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The specimens treated by plasma spray have longer fracture time and larger area reduction.
Table. 1 Electrochemical data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2 Al2O3-TiO2 Al2O3 Without coating Corrosion potential φc [V] -0.554 -0.595 -0.647 -0.774 Current density ic [A/cm 2 ] 9.024×10-7 6.003×10-6 8.573×106 4.561×10-5 SSRT test.
The SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel specimens with and without plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution are listed in Table 2, where the test data obtained in air are also included.
Table. 2 SSRT data of 08Cr2AlMo steel with different coatings Coating material Reduction rate ψ [%] Elongation rate δ [%] Failure time tr [h] Cr2O3-TiO2- SiO2, in H2S solution 34.7 16.3 26.5 Al2O3-TiO2, in H2S solution 28.6 13.8 22.7 Al2O3, in H2S solution 21.5 11.9 20.7 Without coating, in H2S solution 14.8 10.5 14.7 Without coating, in air 42.0 22.4 33.1 Fig.2 shows the SEM fractographs of the tensile specimens of 08Cr2AlMo steel with the plasma sprayed coatings in saturated H2S solution.

Two main fibre effects were observed: a significant reduction of irreversible strains when the specimens were loaded and then heated and cooled and a different evolution in LITS passing from 200°C to 400°C, characterized by a significant reduction of the expected deformation.
In order to support high temperatures without loss of data acquisition, the displacements were measured with three LVDTs placed outside the oven and not subjected to high temperatures.
In general, a better prediction was achieved with the introduction of the reduction factor.
From the experimental results, one can notice that the curvature of the experimental LITS compliance (JLITS) curve is modified after 200°C (reduction of LITS growth rate).
· The curvature of the experimental LITS compliance (JLITS) curve is modified after 200°C (reduction of LITS growth rate) and this could be an effect introduced by steel fibres.

The dynamical data fit very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the calculated adsorption capacities (23.98, 24.33 and 24.81 mg/g) were in good agreement with experiment results at 20℃, 30℃ and 40 ℃ for the 100 mg/L Cr(VI) solution.
The Freundlich model (R2 values were 0.9198-0.9871) fitted adsorption data better than the Langmuir model.
These results have shown that the experimental data do not well agree with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
In the present study, the equilibrium data of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the GPC at pH 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 were fitted with the Langmuir equation and the Freundlich equation.
Conformation of the experimental data into Langmuir isotherm model with high R2 value indicates the homogeneous nature of the adsorbent surface.

To accurately control the Si content and ensure the function of slag refining in high aluminum steel, the direction and limits of reduction reaction for SiO2 were analyzed based on the thermodynamics.
Using simplex method, the experimental data was changed into a triangle form.
Fig.7 shows that when the alkalinity is greater than 1.5, a significant reduction of aSiO2 appears.
While content of SiO2 is less than 4%, SiO2 do not be restored basically; While content of SiO2 is 10% and 20%, reduction amount of SiO2 reaches 38.6% and 40.7% due to high activity of the slag.
Fig.14 Relationship between SiO2 amount in refining slag and Si in steel Table 4 Proportion of SiO2 restored in slags % Scheme 1 2 3 4 5 The content of SiO2 in slag 0 2 4 10 20 The reduction of SiO2 in slag 0 - 0 38.6 40.7 Table 5 Content of S in slag and its distribution ratio Scheme [%S] /% (%S) /% Ls 1 0.005 0.36 72 2 0.004 0.38 95 3 0.004 0.38 95 4 0.005 0.36 72 5 0.006 0.38 95 Above control considering the desulfurization capacity of ladle slag, CaO/Al2O3 is controlled between 1.6 and 1.9.

Therefore last century many papers talked about ultimate reduction[1,2,3,4,5,6], that’s ,there is an ultimate condition, beyond which press can not be achieved no matter how large rolling force is.
According to an American data[6], tinning low carbon steel could be rolled to as thin as 0.05 millimeter on a rolling mill whose work roller diameter is 553 millimeter, while according to the equation in above-mentioned papers the calculated minimum rolled thickness is about 0.05 millimeter.
The theory will be used in the productive practice. 1 Formation of basic model 1.1 Chief introduction of rolling force model Compared with many papers about ultimate reduction printed last century, it was found that in the process of building forecasting model between rolling force and minimum rolled thickness, coulomb friction theory was used when calculating friction force , namely friction force in rolling deformation zone was direct ratio to normal pressure .
The true practical minimum rolled thickness should be the minimum thickness which at least guarantees the reduction .
Table 1 Experimental result introduction of the minimum rolled thickness Parameter name 1 2 3 Roll diameter D (mm) 500 500 500 Strip width B (mm) 700 930 965 Entry tension (t) 0.5 0.9 1.0 Exit tension (t) 1.1 2.1 1.9 Minimum reduction ratio ε (%) 30 29 29 Allowable rolling force P (t) 1470 1470 1470 Product intensityσs (Mpa) 900 950 1000 Rolling speed v () 1200 1200 1200 Calculation of the minimum rolled thickness (mm) 0.152 0.164 0.170 Specially in table1, the value of the minimum rolled thickness in traditional formula is not listed for the reason that the allowable rolling force and minimum reduction ratio problems are not considered in traditional formula, so the results are not comparable. 3 Conclusions In fully consideration of production and process features of ultrathin strip steel, aiming at the 1220 cold tandem mill of China, taking account of the issues of allowable rolling pressure and production efficiency, after a large number of field experiments and theoretical

Senanayake et al give new data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and limonitic ore [6].
The reduction process can not transform all of iron oxides to FeNi or Fe because it is lack of coal.
Forssberg; Effects of Mechanical Activation on the Reduction Behaviour of Hematite Concentrate; Int.
Dikeç; Reduction of iron ore pellets with domestic lignite coal in a rotary tube furnace; Int.
Pugaev; Reductive Acid Leaching of Laterite and Metal Oxides – A Review with New data for Fe(Ni,Co)OOH and a limonitic Ore; Hydrometallurgy; 2011; 110:13-32 [7] M.

Our country is not liable for legally binding emissions reduction of the task at present, but the government has taken measures to deal with the greenhouse effect.
Based on emission reduction requirements about carbon intensity and energy intensity in 12th Five-Year Plan about the case of urban agglomeration and survey data, combined with the optimization model in this article, the net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area is 1.90×107t in 2015 solved by LINGO software.
Carbon intensity of the urban agglomeration "core area" in the case in 2015 reduces by 40.00% compare with those in 2010, it is higher than the national requirements which set greenhouse gas emissions in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the proposed carbon intensity decreased by 18.00% requirements in the twelfth five-year plan for the urban agglomeration in the case; at the same time, the optimization scheme (Table 2) reveals that carbon area of forest land, garden land, grassland have increased, improved the "core area" of carbon absorption ability, and the optimization plan of energy consumption is also meet the emission reduction targets which in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission and the urban agglomeration plan, it have down 41.86%, by pay attention to the emission reduction of carbon intensity and energy consumption, the GDP of the actual area in "core area" will reach 63 million Yuan, which can accounts
Fig.  1 The proportion of different energy consumption in the case of urban agglomeration: (A) for 2015 and (B) for 2010 Conclusions Reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions is an important goal to build a low carbon city group, using minimum net carbon emissions of the urban agglomeration area as the optimization objective, considering many factors such as carbon sources and carbon sinks, combines with a city group regional planning and using the energy consumption, carbon sink area of urban agglomeration in 2010 as the base period data, this paper predict the economic growth, energy consumption and land carbon sink area of urban agglomeration at the end of 12th Five-Year Plan.
This optimization model not only meets the greenhouse gas emission reduction requirements in 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission, but also completes the greenhouse gas emission reduction targets proposed by the urban agglomeration in 12th Five-Year Plan.

The extent of this strength reduction depends on whether coarse or fine aggregates are being replaced.
It is estimated that around 780 million tonnes of raw steel fibers (assuming 20% steel content in tires) could be accumulated from thirty-two states (EU28, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, and Turkey) based on the 2018 data on tire waste [55].
This reduction can be attributed to the melting of CR at 200°C.
Overall, the data suggests that increasing CR content does not markedly influence the impact resistance, neither at the stage of initial cracking nor at ultimate failure, when WSF is present.
Data Availability Data will be made available upon request References [1] U.S.T.M.

To remain competitive a company must continually identify cost reduction opportunities in production, exploit economic opportunities, and continuously improve production processes.
The elimination of coolants or significant reduction in cooling lubricants affects all components of a production system.
There are efforts for reductions of these effects all over the world.
The availability of 3D data made possible to simulate researches in many fields.
Generally, they can be divided into distinct groups: · amplitude parameters - being measures of the vertical characteristics of the surface deviations; · spacing parameters - being measures of the horizontal characteristics of the surface deviations; · hybrid parameters - are some combination of amplitude and spacing parameters; · statistical parameters - amplitude heights treated as statistical data sets.

Table 1 and 2 show the transmission line data and bus-data of the 5-bus test system, respectively.
Table 1: Bus Data vmin (P.U.)
QMIN (MVAr) QMAX (MVAr) Qd (MVAr) Pd (MW) Qg (MVAr) Pg (MW) Bus No 0.95 1.05 0 1.05 -120 120 50 65 89.57 89.57 1 0.95 1.05 0 1.02 -90 90 50 85 60 180 2 0.95 1.05 - 0.97 - 100 45 75 0 0 3 0.95 1.05 - 0.96 - 0 45 75 0 0 4 0.95 1.05 0 1.02 -150 150 100 150 40 140 5 Table 2: Transmission Lines Data Max flow (MVAr) a (at nl side) BC (P.U.)
The real power losses however, slightly increased to 4.47 MW compared with Case 1, giving a 32.35% reduction.
In case 1, the real transmission losses decreased from 18.08 MW to 15.58 MW, representing a reduction 13.83%.