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Effect of Electroslag Refining on Cleanness, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed CrNiMoWMnV Ultrahigh-Strength Steel Mohammed Ali1,2,a*, David Porter1,b Jukka Kömi1,c, Mamdouh Eissa2,d, Hoda El Faramawy2,e M.
A small amount of Al metal was added to the slag as a deoxidant at the beginning of the ESR process.
Table 1 shows that the concentration of Al was increased as a result of ESR.
El Faramawy, D.
El-Shahat and T.

El Ganaoui1,c and B.
The basis of modern macrosegregation theory was outlined by Flemings et al. [4-6].
This paper focuses on the numerical study of solidification and macrosegregation defects formation in the system Al-4.1wt% Cu.
Table 1: Dimensionless quantities for Al-4.1wt%Cu used in the present simulation.
El Ganaoui, A.

Yi et al. [33] investigated progressive collapse behavior of RC frame through testing a three-story one-third scale model in Hunan University.
[12] Alashker, Y. and El-Taiwl, S. (2011).
K., El-Tawil, S. and Lew, H.
P., and El-Tawil, S. (2010).
[71] Li, H. and El-Tawil, S. (2012).

Sharaf El-Deen et al.[10] studied glass system TeO2-Re2O3 (RE = La, Ce, Nd, Pr, etc.) and report the good optical properties.
This result is consistent with the results of research conducted by El-Mallawany et al.[1] that refraction index of the glass increased following increase the concentration of Nd2O3 modifier.
El-Mallawany, M.
El-Deen, M.S.
Al Salhi, M.M.

Huibo et al. have proposed a multiple Fano resonance device with high-quality factor Q (maximal Q-factor is about 317) based on an S-shaped plasmonic waveguides.
El Boudouti, A.
El-Aouni, Y.
El Kadmiri, Z.Tahri, D.
El Boudouti, J.

Sadek et al. [12] (2016), conducted research related to reusing granite powder in self compacting concrete.
Bakhoum et al. [14] (2017), conducted research related to the addition of granite powder nanoparticles in cementitious mortars.
More specifically, the raw materials used in this study were described as follows: 2.1.Portlandcement The cement used in this study was ordinary Portland cement (CEMI42.5N) from El-Ramlia Factory- El Ain El Sokna-Suez.
El-Didamony, M.S. 
El-Attar; H.

Compared with Al and steel, however, their high-cost limits their wide applications, especially in civil.
Many researches on the semi-solid deformation behaviors of Al, Mg and steel have been carried out by scientists and engineers all over the world and many useful results have been obtained.
Ti14 alloy, being a Ti-Al-Cu-Si system (with Cu content greater than 10wt.%), is α and Ti2Cu type alloy [8~9].
Table 2 Tensile properties at RT of Ti14 alloy bar after heat treatment Forging way UTS/ΜΡa ∆UTS/% YS/ΜΡa ∆YS/% El/% ∆El% RA/% ∆RA% Semi-solid 843 +16 694 +19 13 -38 18 -56 Conventional 727 -- 585 -- 21 -- 41 -- Comparison with the values before and after heat treatment, the strength after heat treatment decreases and the plasticity increases greatly, that is, the elongation increases from 6.8% to 13%, which increases by 48%, and the reduction in area increases from 12% to 18%, which increases by 33%.
Bania: Beta Titanium Alloys in the year 1990s, TMS Publish, 1993, p.3 [4] Y.Q.Zhao, K.Y.Zhu et al: Chinese Patent, Application No.02101189.3 [5]Y.Q.Zhao, K.Y.Zhu et al: Chinese Patent, Application No.02101190.7 [6] Hirowo G.

This conclusion is consistent with the results of Park et al. [2].
The validity of these assumptions has been tested by El-Sesy and El-Baradie [8].
More recently, El-Sesy and El-Baradie [8] reported successfully measuring the hardness of the individual phases using microhardness but do not present micrographs of their indentations.
El-Sesy and Z.M.
El-Baradie: Materials Letters Vol. 57 (2002) pp. 580-585

The precision of position determination is less than 2.5 o el. in steady-state operation in spite of virtual sensorless method.
Actual and estimated position in °el. a), error of position b) using ATO Conclusion A speed/position servosystem with 2-phase electrical induction/synchronous motor for robotic applications was introduced and presented.
The precision of position determination is less than 2.5 o el. in steady-state operation (see Fig. 8) in spite of virtual sensorless method.
Blaabjerg et al.: Evaluation of Low-Cost Topologies for Two-Phase IM Drives in Industrial Application, In: Record of 37th IEEE IAS Annual Meeting on Industry Application, 2002, vol. 4, pp. 2358 - 2365, ISSN 0197-2618

The fracture toughness (KC) calculations were based on the crack length measurement of the radial crack pattern produced by Vickers indentations according to the formula estimated by Shetty et al. [13]. 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Analysis of the phase transformation temperature of WC-40vol.
El-Eskandarany, M.
El-Eskandarany, Fabrication and characterizations of new nanocomposite WC/Al2O3 materials by room temperature ball milling and subsequent consolidation, J.
Saito, Effect of the aluminum content on the behavior of mechanochemical reactions in the WO3-C-Al system, J.