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Materials and Methods Straw Bale Properties.
Further on the main properties of straw bales are briefly presented.
One of the most important factors in choosing the bales is the moisture content.
Experimental The laboratory measurement included the visual appearance, bale dimensions, mass, densities, moisture content, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties under compressive load.
Thermal Properties.

These data provide an important step towards understanding mechanical loading factors contributing to degradation.
It is now believed that the influence of mechanical stress on biodegradation is an important factor [2].
However, relatively few studies are available in the literature about biodegradation properties of PLLA/β-TCP scaffold in SBF under compressive loading.
The control specimens were not subjected to degradation but tested for the original properties.
However, relatively few studies and little information are available in the literature about biodegradation properties of this porous scaffold in SBF under compressive loading.

The designation and its chemical composition mass in percent (%) of the candidate materials and their properties are also shown in Table1 and Table 2 respectively.
Table 4: Design factors ,properties and their cause [30] Factors Material Manf.
(13) Where: Sc= allowable contact stress number (MPa) based on material property ZN ,ZW,,YZ , SH = the stress-cycle factor, hardness ratio factors for pitting resistance ,temperature factors , reliability factors and AGMA factor of safety. 4.
This arbitrary division may vary from material-to-material depending upon tensile properties.
Mohrbacher, "Metallurgical concepts for optimized processing and properties of carburizing steel," Advances in Manufacturing, vol. 4, pp. 105-114, 2016

The rock breakage process is the interaction process between TBM and rock mass, which is affected by TBM specifications, such as thrust force, cutter tip width and profile, cutter spacing, RPM, and torque, and rock mass properties mainly including rock material strength, rock brittleness, joint spacing and orientation.
Based on a large number of single-factor cutting simulation, the influence of many cutting conditions such a blade angle, cutting depth and cutting speed on cutting property are discussed.
The input parameters for the rocks modeled in AUTODYN-3D were determined based on the measured rock properties.
The properties of the rock models were represented using a linear equation of state (EOS).
Table 1 Mechanical properties of the rock types modeled in this study.

Introduction Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) consisting of a dual structure of austenite + ferrite possess the superior mechanical and corrosion properties, and have been applied to various industrial fields such as petrochemical, power and seawater desalination plants.
Furthermore, numerical simulation of solidification cracking susceptibility was conducted in order to clarify the affecting factors of solidification cracking. 2.
Furthermore, numerical simulation of solidification cracking susceptibility was conducted in order to clarify the affecting factors of solidification cracking.
(3) In order to clarify the affecting factors of solidification cracking, numerical simulation of solidification cracking susceptibility was carried out.
[3] N.A.McPherson, Y.Li and T.N.Baker: "Microstructure and Properties of As Welded Duplex Stainless Steel", Sci. & Technol.

Amylose and amylopectin levels will affect the properties of starch itself.
One of the methods developed is the addition of filler to starch, so as to improve the mechanical properties of starch based biopolymer material [7,8,9].
The appropriate ratio of water to starch is also one of the factors improving the mechanical properties of the biopolymer [10].
Fig. 1 Effect of Filler Type to Tensile Properties of Sago Starch-Based Biopolymer The lowest tensile strenght properties are found in biopolymer with clay filler.
Water Uptake and Biodegradability Properties.

All factors of welding variables have to be controlled to eliminate conditions that promote distortion [1, 2].
The welding distortion can cause cracks, affecting machining precision and dimensional stability of structures that affect the quality of products [4].
The computations in simulation were made based on analysis using temperature-dependent material and physical properties.
Due to this phenomenon, according to the temperature variation, it would change the values of material properties.
[2] Bhatti, A.A., et al., Influence of thermo-mechanical material properties of different steel grades on welding residual stresses and angular distortion.

An orthogonal test with three sets of level factors and three parameters is conducted to obtain the optimal forming parameters.
The mechanical properties of the material were determined by conducting tensile test as shown in Table 1.
Mechanical properties of aluminum and steel Property item Property value Modulus of elasticity E (×108N/m2) Posson’s ratio ν Density ρ (g/m3) 1000 0.33 2.7 100000 0.3 7.8 Aluminum Steel Orthogonal Experiments According to the previous researches, the three important parameters identified for total equivalent plastic strain after molding are stamping force, fillet radius, and friction coefficient.
Three sets of level factors were chosen and given in Table 2.
The mechanical analysis was carried out to analyze the key factors such as fillet radius, stamping velocity and friction coefficient.

The investigated factors are shown on Fig. 1. include joint geometry, material properties, environmental conditions, loading conditions.
The fatigue performance of adhesive joints is determined by an interplay of geometry, material properties, loading conditions, and environmental factors.
Discussion The fatigue performance of adhesive joints is a multifaceted problem influenced by joint geometry, material properties, loading conditions, and environmental factors.
Geometrical factors such as overlap length, adhesive thickness, and adherend thickness directly affect the stress distribution within the joint.
This review has highlighted the key factors influencing fatigue behaviour, including joint geometry, material properties, loading conditions, and environmental factors, as well as advanced techniques for improving fatigue life and methods for life prediction [20].

There are techniques for determining which factors are active.
Table 2 Factors and their levels for the experiments Factors Level - Level + A.
All two effects are positive, if considered only these main effects, we would run all two factors at the high level to minimized Ra and maximized MRR.
Chakrabarti, “Conducting carbon black filled EPDM vulcanizates: assessment of dependence of physical and mechanical properties and conducting character on variation of filler loading”, European Polymer Journal, No. 36, 2000, pp. 1043-1054 [3] Y.
Hikichi, “Electrical and elastic properties of conductor-polymer composites”, Journal of Materials science, No. 34, 1999, pp. 2979-2985