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In order to assess mechanical reliability of solder joints, thorough understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the solder materials is necessary.
Journal of Electronic Materials, 33(12), 2004
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1972
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 444(1-2):75 – 83, 2007
Journal of Electronic Materials, 37:507–514, 2008

Materials and Methods The semi-finished products in this study were cylindrical steel bars made of AISI 4140 with a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 130 mm.
Soundararajan, Residual Stresses in Case Hardened Materials, The Open Materials Science Journal 4-1 (2010) 92–102, doi: 10.2174/1874088X010040300092
Schillé, Using JMatPro to model materials properties and behavior, Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 55-12 (2003) 60–65, doi: 10.1007/s11837-003-0013-2
Dean, Effects of surface treatments and lubricants for warm forging die life, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 113-1-3 (2001) 544–550, doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00693-8
Yoshida (Eds.), Forming the Future (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series), Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021, pp. 2289–2301

In the previous study, a basic study was conducted on the strength characteristics of composite materials having woven carbon fibers with notched specimen or slit specimens [1].
Materials and Experimental Method Three types of specimen were prepared to conduct the experiment.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of producing light-weight aluminum-based hybrid carbon fiber composites with high strength to use as structural materials.
By applying the sensor materials to the composite plate, we can investigate internal crack initiation and growth behavior of the specimen.
Jiang, Novel Joints developed from partially nu-moulded carbon-fiber-reinforced laminates, Journal of Composite Materials, 49(14) (2015) 1777

Experimental Materials.
The turning forces of the two materials in Y direction are stable during the first pass of turning.
Hoseiny, H.Berne, K.Uta, K.Anders, in: International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, edited by Prof.
Nazim, in: journal of materials processing technology, edtied by A.E.
Nazim, in: journal of materials processing technology, edtied by A.E.

For structural materials, the thermal expansion often crucially affects mechanical strength.
Part of this work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Project: “Materials Science on Synchronized LPSO Structure ‒ The Evolution of the Material Science for Innovative Development of the Next-Generation Lightweight Structure Materials ‒ ”) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (Nos. 23109001, 23109002, 23109003 and 24109508).
[5] Information on https://www.rigaku.com/downloads/journal/RJ28-1/RJ28-1_29-30s.pdf [6] D.

China 2State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R.
Fig.1 Finite element mesh Fig.2 COMBIN39 element Material Modeling.
Concrete material and steel material properties are specified in Table 1.
Tab.1 Parameters of concrete and steel materials material section [mm×mm] yield strength [MPa] Yong’s modulus [MPa] steel tube Φ133×4.5 387.3 1.96E+5 steel beam 100×68×4.5×7.6 361.3 2.04E+5 core concrete - 32.3 (compressive) 3.14E+4 Experiment Analysis Two specimens were selected, the loading system shown in Fig.3.
Journal of Building Structures, Vol. 25(4), (2004), p.43-49

Introduction Semiconductor nanowires of different materials have been under intense investigation due to their potential as key building blocks for nano-electronic and nano-photonic applications [1-3].
The InP bulk material’s crystal structure is zincblende(ZB),while the InP nanowires is a wurtzite(WZ) and zincblende(ZB) mixed structure[14].
The optical properties of the InP nanowires drastically change when compared to the properties of InP bulk materials for temperatures below that of liquid nitrogen.
Lieber, Science 293 (2001) 1455-1457
[14] Shuzhen Yu, Guoqing Miaoa, Yixin Jin, Tiemin Zhang, Hang Song, Hong Jiang, Zhiming Li, Dabing Li, Xiaojuan Sun Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479 (2009) 832–834 [15] Jiming Bao,David C.

Structural and mechanical properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Biocomposites Reinforced with Different Silk-fibroin Fabric Structures Yongmin Wu1, Xin Liu 1,2,3,a, Juncheng Sun3, Lezhi Wang3, Zhongshan Yao3, Jianjian Dong3, and Kunyan Sui 2 1 State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, People’s Republic of China 2 Chemical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China 3 Shandong Tongda Group, Weifang 261300, People’s Republic of China a corresponding author: xinliu_wtu@hotmail.com Keywords: Biocomposites, Poly(ε-caprolactone), Silk-fibroin fabrics, Mechanical properties Abstract.
For improving the biocompatibility and hydrophilic properties of PCL, natural bioactive fibers such as chitin, chitosan and silk fiber with good biocompatibility have been used and approved to be an effective filler to improve the interactions between cells and materials [2, 3].
Experimental Materials PCL, with a melting point of 60ºC and a number-average molecular weight of 80,000, was obtained from Perstorp UK Ltd.
The pure PCL was a semi-crystalline material, which exhibited three pronounced diffraction peaks at 2θ=21.5º (110), 2θ=22.2º (111), and 2θ=23.9º (200).
Srisuwan, Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite and nanoporous silk fibroin films, Journal of Applied Sciences. 19 (2008) 3518-3522.

Experimental Sr(NO3)2(A.R), ZnO(A.R), Eu2O3(99.99%), Lu2O3(99.99%), H3BO3(A.R), ethanol(A.R), nitric acid(HNO3)(A.R) and (CH3CH2O)4Si(TEOS)(A.R) were employed as raw materials.
[7] Joly AG, Chen W, Zhang J, Wang S (2007) J Lumin 126:491 [8] Conga Y, Lia B, Leia B, Wanga X, Liua C, Liua J, Li W (2008) J.Lumin 128:105 [9] Xiao X, Yan BJ (2007) Mater Lett 61:1649 [10] Ling Jiang, Chengkang Chang, Dali Mao, Bin Zhang, Materials Letters 58 (2004) 1825–1829 [11] Blasse, G. and Grabmeier, B.
How does a luminescent material absorb its excitation energy?
In Luminescent Materials.
[13] Luxiang Wang, Li Zhang, Yudai Huang, Dianzeng Jia, Juanjuan Lu, Journal of Luminescence 129 (2009) 1032–1035

Optimal Design for Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloys with Anti-Wearing Tao Yuana, Zhen Luob and Rui Wangc School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China achuyuan19@163.com, b lz@tju.edu.cn, c wangrui19840816@163.com Keywords: Fe-Cr-C; Orthogonal Optimization Design; Hardfacing Alloys; Wear-resistance; Hardness Abstract.
Experimental materials and methods Experimental materials.
Table 2 Design content of surfacing alloy (ω, %) Level\Factor A B C D 1 0.4 2.5 0.1 0.2 2 0.6 3.0 0.3 0.3 3 0.8 3.5 0.5 0.4 Q235 steel is used as base material and prepared according to JB/T8423-1996, the size is 100 mm × 50 mm × 20 mm. 36 plates with the same size are prepared and every 4 plates belong to a same group which is welded with the same electrode.
Acknowledgments This research was supported by National Nature Science Funds of China (grant 50975197), State High-tech Research and Development Plans (the 863 plans) (grant 2008AA04Z136), Project Funds for New Century Talents of Ministry of Education, Double-Five Science and Technology Projects of Tianjin municipality colleges (grant 2009E6-0020), Integration Project of Production, Teaching and Research of Ministry of Education of Guangdong Province (grant 2007A0903021050), and Applied Basic Research Funds of Tianjin municipality (grant 09JCZDJC24000).
Welding Journal, 1995, 74(8) : 269-278 [2]Yongchuan Han.