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Online since: October 2010
Authors: Yang Liu, Zhi Sheng Zhang, Jin Fei Shi
The last step provides the sources of the variation of the measurement data.
One is a Fourier basis for periodic data while the other is a B-spline basis for non-periodic data.
Fig.2 HFE Standardized Test Data Scatter Diagram .
Silverman: Functional Data Analysis (Springer , New York, U.S.A 2006), pp.84-85
Vieu: Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Vol. 51 (2007) No.10, pp. 4788-4792
One is a Fourier basis for periodic data while the other is a B-spline basis for non-periodic data.
Fig.2 HFE Standardized Test Data Scatter Diagram .
Silverman: Functional Data Analysis (Springer , New York, U.S.A 2006), pp.84-85
Vieu: Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Vol. 51 (2007) No.10, pp. 4788-4792
Online since: September 2007
Authors: B. Matović, A. Radosavljević-Mihajlović, A. Egelja, M. Pošarac, A. Devečerski
Fabrication of SiC by Carbothermal-Reduction Reactions of Sepiolite
A.
Abstract The objective of this manuscript was to investigate the synthesis of SiC by carbothermal- reduction reactions of sepiolite.
The most promising candidate for obtaining a large variety of non-oxide products for important technical uses is carbothermal-reduction reaction (CRR) [4].
Due to its composition and high surface area, it can be used as an Si precursor for the synthesis of SiC powder by carbothermal-reduction reaction (CRR) by mixing it with one of reducing agents.
Only when phenol-formaldehyde resin (as a precursor of carbon) was used, good quality SiC was obtained in rather mild conditions (1673 K, 1h) when compared with the literature data (T=1773-2273K) [8].
Abstract The objective of this manuscript was to investigate the synthesis of SiC by carbothermal- reduction reactions of sepiolite.
The most promising candidate for obtaining a large variety of non-oxide products for important technical uses is carbothermal-reduction reaction (CRR) [4].
Due to its composition and high surface area, it can be used as an Si precursor for the synthesis of SiC powder by carbothermal-reduction reaction (CRR) by mixing it with one of reducing agents.
Only when phenol-formaldehyde resin (as a precursor of carbon) was used, good quality SiC was obtained in rather mild conditions (1673 K, 1h) when compared with the literature data (T=1773-2273K) [8].
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Zheng Yi Jiang, A. Kiet Tieu, Jian Ning Tang, Dong Bin Wei, Wei Hua Sun
The calculated roughness is close to the measured data.
The results from the FEM simulation will be compared with the experimental data that used the same rolling and profile parameters.
Fig. 8 shows a comparison of the simulated surface roughness with the experimental data.
It can be seen that the calculated results are Oxide scale Steel close to the experimental data.
The results of the simulation are compared with the experimental data to verify the effectiveness of the developed model for calculating the surface roughness transformation.
The results from the FEM simulation will be compared with the experimental data that used the same rolling and profile parameters.
Fig. 8 shows a comparison of the simulated surface roughness with the experimental data.
It can be seen that the calculated results are Oxide scale Steel close to the experimental data.
The results of the simulation are compared with the experimental data to verify the effectiveness of the developed model for calculating the surface roughness transformation.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yuan Hong Gao, Lian Ping Chen, Jian Gao Yang, Bai Tao Su
This hints that the reduction mechanism might be different.
During the reduction of WO3 or Na2WO4 through the ball milling, the incomplete reduction should be considered.
Fig. 2 gives the calculation results of the incomplete reduction of Na2WO4.
Though the reduction of many reagents can be explained by the multi-step reduction mechanism, the reduction of Na2WO4 or WO3 by ball milling seems an exception.
Hu, Handbook on the thermodynamic data of inorganic materials (2nd edition); Metallurgy Industrial Publishing House, Beijing, China, 2002.
During the reduction of WO3 or Na2WO4 through the ball milling, the incomplete reduction should be considered.
Fig. 2 gives the calculation results of the incomplete reduction of Na2WO4.
Though the reduction of many reagents can be explained by the multi-step reduction mechanism, the reduction of Na2WO4 or WO3 by ball milling seems an exception.
Hu, Handbook on the thermodynamic data of inorganic materials (2nd edition); Metallurgy Industrial Publishing House, Beijing, China, 2002.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Shun Myung Shin, Jei Pil Wang, Dong Ju Shin, Sung Ho Joo
Therefore, Py is one of the most common materials for the magnetic data storage and can be found in a variety of magnetic micro and nanostructures [6,7].
Multiple step reactions for the reduction of iron and nickel oxides by hydrogen were proposed by thermodynamic program using HSC Chemistry5.1.
Experimental The reduction of iron-nickel oxide using hydrogen gas was conducted at the range of temperature from 800°C and 1000°C.
Multiple step reactions for the reduction of iron and nickel oxides by hydrogen were proposed and their data of gibbs free energy change (ΔG) were calculated by thermodynamic program given by HSC Chemistry5.1.
XRD pattern and shape of metallic powder obtained after hydrogen reduction.
Multiple step reactions for the reduction of iron and nickel oxides by hydrogen were proposed by thermodynamic program using HSC Chemistry5.1.
Experimental The reduction of iron-nickel oxide using hydrogen gas was conducted at the range of temperature from 800°C and 1000°C.
Multiple step reactions for the reduction of iron and nickel oxides by hydrogen were proposed and their data of gibbs free energy change (ΔG) were calculated by thermodynamic program given by HSC Chemistry5.1.
XRD pattern and shape of metallic powder obtained after hydrogen reduction.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ya Jun Wang, Jin Quan Zheng
In tone reservation-based OFDM systems, the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction performance mainly depends on the selection of peak reduction tone (PRT) set.
In tone reservation-based OFDM systems, the PAPR reduction performance by TR method mainly depends on the selection of peak reduction tone (PRT) set.
OFDM System and Tone Reservation Technique The discrete-time OFDM signal can be expressed in matrix form (1) Where X is the data vector and Q is the IDFT matrix.
Tellado, ``Peak to average power reduction for multicarrier Modulation,'' Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., 2000
Cioffi, ``Peak power reduction for multicarrier transmission,''Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, 1999
In tone reservation-based OFDM systems, the PAPR reduction performance by TR method mainly depends on the selection of peak reduction tone (PRT) set.
OFDM System and Tone Reservation Technique The discrete-time OFDM signal can be expressed in matrix form (1) Where X is the data vector and Q is the IDFT matrix.
Tellado, ``Peak to average power reduction for multicarrier Modulation,'' Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Univ., 2000
Cioffi, ``Peak power reduction for multicarrier transmission,''Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, 1999
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Zheng Zhong Duan
Therefore, the loss of contacting transformer reduction is the scope of technical loss reduction, and main control one is to contact the transformer's active power and reactive power with loss [6].
The simulation data is the actual operation data of the Northeast Power Grid.
It controlled and simulated the two methods, the active and reactive power and data simulation, and this two control strategies loss Reduction simple analysis confirmed its feasibility.
It also will contact the transformer active and reactive power control effectiveness and voltage regulator effect again contrast by the actual data simulation.
Power plant transformer loss reduction control strategy [J].
The simulation data is the actual operation data of the Northeast Power Grid.
It controlled and simulated the two methods, the active and reactive power and data simulation, and this two control strategies loss Reduction simple analysis confirmed its feasibility.
It also will contact the transformer active and reactive power control effectiveness and voltage regulator effect again contrast by the actual data simulation.
Power plant transformer loss reduction control strategy [J].
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Yue Zhou Qi, Wen Yi Deng, Ya Xin Su
The results showed that SO2 did not place negative effect on NO reduction by iron.
Su et al [12] proposed the NO reduction by metallic iron mesh rolls and experimentally studied the NO reduction by methane over iron mesh roll [13].
The results showed that SO2 did not place negative effect on NO reduction by iron.
(a) SEM image and the site to conduct the EDS (b) EDS result Element apparent concentration wt% Atom ratio,% C 0.10 2.10 6.28 O 5.92 17.96 40.37 S 0.61 3.95 4.42 Fe 9.69 75.99 48.92 total: 100.00 100.00 (c) quantitative elements data Fig 7 Local EDS analysis of the iron sample after reaction (Flow rate 1.5L/min, NO=0.05%, SO2=0.01%, CH4= 0.4%, N2 balance, 1050°C) (a) SEM image and the site to conduct the EDS (b) EDS result Element apparent concentration wt% Atom ratio, % C 0.19 3.83 9.65 O 8.23 28.30 53.55 Fe 7.10 67.87 36.80 total: 100.00 100.00 (c) quantitative elements data Fig 8 Local EDS analysis of the iron sample after reaction (Flow rate 1.5L/min, NO=0.05%, SO2=0.01%, CH4= 0.4%, N2 balance, 1050°C) Sulfur was detected at the iron surface where white attachment was produced, as showed in Fig 7.
The results showed that SO2 did not place negative effect on NO reduction by iron.
Su et al [12] proposed the NO reduction by metallic iron mesh rolls and experimentally studied the NO reduction by methane over iron mesh roll [13].
The results showed that SO2 did not place negative effect on NO reduction by iron.
(a) SEM image and the site to conduct the EDS (b) EDS result Element apparent concentration wt% Atom ratio,% C 0.10 2.10 6.28 O 5.92 17.96 40.37 S 0.61 3.95 4.42 Fe 9.69 75.99 48.92 total: 100.00 100.00 (c) quantitative elements data Fig 7 Local EDS analysis of the iron sample after reaction (Flow rate 1.5L/min, NO=0.05%, SO2=0.01%, CH4= 0.4%, N2 balance, 1050°C) (a) SEM image and the site to conduct the EDS (b) EDS result Element apparent concentration wt% Atom ratio, % C 0.19 3.83 9.65 O 8.23 28.30 53.55 Fe 7.10 67.87 36.80 total: 100.00 100.00 (c) quantitative elements data Fig 8 Local EDS analysis of the iron sample after reaction (Flow rate 1.5L/min, NO=0.05%, SO2=0.01%, CH4= 0.4%, N2 balance, 1050°C) Sulfur was detected at the iron surface where white attachment was produced, as showed in Fig 7.
The results showed that SO2 did not place negative effect on NO reduction by iron.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Shou Zhang Li, Wei Tian, Jun Guo Li
To optimize the reduction technology of SSI and its removal ability for nitrate from wastewater, the influence of reduction temperature of SSI on nitrate removal was investigated.
But the higher specific area was also impacted by deoxidizer, reduction temperature and reduction time, etc.
When the temperature was T1, the reduction temperature was too low to accelerate nucleating of metal iron with the iron oxides reduction.
lnr=ln(-dC/dt)=lnkobs+nlnC (5) According to the kinetic experiment datum shown in Fig. 1, reaction rate equations of nitrate removal by SSI reduced under different temperature could be calculated and illustrated in Table 1.
SSI reduction could not be optimized merely on the basement of its removal ability of nitrate, other factors should be taken into account, such as reduction atmosphere, temperature, reduction time, etc.
But the higher specific area was also impacted by deoxidizer, reduction temperature and reduction time, etc.
When the temperature was T1, the reduction temperature was too low to accelerate nucleating of metal iron with the iron oxides reduction.
lnr=ln(-dC/dt)=lnkobs+nlnC (5) According to the kinetic experiment datum shown in Fig. 1, reaction rate equations of nitrate removal by SSI reduced under different temperature could be calculated and illustrated in Table 1.
SSI reduction could not be optimized merely on the basement of its removal ability of nitrate, other factors should be taken into account, such as reduction atmosphere, temperature, reduction time, etc.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Bing Nan Ren, Qiao Wen Yang
Then the catalyst was characterized by BET, TEM and XPS, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO at low-temperature was investigated.
The NO conversion was improved with reduction temperature increase under 250℃, increased slowly over 250℃.
Table 1 BET specific surface area and pore structure analysis of carbon nano tubes Samples SBET [m2/g] Pore volume [cm3/g] Mean pore size [nm] CNTs after purification 145.1517 0.776334 23.7064 2#Mn/CNTs catalyst 111.8898 0.576013 23.1726 3#Mn/CNTs catalyst 96.4381 0.490601 21.2062 It can be found that the specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore size of catalyst all slightly decreased, but decreased significantly when compared with carrier (CNTs after purification) by making comparisons of data in Table 1, which illustrated that the metallic oxide loaded on the surface of carrier after impregnation allowed the carrier confront with severe pore blocking phenomenon leading to the specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore size all decreased.
During the process of the experiment, within the temperature scope of 150~200℃, the consumption of NH3 was mainly for NO reduction reaction, and NO conversion rate increased rapidly.
Mn-Ce/ZSM as a new superior catalyst for NO reduction with NH3.
The NO conversion was improved with reduction temperature increase under 250℃, increased slowly over 250℃.
Table 1 BET specific surface area and pore structure analysis of carbon nano tubes Samples SBET [m2/g] Pore volume [cm3/g] Mean pore size [nm] CNTs after purification 145.1517 0.776334 23.7064 2#Mn/CNTs catalyst 111.8898 0.576013 23.1726 3#Mn/CNTs catalyst 96.4381 0.490601 21.2062 It can be found that the specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore size of catalyst all slightly decreased, but decreased significantly when compared with carrier (CNTs after purification) by making comparisons of data in Table 1, which illustrated that the metallic oxide loaded on the surface of carrier after impregnation allowed the carrier confront with severe pore blocking phenomenon leading to the specific surface area, pore volume, and mean pore size all decreased.
During the process of the experiment, within the temperature scope of 150~200℃, the consumption of NH3 was mainly for NO reduction reaction, and NO conversion rate increased rapidly.
Mn-Ce/ZSM as a new superior catalyst for NO reduction with NH3.