247.50 68820.78 2008 364354.38 222891.80 65969.83 59280.35 147066.41 75969.06 2009 93713.00 85294.00 83565.96* 2010 104349.00 93052.00 91922.56* total 650094.78 581957.85 954441.54 Notes: Because of some data
Conclusions The reduction of vacant housing is more important than the development of green building.
Therefore, the reduction of vacant housing is more important than the implementation of green building, this conclusion, and vacant housing hazards and data are where the innovation of this article.
The data should be reliable, scientific and accurate.
and sales list Year The completed residential area of the whole society [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house sales area [ten thousand square meters] Town completed housing area [ten thousand square meters] Commodity house Residence Residence 2000 180634.32 50498.25 18637.13 16570.28 80507.92 54859.85 2001 182767.05 61582.99 22411.90 19938.75 85278.88 57476.46 2002 193730.96 73208.65 26808.29 23702.31 93018.27 59793.64 2003 205286.68 91390.49 33717.63 29778.85 93114.71 54971.52 2004 217580.48 108196.54 38231.64 33819.89 101033.76 56897.34 2005 239769.60 129078.38 55486.22 49587.83 118125.81 66141.93 2006 265565.31 151742.72 61857.07 55422.95 120705.26 63046.91 2007 315629.80 186788.43 77354.72 70135.88 134247.50 68820.78 2008 364354.38 222891.80 65969.83 59280.35 147066.41 75969.06 2009 93713.00 85294.00 83565.96* 2010 104349.00 93052.00 91922.56* total 650094.78 581957.85 954441.54 Notes: Because of some data
Conclusions The reduction of vacant housing is more important than the development of green building.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Bao Lin Zhu, Miao Miao Tian, Yan Hua Cao
Directly saving by use existing materials
It is can be seen from the table below, a total reduction of £199,658, which means more than 50% expense of the conventional methods has been saved by using in situ recycling.
Reduction of energy used in construction A big amount of lorry movements were avoided by not taking existing materials away for disposal and not having to transport new materials to site.
The reduction in the number of vehicles used also caused less exhausted emitted to the air.
Reduction of delays on the network Road closures would probably be required during the construction period and it would cause road network to be less effective than before.
Using tables to list items of cost to compare the different expenditures during the project construction period could give an instinct information of the different economy efficiencies to help judgment making, and using data to act as the evidence in an argument is more sensitive and reliable.
Reduction of energy used in construction A big amount of lorry movements were avoided by not taking existing materials away for disposal and not having to transport new materials to site.
The reduction in the number of vehicles used also caused less exhausted emitted to the air.
Reduction of delays on the network Road closures would probably be required during the construction period and it would cause road network to be less effective than before.
Using tables to list items of cost to compare the different expenditures during the project construction period could give an instinct information of the different economy efficiencies to help judgment making, and using data to act as the evidence in an argument is more sensitive and reliable.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: He Sheng Tang, Chang Yuan Hu, Li Xin Deng, Song Tao Xue
In this paper, evidence theory is proposed as an alternative to the classical probability theory to handle the imprecise data situation.
Recently, evidence theory has become a focal point of research in international academic, and is widely used in uncertainty reasoning, target identification, fault diagnosis and data fusion [3,4,5,6].
In fact, data in the case (a) can be regarded as a special case of data in the case (b) when the uncertain parameter is taken a single value.
Evidence theory can represent many types of uncertain data, and it has good compatibility with probability theory, so evidence theory has the potential to handle epistemic uncertainty quantization.
[5] Zhang Xiaoming, Wang Hangyu, Huang Da, Cooperative multi-platform data fusion based on D-S evidence theory, Computer Engineering, 2007, 33(11): 242-243(246)
Recently, evidence theory has become a focal point of research in international academic, and is widely used in uncertainty reasoning, target identification, fault diagnosis and data fusion [3,4,5,6].
In fact, data in the case (a) can be regarded as a special case of data in the case (b) when the uncertain parameter is taken a single value.
Evidence theory can represent many types of uncertain data, and it has good compatibility with probability theory, so evidence theory has the potential to handle epistemic uncertainty quantization.
[5] Zhang Xiaoming, Wang Hangyu, Huang Da, Cooperative multi-platform data fusion based on D-S evidence theory, Computer Engineering, 2007, 33(11): 242-243(246)
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Sokrates T. Pantelides, S. Dhar, Tamara Isaacs-Smith, John R. Williams, Leonard C. Feldman, S.R. Wang, Ayayi Claude Ahyi
Annealing
nitridated interfaces in hydrogen results in a further reduction of trap density (from ~10
12 cm-2 eV
-1
to ~5 x 10
11 cm-2 eV
-1 at EC-E ~0.1 eV).
In a previous work, it has been shown that the trap density reduction is dependent only on the amount of interfacial N, and not on the anneal time or temperature [15].
It has been shown previously that the N induced trap reduction saturates after a critical amount of interfacial N uptake [15].
The data are an average of ~10 capacitors.
Comparison with the 'NO only' data reveals a ~ 30 % lower Dit at EC-E ~0.1 eV and deeper in the band-gap, i.e. from EC - E = 0.6 eV to 1.6 eV.
In a previous work, it has been shown that the trap density reduction is dependent only on the amount of interfacial N, and not on the anneal time or temperature [15].
It has been shown previously that the N induced trap reduction saturates after a critical amount of interfacial N uptake [15].
The data are an average of ~10 capacitors.
Comparison with the 'NO only' data reveals a ~ 30 % lower Dit at EC-E ~0.1 eV and deeper in the band-gap, i.e. from EC - E = 0.6 eV to 1.6 eV.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Sheng Zhang, Wan Lu Jiang, Jin Na He
Optimizing the modal with the new algorithm, the empirical data and method of weighting, the result of quantum chaos multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is more reasonable.
Considering the shape quality, rolling force and power distribution, some objective functions are chosen and solved by an optimization algorithm, then the reduction, tension and other rolling parameters are obtained.
This method can avoid relying on the experience of operators and overcome the shortages of the energy consumption method which require a lot of product data[1].
The relative reduction is as the decision vector.
Furthermore, the experience method is against the new product development, because it needs to accumulate new data when changing Product specifications.
Considering the shape quality, rolling force and power distribution, some objective functions are chosen and solved by an optimization algorithm, then the reduction, tension and other rolling parameters are obtained.
This method can avoid relying on the experience of operators and overcome the shortages of the energy consumption method which require a lot of product data[1].
The relative reduction is as the decision vector.
Furthermore, the experience method is against the new product development, because it needs to accumulate new data when changing Product specifications.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Hiroshi Moriyama, Wei Xing Chen, Su Min Wang, Qi Guan Wang, Jian Ping Li
It was found that, after a conductive polymer of polyaniline was chemically incorporated onto the surface of the SWNTs by using electropolymerization method, the CV data showed a single reversible redox couple, which indicated a more stable state.
Surprisingly, the CV data of the SAM–ITO electrodes (Figure 4a) in a 1.0 M H2SO4 aqueous solution demonstrated that oxidation occurred at 0.42 and 0.56 V and reduction occurred at 0.24 V, which showed a lower stability.
However, the CV data recorded for polyaniline end-capped SAM–ITO (Figure 4b) showed two reversible redox couples occurring at 0.64 and 0.22 V under the same conditions, which were assigned to the oxidation and reduction of the polyaniline between the leucoemeraldine and emeraldine oxidation states.
In addition, the observed S 2p feature showed the presence of acid sulfonate (–SO2×OH) groups on the functionalized SWNTs, which is consistent with the FTIR data discussed above.
Surprisingly, the CV data of the SAM–ITO electrodes (Figure 4a) in a 1.0 M H2SO4 aqueous solution demonstrated that oxidation occurred at 0.42 and 0.56 V and reduction occurred at 0.24 V, which showed a lower stability.
However, the CV data recorded for polyaniline end-capped SAM–ITO (Figure 4b) showed two reversible redox couples occurring at 0.64 and 0.22 V under the same conditions, which were assigned to the oxidation and reduction of the polyaniline between the leucoemeraldine and emeraldine oxidation states.
In addition, the observed S 2p feature showed the presence of acid sulfonate (–SO2×OH) groups on the functionalized SWNTs, which is consistent with the FTIR data discussed above.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Feng Zou, Jian Wu Wang
From Eq. 4, it is thus clear that the marginal spectrum is the integration of time-frequency spectrum on the time axis, which reflects the amplitude distribution in every frequency point, and also reflects the accumulative amplitude of the amplitude with the probability meaning in the entire data span.
Extraction Method of Rotor System Fault Feature The extraction method steps of Hilbert marginal spectrum feature of the rotor system vibration signal are shown as follows: (1) The integrated EMD noise reduction disposal is made on the rotor system vibration signal [4], gaining the relatively independent IMF{…}
Application in Extraction of Rotor System Fault Feature In the rotor experiment table, the typical fault experiment of rotor system is conducted, and the data sample of data is gained.
Firstly, the integrated EMD noise reduction is made on the vibration signal, to eliminate the high frequency noise and burr interference.
For the IMF component after the noise reduction, apply the validity check method of mechanical vibration mode, select the vibration mode IMF which can reflect the rotor vibration characteristics, and eliminate the false IMF component.
Extraction Method of Rotor System Fault Feature The extraction method steps of Hilbert marginal spectrum feature of the rotor system vibration signal are shown as follows: (1) The integrated EMD noise reduction disposal is made on the rotor system vibration signal [4], gaining the relatively independent IMF{…}
Application in Extraction of Rotor System Fault Feature In the rotor experiment table, the typical fault experiment of rotor system is conducted, and the data sample of data is gained.
Firstly, the integrated EMD noise reduction is made on the vibration signal, to eliminate the high frequency noise and burr interference.
For the IMF component after the noise reduction, apply the validity check method of mechanical vibration mode, select the vibration mode IMF which can reflect the rotor vibration characteristics, and eliminate the false IMF component.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xi Ping Bai
The deformation degree of the cold extruded height
The deformation degree of the cold extruded height is shown by high reduction ratio.
According to the data [4],the high reduction ratio is: εh—the reduction ratio of the cold extruded height H0—the original height before the cold extrusion blank changed.
H1—the height after the cold extrusion blank changed = Check the data [5], the allowable degree of deformation of the 20steel cold extrusion is εhmax=65~70%。
The calculation of the extrusion pressure According to the data [6],the extrusion force calculated by the following equation: Type: P-the maximum extrusion pressure F- the compression area after the extrusion is ended 5.The design of the mold structure 5.1.
According to the data [4],the high reduction ratio is: εh—the reduction ratio of the cold extruded height H0—the original height before the cold extrusion blank changed.
H1—the height after the cold extrusion blank changed = Check the data [5], the allowable degree of deformation of the 20steel cold extrusion is εhmax=65~70%。
The calculation of the extrusion pressure According to the data [6],the extrusion force calculated by the following equation: Type: P-the maximum extrusion pressure F- the compression area after the extrusion is ended 5.The design of the mold structure 5.1.