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Combined extrusion experiment was conducted with the temperature of 440 o C, and with a reduction of 70% for the thickness of the billet.
EBSD micrograph of 7050 Al alloy: (a) after solution treatment, b) ahead of filling, (c) filling reduction of 25%, and (d) filling reduction of 85%.
Table.1 shows the fraction evolution of characteristic microstructure by EBSD data.
As a kind of dynamic softening behavior, the generation of recrystallization will be considered to give a reduction of hardness.
EBSD images for microstructure evolution during indirect extrusion: (a) ahead of filling, (b) reduction of 60%, (c) reduction of 85%.

As the percent replacement increased, the larger percentage of expansion reduction was.
The mixture with 30% BP which yielded expansion below 0.05% at 14 days after acceleration, was chosen to study the effect on strength reduction, compared to the plain mixtures under normal and accelerated conditions.
However this deterioration type has been firstly reported in Thailand in 2009 [2,3] and led to an awareness of the lack of data on local raw materials, which hindered the understanding of the mechanism of local cases of ASR.
The compressive strength reduction at age of 19 day was observed for mixtures using brick powder.
However after accelerated curing, only small reduction in strength of approximately 4% was observed for samples with 30% of brick powder replacement, compared to the similar mixture under normal condition. 5.

Al6061-12 wt% SiC shows reduction in tensile strength in comparison with the other two in spite of improvement in hardness.
Optical micrographs of the samples are taken and identified the presence of dendritic segregation as the actual cause for the (UTS) reduction.
Due to reduction in strength at heat affected zone (HAZ) they do not exhibit perfect endurance limit [1, 2].
Figure 1: Hardness value distribution in the weldment Tensile Strength Figure 2 shows the reduction in tensile strength in as weld condition for 12% SiC compared to 8 & 10% SiC, but hardness value was found to be more.
From the experimental data, it is clear that the tensile properties of the welded joint have improved to a greater extent by the combined effect of homogenizing and age hardening treatment.

One year's data from a representative portion of the SCC-exposed pipeline is shown in figure 1.
Measured strain gauge data from under the composite repair sleeves (figure 6b) compared well with the predictions from modelling.
However, using BS7910 with mean + 2 standard deviation crack growth data growth was conservatively predicted crack in all cases.
However, some cracks grew more rapidly and crack growth was under-predicted with the use of mean data.
The use of the mean + 2 standard deviation data from BS7910 is recommended as it overestimated all observed crack growth.

Weight reduction are one of the optimizations of the product that can make it stronger and more efficient nowadays.
Titanium alloys offers high strength with low density and high corrosion resistance that is suitable for weight reduction.
Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy especially for weight reduction application.
Second test had been done to validate the data and the results showing the same pattern.
Thus, high speed cutting of Ti-6Al-4V offers reduction of production time in practice with lower surface roughness.

The measured data of the coupling reflection of the concrete specimens cube compressive strength and the coupling of temperature and standing time are shown in (Table 1) and (Table 2).
Table 1 Cube compressive strength under natural cooling condition fcuTR（MPa） Standing time 100˚C 300˚C 500˚C 600˚C 700˚C 800˚C One day 23.975 （0.685） 23.555 （0.673） 20.440 （0.584） 16.975 （0.485） 12.425 （0.355） 11.130 （0.318） Three days 20.825 （0.595） 19.530 （0.558） 17.675 （0.502） 9.730 （0.278） 4.725 （0.135） 4.025 （0.115） （Data in the brackets indicate the compressive strength reduction factor fcuTR/fcu ） Table 2 Cube compressive strength of the state under water cooling fcuTR（MPa） Standing time 100˚C 300˚C 500˚C 600˚C 700˚C 800˚C One day 21.42 （0.612） 20.65 （0.590） 19.18 （0.548） 16.03 （0.458） 9.450 （0.270） 7.77 （0.222） Three days 26.425 （0.755） 24.22 （0.692） 21.245 （0.607） 14.455 （0.413） 6.79 （0.194） 5.32 （0.152） （Data in the brackets indicate the compressive strength reduction factor fcuTR/fcu） For the compressive strength of concrete specimens under water cooling condition, when less than 500 ˚C, the compressive strength of one day is lower than that of three
The compressive strength under natural cooling and the compressive strength reduction factor under water cooling see (Figure 6) .
(a) (b) Fig. 6: (a) The compressive strength reduction factor under natural cooling (b) The compressive strength reduction factor under water cooling Water cooling of concrete compressive strength is lower than the natural cooling, mainly because the concrete meets water and is suddenly cooled down under high temperature, which the temperature inside and outside the concrete is uneven, resulting in internal structural damage of concrete, producing a large number of cracks.

This article will review and discuss some data on the severe plastic deformed materials with nanostructures.
Most of the data fitting to above equation are based on the testing in one direction.
For wires, the yield strength is tested in the wire axis, whereas for the strips or sheets, the data are based in rolling direction.
The most important parts for a drawing block are a swift or capstan to hold the coil of rod ready for drawing, the die which executes the actual reduction and the drawing block which supplies the load and energy for reduction.
A modified die set employing more passes with decreased reduction per pass might solve the problem.

The critical current test and data analysis are finished before the demonstration operation of the 10 kA HTS cable.
UKF, particle filter and Wavelet noise reduction are the effective ways to process the nonlinear and non-Gaussian signal, but theirs calculation burden is too heavy.
Adaptive noise reduction has a faster calculation speed, but it requires a reference signal, so the superconducting cable voltage signal is difficult to detect by using the adaptive noise reduction.
Commonly used ICA methods include FastICA algorithm, EASI algorithm, nonlinear PCA and maximum likelihood estimation algorithm based on natural gradient, which FastICA can better reduction the noise[7-8].
[7] Liu, Y.; Wang, H.; Hou, C., "UKF Based Nonlinear Filtering Using Minimum Entropy Criterion," Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , vol.61, no.20, pp.4988,4999, Oct.15, 2013 [8] Ram, M.R.; Madhav, K.V.; Krishna, E.H.; Komalla, N.R.; Sivani, K.; Reddy, K.A., "ICA-Based Improved DTCWT Technique for MA Reduction in PPG Signals With Restored Respiratory Information," Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on , vol.62, no.10, pp.2639,2651, Oct. 2013 [9] Dong Zhang, Shaotao Dai, Yuping Teng, et al, Testing Results for the Cable Core of a 360 m/10 kA HTS DC Power Cable Used in the Electrolytic Auminum Industry, Volume 23, Issue 3, Pages 5400504 (June 2013) [10] Xuemin Liang, Shaotao Dai, Zhiyuan Gao, et al.

Study area and data.
Scenario 1 examines the reduction of per capita income growth rate.
Thanks to the reduction of price growth rate, the marginal revenue in scenario 2 is lower than that in standard scenario (Fig. 5).
This can be attributed to the larger decrease in total cost resulting from the reduction of income growth rate than that in total revenue from the reduction of local demand.
In addition, a lower demand does not certainly promise a corresponding reduction in net profit.

Weight reduction is the main driving force in automotive and aircraft structural design.
The determining criterion for the structural applications of magnesium alloys is the availability of efficient joining technologies for the construction of lightweight structures and the availability of reliable data for the assessment of their damage tolerance behaviour.
The use of magnesium can contribute significantly to mass reduction due to the combination of its low density, high specific strength, high stiffness, and good castability [1-3].
The reduction of the FCP-rate in the WM could be caused due to intercrystalline crack growth.