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SnO2, ZnO, WO3 are paid more attention since they have the characteristics of simplicity in fabrication, high sensitivity and all kinds of morphology and structure of gas sensitive materials such as nanowires, nanorods, nano ring have been successfully synthesized.
Gas sensitive response mechanism of the conductive polymer gas sensor is:A chemical reaction or swelling of the polymer chain happens when the electrochemical polymer materials absorb gas,and the change would alter the electrical conductivity.Therefore,it can be used to detect the species and concentrations of gases.
[2]Yu Yong, Wang Jun, Zhou Ming.Electronic nose and its application in processing of agricultural products [J] Journal of Zhejiang University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2003, 29 (5): 579-584
And S.D.Senter.Use of digital aroma technology and SPME GC-MS to compare volatile compounds produced by bacteria isolate from processed poultry[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ，1998,38（3）：343-348
,P.Nesvadba,et al.Multisensor for fish quality determination[J].Trends in Food Science&Technology,2004,15(2):86-93

Kestens3,c Ghent University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technologiepark 903, Zwijnaarde, Belgium aEdgar.Gomes@UGent.be Keywords: 3D modelling, Voronoi Cells, Grain Size Distributions, Texture Abstract.
In order to circumvent these difficulties, a virtual microstructure generator to simulate a specific 3D material microstructure is proposed.
During the development of a microstructurally based material model a set of different input parameters are required for validation and optimization.
Once validated and with the boundary conditions checked, it is also useful to look for optimum microstructures when one wants to design a material.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 13:R877, 2001

It was recognized that these graphites are multiphase, polygranular, aggregate materials and as such have a microstructure with features similar to other aggregate materials such as concrete [7-11].
It has been shown that linear elastic fracture theories do not apply to quasi-brittle materials and hence are not appropriate to rector core graphite [9].
Flewitt, Fracture behaviour of radiolytically oxidised reactor core graphites: a view, Material Science and Technology, 2010, in press
Kelly, Physics of graphite, Applied Science (London), 1981
Qian. 3D Modeling of fracture in cement-based material, Journal of Multiscale Modelling, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2009), 1-17

Materials with tailored properties can be obtained by irradiation of particles of various energies, i.e. the processes can be controlled purposefully.
Acknowledgments The study was supported by the Grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Shmygaleva, Computer modeling of depth distribution of vacancy nanoclusters in ion-irradiated materials, Key Engineering Materials 769 (2018) 358–363, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.769.358
Lisitsyn, Cascade Probability Method and its Relationship with Boltzmann Equations, Key Engineering Materials 712 (2016) 123–129
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 110 (2016) 012002, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/110/1/012002

Introduction Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a type of smart materials.
As the tip displacement of IPMC sample is small, so we also can use the theory of mechanics of materials to establish the equation as follows
International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2012, 13(1): 141-163
Electromechanical performance of an ionic polymer–metal composite actuator with hierarchical surface texture[J]，Smart Materials and Structures, 2013, 22(5): 055001
Development of a Novel Electrochemically Active Membrane and Smart Material Based Vibration Sensor/Damper[J], Smart Materials and Structures, 1992, 1(2): 172–179

Because the scaling down of the geotextile and geomembrane is difficult, the true materials were used in the tests.
The interfaces between materials were modeled by joint element.　
The geosynthetics used in the tests were treated as a linear elastic materials and secant modulus at a strain of 1% obtained by tensile test was used.
In the finite element analysis, the shear stress-relative displacement behavior of interfaces between materials must be accurately modeled.
Nonlinear Analysis of Stress and Strain in Soil[J], ASCE Journal of the soil Mech. and Found, Div.

Rotating ring and Intermediate ring were taken good thermal conductivity materials SiC, static ring material selected for the 316L.
Seal ring material properties shown in Table 3, which ring spindle speed 1000rad/s.
Material thermal conductivity effect temperature of seal ring significantly, selection a large thermal conductivity of seal ring material helps reduce the temperature of seal ring.
Acknowledgements The authors would gratefully thank for the Youth Science and Technology Fund of Sichuan Province (No.2011JQ0039), the Talent Fund of Xihua University (No.R0920203), and the Science and Technology Fund of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the P.R.
Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2006; 42(9): 201-6

Experimental method Preparation of materials.
The composite materials of Fe3O4 / α-TCP were set in a 105 cm3 autoclave (Figure 1) with 10 cm3 of water, then they were exposed to vapor of water at 120 ºC under saturated vapor pressure for 10 h.
Characterization of materials.
Yoshimura: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 254-256, (2004), p. 19 [5] K.
Japan, Vol. 64 (2000), p. 14 [9] Ming Ma, Ya Wu, Jie Zhou, Yongkang Sun, Yu Zhang and Ning Gu: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Vol. 268 (2004), p. 33 [10] T.

The material properties, element types are shown in Table 2.
References [1] W Dong, J Tang and Y EIDeeb: Smart Materials and Structures.
Vol. 18(2009), p. 11 [2] Xixu Song, Jianfa Wang, Kaiming Yang, Wensheng Yin and Yu Zhu: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
Vol. 48(2010), p. 633 [3] Kihyun Kim, Yong-Man Choi, Byong-Uk Nam and Moon Gu Lee: International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing.
Dwang: International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture.

Restricted by fund, technology and information, most rural houses lack of standard design and construction, and they are disordered in structure, various and diversified in building materials, and door or window holes are punched freely, and supervision of construction activities is urgent to be enhanced.
In this way the first hand material of rural housing damage in earthquake was obtained and different features of damage in earthquake between rural housing and urban building were found [4]-[6].
The principles as considering local conditions, using local material, simple and effective, economical and practical should be followed for better seismic performance of rural housing.
References [1] Ying Wang,Peijun Shi,Jingai Wang,Journal of Natural Disasters:Vol.14(2005),p.82-89(In Chinese) [2] Shuguang Luo, Anti-seismic and Practice of Rural Housing in Western China[D],Xi’an: Xian University of Architecture and Technology,2011
[10] Yong Zhang,Technology for Earthquake Disaster Preventio:Vol.1(2006), p.360-364 (In Chinese) [11] Xueli Ge, Yayong Wang, Lixin Zhu, Earthquake Resistant Engineering:Vol.2(2003),p.31-35 (In Chinese) [12] Huijuan Wu, Qi Qu, Xueli Ge, Dinghui Ma, Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting:Vol.5(2004),p. 1-5 (In Chinese) [13] Minjuan He Nannan Zhou, Construction Technology:Vol.39(2010),p.88-92 (In Chinese) [14] Zugui Yang, Yi Xun, Shuo Liu, Journal of Sichuan University:Vol.41(2009),p.29-31(In Chinese) [15] Tiegang Zhou, Chongyang Song, Sichuan Building Science:Vol.38(2012), p.206-209 (In Chinese)