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Online since: July 2015
Authors: Yu Ping Wu, Shirley Shen, Yue Huang, Zhong Hua Zhou, Yong Feng Tuo, Min Huang, Kai Wang
Kanehara et al. [6] also reported that the SPR peaks of the ITO NPs were tuned by changing the In/Sn molar ratio.
Buonsanti, E.L.
Gilstrap, C.J Capozzi, C.G Carson, et al, Synthesis of a nonagglomerated indium tin oxide nanoparticle dispersion.
Kim, et al, Effect of ultraviolet–ozone treatment of indium–tin–oxide on electrical properties of organic light emitting diodes, J.
Nanot, et al, Structural Studies of Tin-Doped Indium Oxide (ITO) and In4Sn3O12, J.
Buonsanti, E.L.
Gilstrap, C.J Capozzi, C.G Carson, et al, Synthesis of a nonagglomerated indium tin oxide nanoparticle dispersion.
Kim, et al, Effect of ultraviolet–ozone treatment of indium–tin–oxide on electrical properties of organic light emitting diodes, J.
Nanot, et al, Structural Studies of Tin-Doped Indium Oxide (ITO) and In4Sn3O12, J.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Xosé R. Nóvoa, D. Álvarez, C. Pérez, Miguel Hernández, A. Collazo
Different weight
percentages of hydrotalcite with Mg/Al ratio of 2.5 was added (1, 5 and 10 % wt.) to hybrid sols
prepared by copolymerization of 3-Glycydoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetra-npropoxyzirconium
(TPOZ).
An aqueous solution containing 32.5 g of Mg(NO3)26H2O, 18.755 g of Al(NO3)29H2O dissolved in bi-distilled water is added to a second solution containing 6.36 g of Na2CO3, 5.6 g of NaOH in a 120 ml of bidistilled water under constant stirring for 4 h.
Lv et al [13] researches carried out with different HTLCs, where an absorption time of 4 h has been measured in order to evaluate the maximum absorption of Cl - concentration.
Estudio del efecto de la adición de partículas de hidrotalcita en el comportamiento de un recubrimiento sol-gel híbrido sobre una aleación AA2024-T3. (2008), F.
An aqueous solution containing 32.5 g of Mg(NO3)26H2O, 18.755 g of Al(NO3)29H2O dissolved in bi-distilled water is added to a second solution containing 6.36 g of Na2CO3, 5.6 g of NaOH in a 120 ml of bidistilled water under constant stirring for 4 h.
Lv et al [13] researches carried out with different HTLCs, where an absorption time of 4 h has been measured in order to evaluate the maximum absorption of Cl - concentration.
Estudio del efecto de la adición de partículas de hidrotalcita en el comportamiento de un recubrimiento sol-gel híbrido sobre una aleación AA2024-T3. (2008), F.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Ming Zhe Liu, Xiao Yu Liu, Xian Guo Tuo, Jun Wang
Muller et al. [16] studiedquadrocopter ball juggling and put forward a method of quadrocopter hit a ball towards a target.
Erhard et al. [17] proposed a new method to locate the position of quadrocopter based on visual data.
Klose et al. [19] came up with a method based on optical and inertial measurements to control a quadrocopetr.
Guo et al. [20] proposed a method of high voltage transmission line inspection based on quadrocopter vehicle.
[19] Klose,Sebastian;wang,jian;Achtelik,Michael el al.Markerless, vision-assisted flight control of a quadrocopter[C].IEEE/RSJ 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems,2010,5712-5717
Erhard et al. [17] proposed a new method to locate the position of quadrocopter based on visual data.
Klose et al. [19] came up with a method based on optical and inertial measurements to control a quadrocopetr.
Guo et al. [20] proposed a method of high voltage transmission line inspection based on quadrocopter vehicle.
[19] Klose,Sebastian;wang,jian;Achtelik,Michael el al.Markerless, vision-assisted flight control of a quadrocopter[C].IEEE/RSJ 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems,2010,5712-5717
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Li Xin Xing, Tong Lin Li, Hong Yan Jiang, Li Jun Jiang, Li Heng Liang
Prima el al. (2006) proposed a quantitative method to classify landforms using four morphometric parameters from DEM-derived thematic raster maps of slope and topographic openness.
Fisherb et al., Computers & Geosciences, 33(2007), p. 1366–1381
Wibowo et al., Geothermics, 37(2008),p. 267–299
Ciccacci et al., Geormorphology, 16(1996),p.127-137
Sharaya et al., 107(2002), p. 1-32
Fisherb et al., Computers & Geosciences, 33(2007), p. 1366–1381
Wibowo et al., Geothermics, 37(2008),p. 267–299
Ciccacci et al., Geormorphology, 16(1996),p.127-137
Sharaya et al., 107(2002), p. 1-32
Online since: September 2013
Authors: P. Govindarajan, S. Sisodia, S. Srikanth, K. Ravi, P. Saravanan
The following formulae were used for computing the Cr- and Ni-equivalents (3):
Creq = % Cr + 2 (% Si) + 1.5 (% Mo) + 5 (% V) + 5.5 (% Al) +
1.75 (% Nb) + 1.5 (% Ti) + 0.75 (% W) (6)
Nieq = % Ni + % Co + 30 (% C) + 25 (% N) + 0.5 (% Mn) + 0.3 (% Cu) (7)
The values of Cr- and Ni-equivalents chosen for evolution of low-Ni and Ni-free DSS compositions are given in Table 1 and the designed chemical compositions of the steels have presented in Table 2.
The predicted ferrite phase content is also given in Table 2, which was estimated using the following constitutive equations [3]: Creq = %Cr + 1.73 (%Si) + 0.88 (%Mo) (8) Nieq = %Ni + 24.55 (%C) + 21.75 (%N) + 0.4 (%Cu) (9) % Ferrite = –20.93 + 4.01 (Creq) – 5.6 (Nieq) + 0.016 T (10) where, T is the solution annealing temperature Table 1 Cr and Ni equivalents chosen for formulation of low-Ni and Ni-free DSS compositions Alloy chemical balance Duplex (Ni-free) Duplex (Low-Ni) Ni-equivalent 10.96 10.40 Cr-equivalent 23.15 23.15 Table 2 Designed and achieved chemical compositions of low-Ni and Ni-free DSS (in wt%) Alloy Heat design-nation C Mn Si S P Cr Ni Mo Cu N (ppm) Al Predicted ferrite content Low-Ni LDSS Target 0.05 4.50 0.40 0.02 0.03 22.0 1.50 0.05 0.50 2000 0.05 max 46.0% LDSS5 0.036 3.53 0.51 0.021 0.032 21.2 1.37 0.048 0.48 2043 0.04 45.8% LDSS6 0.052 4.47 0.41 0.020 0.028 21.4 1.41 0.045 0.45 2085
Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction spectra confirming the presence of ferrite (a) and austenite (g) phases in low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels in near-equal proportions Table 3 Ferritescope measurements of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels produced in laboratory Alloy Heat designation Average ferrite content (%) Low-Ni LDSS LDSS5 45.6 LDSS6 44.6 Ni-free LDSS LDSS3 37.9 Table 4 Room temperature tensile properties and bulk hardness of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels in comparison with AISI 304 L and 316 L austenitic stainless steels Alloy Heat designation YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %El Hardness (HRB) Low-Ni LDSS5 488.00 655.00 41 94.2 LDSS6 486.50 663.50 44 94.1 Ni-free LDSS3 501.50 677.00 43 93.8 304L - 300.58 630.59 54 - 316L - 274.09 585.95 63 - Mechanical properties of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels.
Table 5: High temperature tensile properties of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels Alloy Heat design-nation Property 650 oC 700 oC 750 oC 800 oC 850 oC 900 oC Low-Ni LDSS LDSS5 YS (MPa) 175.44 129.42 114.79 96.84 88.41 67.14 UTS (MPa) 259.99 207.97 152.14 136.23 111.74 88.41 %El 46.68 42.96 29.16 31.84 51.24 59.33 LDSS6 YS (MPa) 160.32 141.78 127.82 122.06 103.62 48.35 UTS (MPa) 252.26 214.85 175.15 151.94 113.67 73.31 %El 45.25 36.20 30.42 22.07 23.32 37.33 Ni-free LDSS LDSS3 YS (MPa) 220.19 165.30 147.04 81.22 65.94 68.96 UTS (MPa) 336.52 236.34 199.70 165.50 131.38 87.03 %El 30.30 22.52 15.38 34.52 26.23 20.51 Table 5 presents the high temperature tensile properties of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels evaluated in the temperature range of 650-900 oC.
The predicted ferrite phase content is also given in Table 2, which was estimated using the following constitutive equations [3]: Creq = %Cr + 1.73 (%Si) + 0.88 (%Mo) (8) Nieq = %Ni + 24.55 (%C) + 21.75 (%N) + 0.4 (%Cu) (9) % Ferrite = –20.93 + 4.01 (Creq) – 5.6 (Nieq) + 0.016 T (10) where, T is the solution annealing temperature Table 1 Cr and Ni equivalents chosen for formulation of low-Ni and Ni-free DSS compositions Alloy chemical balance Duplex (Ni-free) Duplex (Low-Ni) Ni-equivalent 10.96 10.40 Cr-equivalent 23.15 23.15 Table 2 Designed and achieved chemical compositions of low-Ni and Ni-free DSS (in wt%) Alloy Heat design-nation C Mn Si S P Cr Ni Mo Cu N (ppm) Al Predicted ferrite content Low-Ni LDSS Target 0.05 4.50 0.40 0.02 0.03 22.0 1.50 0.05 0.50 2000 0.05 max 46.0% LDSS5 0.036 3.53 0.51 0.021 0.032 21.2 1.37 0.048 0.48 2043 0.04 45.8% LDSS6 0.052 4.47 0.41 0.020 0.028 21.4 1.41 0.045 0.45 2085
Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction spectra confirming the presence of ferrite (a) and austenite (g) phases in low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels in near-equal proportions Table 3 Ferritescope measurements of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels produced in laboratory Alloy Heat designation Average ferrite content (%) Low-Ni LDSS LDSS5 45.6 LDSS6 44.6 Ni-free LDSS LDSS3 37.9 Table 4 Room temperature tensile properties and bulk hardness of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels in comparison with AISI 304 L and 316 L austenitic stainless steels Alloy Heat designation YS (MPa) UTS (MPa) %El Hardness (HRB) Low-Ni LDSS5 488.00 655.00 41 94.2 LDSS6 486.50 663.50 44 94.1 Ni-free LDSS3 501.50 677.00 43 93.8 304L - 300.58 630.59 54 - 316L - 274.09 585.95 63 - Mechanical properties of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels.
Table 5: High temperature tensile properties of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels Alloy Heat design-nation Property 650 oC 700 oC 750 oC 800 oC 850 oC 900 oC Low-Ni LDSS LDSS5 YS (MPa) 175.44 129.42 114.79 96.84 88.41 67.14 UTS (MPa) 259.99 207.97 152.14 136.23 111.74 88.41 %El 46.68 42.96 29.16 31.84 51.24 59.33 LDSS6 YS (MPa) 160.32 141.78 127.82 122.06 103.62 48.35 UTS (MPa) 252.26 214.85 175.15 151.94 113.67 73.31 %El 45.25 36.20 30.42 22.07 23.32 37.33 Ni-free LDSS LDSS3 YS (MPa) 220.19 165.30 147.04 81.22 65.94 68.96 UTS (MPa) 336.52 236.34 199.70 165.50 131.38 87.03 %El 30.30 22.52 15.38 34.52 26.23 20.51 Table 5 presents the high temperature tensile properties of low-Ni and Ni-free duplex stainless steels evaluated in the temperature range of 650-900 oC.
Online since: April 2007
Authors: Georg Grathwohl, Dietmar Koch, Christian Soltmann
Pressi, et al.: J.
Dirè, et al.: J.
Roux, et al.: J.
Al-Saraj, M.S.
El-Nahal et al.: J.
Dirè, et al.: J.
Roux, et al.: J.
Al-Saraj, M.S.
El-Nahal et al.: J.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Cheng Jen Tang, Miau Ru Dai
Masanet et al. [3] examine the EPA study [2], and proposes an
estimation model for the energy use and efficiency potential of U.S. data centers.
Belady et al. [14] find that the cooling system is responsible for most of non-IT power consumption of a data center.
Moore et al. [23, 24], Ramos and Bianchini[25], and Tang et al.[26] all find a strong correlation between CPU utilization and the temperature.
Parolini et al. [27] and Qouneh et al. [28] discover that the average data center power consumption is linear with respect to average server utilization value, if a data center is efficiently cooled, which means the inlet temperatures of the servers equal the supplied air temperatures of the cooling units.
El-Saadany: Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 78 (2008), p. 1989
Belady et al. [14] find that the cooling system is responsible for most of non-IT power consumption of a data center.
Moore et al. [23, 24], Ramos and Bianchini[25], and Tang et al.[26] all find a strong correlation between CPU utilization and the temperature.
Parolini et al. [27] and Qouneh et al. [28] discover that the average data center power consumption is linear with respect to average server utilization value, if a data center is efficiently cooled, which means the inlet temperatures of the servers equal the supplied air temperatures of the cooling units.
El-Saadany: Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 78 (2008), p. 1989
Online since: July 2004
Authors: Zhi Guang Liu, C.C. Koch, De Liang Zhang
As an example of processing metal-metal composite powders, Fig. 2 illustrates the
microstructural evolution of powder particles during high energy milling of a powder mixture of Al
and Ni with a composition of Al-25at%Ni.
As an example, Fig. 5(a) shows the cross-section (a) (b) Fig. 4: Microstructure of Ti(Al)-10vol.
of one of the TiO2-Al composite powder particles produced by discus milling for 6 hours.
Currently it has been mainly used for making Al-TiO2 composite powders for further processing.
El-Eskandarany, J.
As an example, Fig. 5(a) shows the cross-section (a) (b) Fig. 4: Microstructure of Ti(Al)-10vol.
of one of the TiO2-Al composite powder particles produced by discus milling for 6 hours.
Currently it has been mainly used for making Al-TiO2 composite powders for further processing.
El-Eskandarany, J.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Henry Hu, Meng Wang, Yan Da Zou, Gary Meng, Yeou Li Chu, Patrick Cheng
Relatively expensive friction stir welding has been attempted on joining C-HPDC Al alloy ADC 12 despite of its high cost [6, 7].
The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 2% offset yield strength (YS) and elongation (El%) were determined for all tested specimens based on the average of five tests.
Mg2Si Eutectic Si Primary Al (a) X-ray Count Al Energy (Kev) (b) X-ray Count Al Si Energy (Kev) (c) Fe Mg Si X-ray Count Al Energy (Kev) (d) Fig. 6 Micrograph showing a) phases present in the T6 A356, and EDS analysis indicating the presence of b) Primary Al, c) Eutetic Si and d) Mg- based phases.
According to Niu et al. [9], the presence of gas porosity in castings is harmful to the mechanical properties of aluminum die castings.
The fracture path was mainly along the boundary between the α-Al dendrites and the eutectic mixture which are clearly revealed in Figure 8.
The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 2% offset yield strength (YS) and elongation (El%) were determined for all tested specimens based on the average of five tests.
Mg2Si Eutectic Si Primary Al (a) X-ray Count Al Energy (Kev) (b) X-ray Count Al Si Energy (Kev) (c) Fe Mg Si X-ray Count Al Energy (Kev) (d) Fig. 6 Micrograph showing a) phases present in the T6 A356, and EDS analysis indicating the presence of b) Primary Al, c) Eutetic Si and d) Mg- based phases.
According to Niu et al. [9], the presence of gas porosity in castings is harmful to the mechanical properties of aluminum die castings.
The fracture path was mainly along the boundary between the α-Al dendrites and the eutectic mixture which are clearly revealed in Figure 8.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Sen Han, Rao Rao Han, Chen Hao Guo
Chadbourn et al. (2000) studied the effect of voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) on moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixture.
Dingxin Cheng et al. (2002) evaluated the effect of moisture diffusion and repeated load condition on moisture damage of asphalt mixture.
Aksoy et al. (2005) selected four additives to reduce the level of moisture-induced damages in asphalt mixture.
Recently, surface chemistry has a wide range of applications to explain the function between liquid and solid, such as polymer-film and glass (Lamprou et al. 2010; Qian et al. 2008), polymer and metal (Li et al. 2008; Terpilowski and Chibowski 2010; Fu et al. 2010).
[4] Chadbourn, B.A.; Skok, E.L.; Newcomb, D.E. (2000).
Dingxin Cheng et al. (2002) evaluated the effect of moisture diffusion and repeated load condition on moisture damage of asphalt mixture.
Aksoy et al. (2005) selected four additives to reduce the level of moisture-induced damages in asphalt mixture.
Recently, surface chemistry has a wide range of applications to explain the function between liquid and solid, such as polymer-film and glass (Lamprou et al. 2010; Qian et al. 2008), polymer and metal (Li et al. 2008; Terpilowski and Chibowski 2010; Fu et al. 2010).
[4] Chadbourn, B.A.; Skok, E.L.; Newcomb, D.E. (2000).