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Until now, many studies have been reported about the effects of pre-strain [2-5], carbon content [6], grain size [7] and etc. on the fatigue properties of carbon steels.
Most of those studies were focused on the tensile and/or bending fatigue properties; though few reports were concentrated on the torsional fatigue properties [8-10].
This study is on the research of tensile pre-strain effects to the torsional fatigue properties of three kinds of structural medium carbon steels.
Next they were normalized at the specified temperature by 2hours, as listed in Table 2, and the main mechanical properties of the test materials are also listed in this table.
Table 1 Chemical composition (mass%) Materials C Si Mn P S Al S25C 0.26 0.25 0.39 0.017 0.013 - S35C 0.36 0.23 0.76 0.021 0.022 0.001 S45C 0.46 0.20 0.73 0.029 0.017 0.018 Table 2 Heat treatment conditions and mechanical properties Heat treatment condition σY [MPa] σB [MPa] ψ [%] S25C 895°C 2hrs A.

Finally, the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the subsoiler were studied on the basis of single-factor and multi-factor experiment, and experiment results showed that the frequency factor suggested a coupling of the influence of the soil, the subsoiler and the operating conditions. 0 Introduction With the rapid development of agricultural mechanization in china, the innovating in agricultural machine and equipment drew higher demand for test device in many performance indexes.
The measurement and control system was designed on the basis of the existing soil bin test platform in order to study the process of subsoiler properties, obtain the key factors affecting the actual conditions of energy efficiency equipment, and provide the basis for parameter optimization.
The eccentricity of the eccentric shaft was set in 10mm considering the mechanical strength and ease of use, therefore vibration frequency of subsoiler was changed by Converter Motor with constant amplitude during the experiment.
There were some factors affecting equipment traction resistance such as machinery forward speed, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, soil conditions, penetrating angle.
References [1] Zhang Xiqun，Qi Xin，Dong Wenxu，et al.Effects of subsoiling and no-till planting on soil physical properties and growth and development of maize [J].

Parametric analysis of technical parameters affecting EDM of non-conductive SiC ceramics has been presented in [8].
Table 1:Material properties of the ceramics as obtained from the manufacturer.
Material properties of these ceramics are presented in Table 1.
Table 4:Factors for the DoE.
To revealthe relation between the factors main effects plots are used.

Before mechanical analysis of the reinforced concrete single T-shaped beam, mechanical parameters must be held and input.
Whereas, it is fairly difficult to grasp mechanical parameters exactly.
The mechanical parameters are often determined by experiments, which cannot take the influence of concrete factors into account and cannot accurately reflect the factual circumstance [8].
Bayesian parametric back analysis estimation is a theory that when the conditional distribution of the measuring displacements and the pre-testing distribution are given, the statistical properties of mechanical parameters are the needed quantity only if the post-testing distribution gets its maximum.
The iterative process of stochastic Gaussian optimal inversion of mechanical parameters of the reinforced concrete single T-shaped beam is steadily convergent to the same values and the convergence property of mechanical parameters is not affected by the number of random variables.

This study, as it works on the properties of in-site foamed concrete with the air-dried density higher than 0.7t/㎥, the compressive strength higher than 2.0N/㎟ and the thermal conductivity higher than 0.19W/mK, sets foam ratio and foam agents as the experimental factors and manufactured various foamed concretes that are different in density.
The properties of the foaming agents used in the study are shown in Table 3.
Se-Chul, A Study on the Properties of Foamed concrete with Admixtures, Thesis of Doctor’s degree in Konkuk University. (2015) [2] J.Jae-Keun, et al, An Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Lightweight concrete Within Expanded Polystyrene Beads, Archititectural Institute of Korea, AIK’s Autumn Conference Vol. 23 No 1:243-246. (2003) [3] J.
Dae-Hoi, An Experimental Study on the Physical Properties of Roamed Concrete with Blast-Furnace Slag, Archititectural Institute of Korea, Vol 18, No7 59-67. (2002) [8] P.
Paulo Monteiro, Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and materials, McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, 49-67. (2004) [9] W.

In this way, interactions between the influencing factors are identified.
Due to higher cooling rates and other interfering factors during AM, the mechanical properties of the edge areas may differ considerably from those of the central area of the patches.
Lastly, the differences in mechanical properties measured on the FF and BF are examined.
Various factors influencing the forming behavior and mechanical properties could be derived and a significant increase in yield strength by up to +69 % and tensile strength by up to +38 % could be demonstrated.
Q. et al.: Analysis of Influencing Factors and Experimental Study on Properties of Laser Cladding Layer.

Many researchers are dedicating themselves to study about preparation and properties of graphite/copper composites [8-12].
Considering such factors as more brittle & harder compound powders after mechanical milling, porosity of powders and poor plasticity of pressed compacts, creative results about powder consolidation and preparation of composites could be achieved if subsequent plastic deformation and densification are utilized with hot pressed sintering & hot extrusion.
Results and discussion Influence of mechanical milling on microstructures of composites.
This can be maintained to subsequent hot pressed sintering and hot extrusion, and affects the microstructures of extruded bars finally.
It is expected that heterogeneity of graphite will play a negative role in property of composites.

The mechanical and physical properties of metallic composites with aluminium matrix and alumina particles as complementary material have made them a good candidate for automotive, aerospace and many other applications.
Components properties The need for new materials lead to a continuous development of composites materials.
As a definition, a composite material is a mix of two or more elements of which properties complement each other, resulting a material with superior properties comparatively with ones of the components.
The wettability of a solid by a liquid is determined not only by the thermodynamic characteristics of the system, such as solubility, but also by external factors like working atmosphere conditions or impurities [3].
Nogi, Critical factors affecting the wettability of α-alumina by molten aluminium, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2008) 2151-2159

One of the most important factors in the reinforce design is to reduce the stress on the bone cement and the femur.
The material properties adopted were specified in terms of Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio for the implants and all associated components (Table 1).
Table 1: Material properties used for the finite elements models.
Mechanical properties of bone cement are of importance keys for a successful surgery and further use of the joint as well as its behaviour during complex load which appears during patient's activity.
In addition, the mechanical properties of cement-bone and cement-metal interfaces are affected by the non-homogeneous distributions.

To the aircraft structures system, there are lots of factors which will lead to the inevitable performance degradation or faults, such as the corrosion of the external environment, the fatigue causing by the varying loads, degradation of material properties and so on.
Once a structure is damaged or failed, the mechanical parameter would be changed, and the modal parameters of the system be changed as well.
During the flight test, environmental factors could be considered as excitations.
Although these factors could not be measured directly, the randomness and large amount of response data will make these environmental loads good excitations in identifying the modal parameters.
Material Properties Property Skin Spar Spar Cap Material LY-2024 LY-12 30CrMn Density∕kg·m-3 2800 2800 7750 Molulus∕Pa 7.1×1010 7.1×1010 2×1011 Passion ratio 0.33 0.33 0.3 After the modal analysis of wing structure using FEA method, the first seven frequencies and vibration mode was obtained as the comparison value.