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Online since: December 2014
Authors: Abdelallah Shaheen, Adel A. Abou El Ela, Ragab Abdelaziz El-Sehiemy
Table 1 and 2 show the transmission line data and bus-data of the 5-bus test system, respectively.
Table 1: Bus Data vmin (P.U.)
QMIN (MVAr) QMAX (MVAr) Qd (MVAr) Pd (MW) Qg (MVAr) Pg (MW) Bus No 0.95 1.05 0 1.05 -120 120 50 65 89.57 89.57 1 0.95 1.05 0 1.02 -90 90 50 85 60 180 2 0.95 1.05 - 0.97 - 100 45 75 0 0 3 0.95 1.05 - 0.96 - 0 45 75 0 0 4 0.95 1.05 0 1.02 -150 150 100 150 40 140 5 Table 2: Transmission Lines Data Max flow (MVAr) a (at nl side) BC (P.U.)
The real power losses however, slightly increased to 4.47 MW compared with Case 1, giving a 32.35% reduction.
In case 1, the real transmission losses decreased from 18.08 MW to 15.58 MW, representing a reduction 13.83%.
Table 1: Bus Data vmin (P.U.)
QMIN (MVAr) QMAX (MVAr) Qd (MVAr) Pd (MW) Qg (MVAr) Pg (MW) Bus No 0.95 1.05 0 1.05 -120 120 50 65 89.57 89.57 1 0.95 1.05 0 1.02 -90 90 50 85 60 180 2 0.95 1.05 - 0.97 - 100 45 75 0 0 3 0.95 1.05 - 0.96 - 0 45 75 0 0 4 0.95 1.05 0 1.02 -150 150 100 150 40 140 5 Table 2: Transmission Lines Data Max flow (MVAr) a (at nl side) BC (P.U.)
The real power losses however, slightly increased to 4.47 MW compared with Case 1, giving a 32.35% reduction.
In case 1, the real transmission losses decreased from 18.08 MW to 15.58 MW, representing a reduction 13.83%.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Min Zhang, Jian Hua Zeng, Xing Di Yang, Yao Xian Zeng
To accurately control the Si content and ensure the function of slag refining in high aluminum steel, the direction and limits of reduction reaction for SiO2 were analyzed based on the thermodynamics.
Using simplex method, the experimental data was changed into a triangle form.
Fig.7 shows that when the alkalinity is greater than 1.5, a significant reduction of aSiO2 appears.
While content of SiO2 is less than 4%, SiO2 do not be restored basically; While content of SiO2 is 10% and 20%, reduction amount of SiO2 reaches 38.6% and 40.7% due to high activity of the slag.
Fig.14 Relationship between SiO2 amount in refining slag and Si in steel Table 4 Proportion of SiO2 restored in slags % Scheme 1 2 3 4 5 The content of SiO2 in slag 0 2 4 10 20 The reduction of SiO2 in slag 0 - 0 38.6 40.7 Table 5 Content of S in slag and its distribution ratio Scheme [%S] /% (%S) /% Ls 1 0.005 0.36 72 2 0.004 0.38 95 3 0.004 0.38 95 4 0.005 0.36 72 5 0.006 0.38 95 Above control considering the desulfurization capacity of ladle slag, CaO/Al2O3 is controlled between 1.6 and 1.9.
Using simplex method, the experimental data was changed into a triangle form.
Fig.7 shows that when the alkalinity is greater than 1.5, a significant reduction of aSiO2 appears.
While content of SiO2 is less than 4%, SiO2 do not be restored basically; While content of SiO2 is 10% and 20%, reduction amount of SiO2 reaches 38.6% and 40.7% due to high activity of the slag.
Fig.14 Relationship between SiO2 amount in refining slag and Si in steel Table 4 Proportion of SiO2 restored in slags % Scheme 1 2 3 4 5 The content of SiO2 in slag 0 2 4 10 20 The reduction of SiO2 in slag 0 - 0 38.6 40.7 Table 5 Content of S in slag and its distribution ratio Scheme [%S] /% (%S) /% Ls 1 0.005 0.36 72 2 0.004 0.38 95 3 0.004 0.38 95 4 0.005 0.36 72 5 0.006 0.38 95 Above control considering the desulfurization capacity of ladle slag, CaO/Al2O3 is controlled between 1.6 and 1.9.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xue Song Li, Su Li Zhang, Hong Yi Li
Due to needs of data analysis andcollation, the roof of College of Architecture and Urban Planning of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) will be arranged as the designated test point of background meteorological data during testing.
This test is planned to be conducted in 6 periods on two public holiday and working day in January and 12 groups of data will be totally tested.
In order to ensure the accuracy of data processing, the time of the camera, computer,black-ball thermometer, temperature and humidity self-recording device and car clock must be set prior to each test.
Analysis and comparison of data in the evening between January 1 and 9.
•Through test and data collation, it is found that the artificial consumption, especially for automobile exhaust and air conditioning, lighting, and the like can have great impacts on the urban thermal environment.In view of this, energy conservation and emission reduction, urban public transportationdevelopment and effective control of motor vehicle growth are one of the important measures for improving the thermal comfort of the city.
This test is planned to be conducted in 6 periods on two public holiday and working day in January and 12 groups of data will be totally tested.
In order to ensure the accuracy of data processing, the time of the camera, computer,black-ball thermometer, temperature and humidity self-recording device and car clock must be set prior to each test.
Analysis and comparison of data in the evening between January 1 and 9.
•Through test and data collation, it is found that the artificial consumption, especially for automobile exhaust and air conditioning, lighting, and the like can have great impacts on the urban thermal environment.In view of this, energy conservation and emission reduction, urban public transportationdevelopment and effective control of motor vehicle growth are one of the important measures for improving the thermal comfort of the city.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Yao Feng Zhang, Bo Qin Gu, Yi Ding
The specimens treated by plasma spray have longer fracture time
and larger area reduction.
Table. 1 Electrochemical data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2 Al2O3-TiO2 Al2O3 Without coating Corrosion potential φc [V] -0.554 -0.595 -0.647 -0.774 Current density ic [A/cm 2 ] 9.024×10-7 6.003×10-6 8.573×106 4.561×10-5 SSRT test.
The SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel specimens with and without plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution are listed in Table 2, where the test data obtained in air are also included.
Table. 2 SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Coating material Reduction rate ψ [%] Elongation rate δ [%] Failure time tr [h] Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2, in H2S solution 34.7 16.3 26.5 Al2O3-TiO2, in H2S solution 28.6 13.8 22.7 Al2O3, in H2S solution 21.5 11.9 20.7 Without coating, in H2S solution 14.8 10.5 14.7 Without coating, in air 42.0 22.4 33.1 Fig.2 shows the SEM fractographs of the tensile specimens of 08Cr2AlMo steel with the plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution.
Table. 1 Electrochemical data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2 Al2O3-TiO2 Al2O3 Without coating Corrosion potential φc [V] -0.554 -0.595 -0.647 -0.774 Current density ic [A/cm 2 ] 9.024×10-7 6.003×10-6 8.573×106 4.561×10-5 SSRT test.
The SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel specimens with and without plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution are listed in Table 2, where the test data obtained in air are also included.
Table. 2 SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Coating material Reduction rate ψ [%] Elongation rate δ [%] Failure time tr [h] Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2, in H2S solution 34.7 16.3 26.5 Al2O3-TiO2, in H2S solution 28.6 13.8 22.7 Al2O3, in H2S solution 21.5 11.9 20.7 Without coating, in H2S solution 14.8 10.5 14.7 Without coating, in air 42.0 22.4 33.1 Fig.2 shows the SEM fractographs of the tensile specimens of 08Cr2AlMo steel with the plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Pete Walker, Enrico Fodde, Kevin Paine, Mike Lawrence
Performance data
Data presented in this paper relate to the period between 13th May 2011 and 24th May 2011.
For comparison purposes data are also presented from an unheated building in Liskeard, Cornwall in the far south-west of England (the office).
Data analysis Thermal damping.
Work is ongoing to confirm the hygrothermal data required to characterise the ID and 2D hygrothermal performance of low density hemp-lime using WUFI® software, and 3D performance using TAS® and IES VE® models.
These data are being combined with data from experimental panels to develop a hygrothermal computer model for hemp-lime buildings.
For comparison purposes data are also presented from an unheated building in Liskeard, Cornwall in the far south-west of England (the office).
Data analysis Thermal damping.
Work is ongoing to confirm the hygrothermal data required to characterise the ID and 2D hygrothermal performance of low density hemp-lime using WUFI® software, and 3D performance using TAS® and IES VE® models.
These data are being combined with data from experimental panels to develop a hygrothermal computer model for hemp-lime buildings.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Xiao Fang Yang, Qian Ning Guo, Xiu Chuan Lei, Robert E. Sanders Jr, Yan Xiang Liang, Lu Wang, Zhen Zhen Fan
The EBSD data were analyzed with Channel 5 software and the EBSD maps were recorded without optimization.
However, for this set of data, there is no clear statistical evidence that heating rate had a large effect on grain size.
The effect of prior recovery on the rapidly heated samples was less apparent and will be addressed in conjunction with the texture data in the Discussion section of this paper.
The texture data for the Group A and B samples are shown in Fig. 5(a) and (b).
Volume fraction of texture in (a) Group A (slow heating rate); (b) Group B (rapid heating rate); (c) Group C (recovery + slow heating rate); (d) Group D (recovery + rapid heating rate) Discussion Before the recrystallization data is discussed, a few comments about the grain size measurement process are necessary.
However, for this set of data, there is no clear statistical evidence that heating rate had a large effect on grain size.
The effect of prior recovery on the rapidly heated samples was less apparent and will be addressed in conjunction with the texture data in the Discussion section of this paper.
The texture data for the Group A and B samples are shown in Fig. 5(a) and (b).
Volume fraction of texture in (a) Group A (slow heating rate); (b) Group B (rapid heating rate); (c) Group C (recovery + slow heating rate); (d) Group D (recovery + rapid heating rate) Discussion Before the recrystallization data is discussed, a few comments about the grain size measurement process are necessary.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: Georg Frommeyer, André Schneider, Stefan Zaefferer, Satoru Kobayashi, Dierk Raabe
From the slope of the data derived from
the 600R sample, an activation energy of
234 kJmol-1 is obtained for the ordered
state, while for the disordered state the
activation energy is 408 kJmol-1 a.
It is also noted that the difference between the activation energies for the ordered and the disordered state is much less significant in the data derived from the 400R sample.
a Since the A2-B2 transition is a second order transformation, it is expected that the data show a bend in recrystallisation kinetics around Tc.
In the case of a first order transformation [6, 7], the data show a jump at Tc.
During annealing at 900°C the high value in the 400R sample rapidly decreases and joins the curves of the data derived from the 600R sample just after 10 seconds, while at 800 and 700 °C the values still keep higher than the 600R curves even after several minutes.
It is also noted that the difference between the activation energies for the ordered and the disordered state is much less significant in the data derived from the 400R sample.
a Since the A2-B2 transition is a second order transformation, it is expected that the data show a bend in recrystallisation kinetics around Tc.
In the case of a first order transformation [6, 7], the data show a jump at Tc.
During annealing at 900°C the high value in the 400R sample rapidly decreases and joins the curves of the data derived from the 600R sample just after 10 seconds, while at 800 and 700 °C the values still keep higher than the 600R curves even after several minutes.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Widya Wijayanti
However, in the research, the tar and generated gas yields data was not considered.
The pyrolysis process was allowed to proceed during 2 hours every taking the data.
It means that each data was taken around 2 hours in different temperature variations.
The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the reduction of mass and volume of the waste.
Meanwhile, at T=300°C, the pyrolysis process induced the greatest mass reduction caused by the decomposition of its component.
The pyrolysis process was allowed to proceed during 2 hours every taking the data.
It means that each data was taken around 2 hours in different temperature variations.
The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the reduction of mass and volume of the waste.
Meanwhile, at T=300°C, the pyrolysis process induced the greatest mass reduction caused by the decomposition of its component.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Li Ma
Fuzzy-style production rules
In real-world, many data cannot be expressed by the precise form, so fuzzy-style production rules are adapted to express that fuzzy and uncertain knowledge.
The AEMCGO-FPN after reduction is shown as figure.2.
It can be seen from the result data that the factors such as low intensity of coal, strong coal crushing and poor ventilation of coal body has close relationship with coal and gas outburst accident.
AEMCGO-FPN after reduction References [1] Xin Yan, Hua Fu.
Prediction of coal and gas outburst based on data fusion and case-based reasoning, Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 41(z1):59-63,2011
The AEMCGO-FPN after reduction is shown as figure.2.
It can be seen from the result data that the factors such as low intensity of coal, strong coal crushing and poor ventilation of coal body has close relationship with coal and gas outburst accident.
AEMCGO-FPN after reduction References [1] Xin Yan, Hua Fu.
Prediction of coal and gas outburst based on data fusion and case-based reasoning, Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 41(z1):59-63,2011
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Xuan Ya Wang, Yao Bing Wang
Related data shows that install VOCs recovery unit (VRU) can produce large quantity of energy-saving efficiency.
From the data comparison analyzes the relationship between VRU recovery rate, emission limits and energy consumption.
The data that mention in this paper can do the contribution to promoting VOCs recovery techniques develop in each industry in china.
Energy-saving Assessment Case Study Taking a 200m3 capacity VRU for example, the detection data showed in table2.
VRU Energy-saving Efficiency Comparison Researchers have did investigation job and detection work toward other VRU in China or abroad countries, some of the energy-saving efficiency data already been done.
From the data comparison analyzes the relationship between VRU recovery rate, emission limits and energy consumption.
The data that mention in this paper can do the contribution to promoting VOCs recovery techniques develop in each industry in china.
Energy-saving Assessment Case Study Taking a 200m3 capacity VRU for example, the detection data showed in table2.
VRU Energy-saving Efficiency Comparison Researchers have did investigation job and detection work toward other VRU in China or abroad countries, some of the energy-saving efficiency data already been done.