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Nogita, Applied Mechanics and Materials.
Ahmad, Advanced Materials Research.
Siahaan, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
Lu, Materials Science and Engineering A.
Nogita, Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Experimental Starting materials.
Since self-sustained combustion requires the adiabatic temperature of the reaction to exceed 1,800°C [12], this reaction is thermodynamically feasible for the synthesis of ZiB2-SiC-MgO composite materials by SHS.
The results showed that this natural precursor can be used to reduce the costs of synthesizing advanced materials.
Acknowledgement The authors are pleased to acknowledge laboratory equipment and financial support from the Ceramic and Composite Materials Engineering Research Group (CMERG), Center of Excellence in Materials Engineering (CEME), Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
Niyomwas: Journal of Metals, Materials, and Minerals Vol. 19 (2009), p. 21-25

ZnO materials have been used in devices such as solar cell, piezoelectric devices, varistors, surface acoustic wave devices, chemical sensors and ultraviolet (UV) photoconductive sensor applications.
ZnO nanostructures materials showed quantum confinement effect where its properties become sizable independent which become suitable material for optoelectronic applications.
ZnO nanostructures materials also have unique properties such as good transparency, high electron mobility, wide band gap and strong room temperature luminescence.
Many wide band materials such as gallium nitrides (GaN), diamond, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) have been study to fabricate UV sensor.
Sen, Journal of Crystal Growth 256 (2003) 73 [4] Zi-Qiang Xu, Hong Deng, Juan Xie, Yan Li, Xiao-Tao Zu, Applied Surface Science 253 (2006) 476

Effects of Annealing on Microstructure and Phase Transformation Temperature of NiTiNb Shape Memory Alloy after Equal Channel Angular Pressing Huang Yuanzhi1, 2, a, Lu Shiqiang2*, b, Liu Junwei1, 2, c, Wang Kelu2, Li Guifa1, 2, Shu Xiaoyong1, 2 (1 Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Hangkong University; 2 College of Materials Science and Enginering, Nanchang Hangkong University) amangguo1989@126.com, bniatlusq@126.com, cliujw1981@yahoo.com.cn *Corresponding author: Lu Shiqiang; Tel: +86-791-83863039; E-mail: liujw1981@yahoo.com.cn Key words: NiTiNb shape memory alloy, ECAP, annealing, microstructure, phase transformation temperature Abstract.
Experimental The experimental Ni47-Ti44-Nb9 alloys are prepared by melting of raw materials (99.96 wt% sponge Ti, 99.96 wt% Ni, 99.96 wt% Nb) in ingots weight 6Kg by vacuum induction melting.
Acknowledgements Supported by foundation of Key Laboratory for Microstructural Control of Metallic Materials of Jiangxi Province (Nanchang Hangkong University) (LW201101) References [1] Z.Y.Xu.
Shape Memory Materials: (Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, Shanghai 2002) [2] Z.H.Li, X.H.Cheng: Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 42 (2008), 57 [3] Y.F.Li, X.J.Mi: Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys. 31（2011）, 204 [4] J.Zhang, K.S.Zhang: Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 19 (2009), 1303 [5] E.M.Wang, W.B.Zhao: Based Material Science & Technology. 7（1999）,251 [6] L.C.Zhao.
Study of NiTiNb Wide Hysteresis Shape Memory Alloy (Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 1991)

The BDMF entering the market each year is 10-15 million tons which raw materials are mainly biomasses that are easier to crush and form, such as wood chips, corn cobs, peanut shells, corn stalks, etc[1].
Life heating and civilian boilers began to use BDM as fossil raw materials, and Small-scale thermal power plants also began to use BDMF as fuel and began to sell technology and equipment to foreign countries.
Foreign producers are farmers, and the raw materials of them are low, but the processing cost is high.
Not only to think over molding machine, but also to consider the mechanization of the collection of raw materials, storage facilities and technology, molding equipment and conditions, burning stoves and the mechanization and modernization of other sections.
Development and Analysis of the Biomass Briquetting Technologies[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 1998，(4)：349－354

Influence of Heating Temperature on Microstructure Characteristics of Directionally Solidified Ni-45Ti-5Al Alloy Xiaoli ZHANG1,a, Ruolei LI1, Chunyan YANG1, Xiaofan CHEN1, Hu ZHANG2 1Military Transportation University, Tianjin 300161, China 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China azhangxiaoli0802@163.com Key words: Ni-45Ti-5Al alloy; directional solidification; microstructure; heating temperature Abstract.
Experimental materials and methods Choose sponge titanium, nickel block and aluminum ingots as raw materials with purity of 99.76%,99.98% and 99.99% respectively, in accordance with the nominal composition ratio Ni-45Ti-5Al ( at.% ) alloy.
Structural materials of intermetallic compounds[M].
Materials Science and Engineering, 1997, 223A: 36-41
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2005, 389(1-2): 80-94.

Structure and Interfacial Property of UHMWPE Fiber Treated by Pyrrole Vapor Deposition Cun Zhou 1, a, Xin Jin 2,b and Wenyu Wang 3,c 1Tianjin Textile Fiber Interfacial Treatment Engineering Center, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, China 2State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, China 3Tianjin Bestchance Medical Device Co.
For this reason, UHMWPE have found a wide application as a load bearing and bulletproof materials.
As far as UHMWPE fibers are used as in great industrial materials, their undesirable adhesion property brings about disadvantages.
Experimental detail Materials UHMWPE fibers are provided by Nanjing Chemical fiber Co., Ltd, China.
Phys. 42 (2004),p.463 [3] J.M.Hofste, J.A.Schut, A.J.Pennings, Journal of materials science: materials in medicine, Vol.9(1998),p.561 [4] C.Cheng, Z.Liye, R.Zhan, Surface and coatings technology, Vol.200(2006)p.6695 [5] L.H.Carvalho, Polimeros: Ciencia e Tecnologia, Vol.19(2009),p.72 [6] M.Khalid, F.Mohammad: Synthetic Metals, Vol. 159(2009),p.119 [7] C.F.Xiao, X.M.Tao, S.M.Leung: Polm.

The exceptional properties of nanoparticulate materials are mainly due to the large surface area of the nanoparticles and their quantum effect when compared with the same material in the conventional dimension.
Investment in nanomaterials is growing and driving global market, increasing the consumption of materials, products and processes toward this area.
This can be explained by the presence of other materials existing in suspension in the leachate, and the agitation of the solution afforded the pre-existing friction between the materials of TiO2 nanoparticles and reducing its initial size.
Kim: Environmental Science &Technology Vol. 41 (2007), p. 179
Biswas: Journal of Nanoparticle Research Vol. 11. (2008), p. 77

The usual method of machining hardened materials includes rough turning, followed by heat treatment, and then grinding process.
The selected work material has been skin turned before hardening to 54 HRC to bring in to the uniform cross sectional area throughout the length and also to remove unwanted sticking of foreign materials.
[3] J.Kundrak , A.G.Mamalis, K.Gyani, A.Markopoulos, “Environmentally Friendly Precision Machining” Materials and Manufacturing Processes, Vol.21 No.1 (2006), p. 29-37
[4] W.Grzesik, T.Wanat, “Comparative assessment of surface roughness produced by hard machining with mixed ceramic tools including 2D and 3D analysis” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.169 No.3 (2005), p. 364–371
Abhang, M.Hameedullah, “Chip-tool interface temperature prediction model for turning process” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol.2, issue-4 (2010), p.382-393

These materials are used in low friction, non-lubricated parts such as gears, cams, bearings, bushes, bearing cages etc. [1].
This experiment specifies three principle wear testing conditions including applied load (L), sliding speed (S), and material types or elongation / tensile strain at break (E) on tested materials as process parameters.
In this work, a lower-is-better characteristic is requested because the smallest wear rate of the tested materials is interested.
Analysis of Variance The ANOVA results for the dry sliding wear behaviour of polymeric materials are listed in Table 2.
Davim: Application of Taguchi techniques to study dry sliding wear behaviour of metal matrix composites, Materials and design, 28, (2007), pp 1393.