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There are two types of ionic conductors based on ceramic materials that can be used as electrolytes in fuel cell.
Recently, researchers are focused on the application of two-step sintering (TSS) method to fabricate dense ultra-fined ceramic materials.
Materials and Methods Sample preparation Raw materials of Ba(NO3)2 (99%,ACROS), Ce(NO3)3 (99.5%,ACROS), Zr(NO3)2O.xH2O (99.5%,ACROS) and Y(NO3)3.5H2O (99.9%, Aldrich) were used to prepare the Ba(Ce,Zr)O3 powders.
Applied Surface Science, 234(1-4), 487–492
Advanced Materials Research, 896(3),112–115

Indeed, different approaches have been used to produce B-doped carbon materials [5, 6, 7].
Yoshida: Journal of Material Science Vol. 39 (2004), p. 4507
Dallabona: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Vol. 18 (2000), p. 11
Babonneau: Chemistry of Materials Vol. 11 (1999), p. 910
Schiavon: Materials Research Vol. 10 (2007), p. 147

Some materials explored for nanocellulose production include cornhusk [4], rice straws [5], fruit fibers [6], sugarcane bagasse [7], and many other plant materials Coconut husk is an abundant lignocellulosic byproduct of the coconut industry, especially in wet tropical areas including the Philippines [8].
Experimental Materials Matured coconut husk was acquired from Taal, Batangas, Philippines.
Abd Wahab: submitted to Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences (2021), in press
Widjaja: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Vol 306 (2018), p. 012046
Rana: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 85 (2002), p. 2594-2599

Influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, the soil pH presents a rising tendency.
Materials and Methods Study Area.
The soil pH in UGS was increased in opposition to the soil acidification and it was likely to be influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, such as lime and Portland cement, according to the further investigation.
Sims: Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 50 (1986), p. 367-373
Chen: Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Vol. 41(2012), p. 167-170 (In Chinese)

In this study, two Mg-Zn-Gd alloys (Mg-5Zn-5Gd and Mg-5Zn-3Gd) are fabricated using high purity raw materials and by a clean melting process and subjected to immersion testing.
Experimental Procedure The two Mg-Zn-Gd alloys, Alloy 1 (Mg-5Zn-5Gd) and Alloy 2 (Mg-5Zn-3Gd) were prepared using high purity magnesium ingots and zinc granules as raw materials.
Feng, Effects of Zn on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn alloys, Materials Science and Engineering C 32 (2012) 2570–2577
Ebert, Magnesium: Properties-application-potential, Materials Science and Engineering 30 (2) (2001) 37−45
Vojtech, Structural characteristics and corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg-Zn, Mg-Zn-Gd alloys, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 24 (2013) 1615-1626.

MA, Friction Stir welding and processing, Materials Science and Engineering, 50 (2005)1-78
Emamian, Visual Analysis of Material Flow During Friction Stir Welding of Nylon-6, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11 (2016) 4186-4190
Sinmaz, Effect of Double Passes of the Tool on Friction Stir Welding of Polyethylene, Journal of Materials Science, 40 (2005) 3313-3316
Wynne, The use of bobbin tools for friction stir welding of aluminium alloys, Materials Science Forum, 642 (2010) 1179-1184
[60] He Xiaocong, Gu Fengshou, Andrew Ball, A review of numerical analysis of friction stir welding, Progress in Materials Science, 65(2014) 1–66.

Experimental The sheath and insulation materials of a commercially available cable (ZR-BV), was used in this paper.
International symposium on fire science and fire-protection engineering.
Thermodecompostion and combustion properties of polyvinyl chloride decorating materials[J].
Polymer Materials Science and Engineering , 2000 16(3): 125-127 [3] Zeng Xuegang, Tang Lihua, Yu Feng, Ying Weiyong, Zhu Zibin.
Journal of East China University of Science and Technology, 2003, 29(4): 346-350 [4] Anthony G M.

Bio-modeling, Bio-medical devices and Implants and Bio-materials encompasses with AM are termed as Bio-Additive Manufacturing (BAM) [2].
Virtually any powdered materials that will fuse but not decompose under laser beam can be used for fabrication [4,5].
[6] Yingkai Liu, Dedong Hou, Guanghou Wang “A simple wet chemical synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite nanorods”, J.Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol 86, pp 69–73, 2004
Marquis, “Microstructural Characterization of hydroxyapatite coating on titanium”, Journal of Material Science, Vol 3, pp 283-287, 1992
[14] Miroljub Vilotijevi, Petar Markovi, Slavica Zec, Slobodan Marinkovi, Vukoman Jokanovi(2011), “Hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by a high power laminar plasma jet”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 211 996–1004

Composite materials are materials, composed of two or more fundamental materials with different properties, when combined to get a material with different properties than that of individual constituents.
To overcome this problem, a new class of material presented, named as Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs).
Lin, Elastic analysis for thick cylinders and spherical vessels made of functionally graded materials, Computational Material Science, Vol. 44 (2008) pp. 581-587 [5] M.
El Desouky, A review on functionally graded ceramic metal materials, Material Environment Science, Vol. 6, No. 5 (2015) pp. 1369-1376 [9] L.
Mahur, Analysis of functionally graded cylinder subjected to varying thermal load in axial direction, International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, Vol. 4, No. 7 (2016) pp. 189-195 [12] Ch.

Assuming the FGM is composed with two materials, such as metal and ceramic.
Materials in top surface and in bottom surface of the beam are ceramic and metal, respectively.
Cooling set and its recovery in water-satruated bamboo under large bending deformation, JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE .55 ( 2) 100-106(2004) [2] Bolotin, V.
Beijing: Science Press,1994
-H..Journal of Sound and Vibration 248,379.(2001)