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However, due to their brittleness, piezoceramics can develop damage leading to initiation of micro-cracks, affecting the performance of the material in general and the micro-devices in particular.
It is highlighted how the ensemble averaged apparent properties converge for aggregates containing grains.
The system is subjected to a prescribed value of displacement and a constant electric potential between the top and bottom surfaces; b) Macroscopic stress as a function of the load factor and the applied electric potential (cohesive properties as in Fig.2).
Micromechanics: Overall Properties of Heterogeneous Materials, North Holland, 1999 [5] Espinosa HD, Zavattieri PD.
Effective properties of piezoelectric polycrystals.

The properties of the anodic oxide film would be optimized when the parameters were appropriately controlled.
Introduction Ti-6Al-4V has been widely used as dental implant materials due to their good mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility [1-2].
The result in operating at elevated current density and higher concentration of saturated MCPM electrolyte would affect to the properties of anodic oxide film which showed the better surface roughness and hydrophilicity to the film.
Both the increased roughness and altered chemical species at the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy following anodization are likely to be crucial factors in the enhanced hydrophilicity of the anodized film.
Han et al., Mechanical properties of titania prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation at different voltages, Surf.

The researches of non-oriented silicon steel are mainly focused on the effect of main processing parameters on the microstructure and magnetic properties, but there have been few studied about its flow stress until now.
In this paper, the non-oriented silicon steel 50A1300 of hot forming is studied by thermal-mechanical simulation method.
Introduction The researches of non-oriented silicon steel are mainly focused on the effect of main processing parameters on the microstructure and magnetic properties[1-6].
In this paper, using thermal-mechanical simulation method the hot deformation behavior of the steel 50A1300 is discussed in order to explore the effect of deformation temperature, strain rate, strain extent on the deformation resistance.
(2) Statistical analysis of experimental results shown that the strain rate and deformation temperature are not only the most sensitive factors, but also processing control factors

However, heat treatment generally causes a apparent decrease in wood mechanical properties due to the material loses in cell wall, hemicellulose degradation and the modification of long chain molecules[6-7].
The target in this research was to determine how heat treatment affects these physical properties of Douglas fir wood.
In all of the above factors, the decrease in hemicellulose content of wood is usually believed the main factor to decrease the hygroscopicity of wood.
Further studies are in progress to determine if heat treatment affects the microscopic structure, chemical composition and combustion properties of wood.
Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood.

It can be seen from Table 2 that the possible reason was the multiple factors affecting the behavior of anchors with embedment depth 8 ~10d under tensile load, resulting in uncertainty in the failure mode and greater variance in the ultimate load.
The minimum embedment depth for steel failure represents the basic requirement, which is also affected by material properties of the steel, ingredients and properties of the adhesive;A combined failure includes a concrete cone failure and a bond failure below it.
The selection of τ is an important matter. τ is related to the chemical constituents and the mechanical properties of the mortar, the way of handling during installation as well as the anchor diameter.
The failure mechanism and factors affecting combine failure are rather complicated.
Factors influencing bond strength of adhesive anchors.

Tribological properties of Ekonol composites friction material in traveling ware ultrasonic motor Fengyan Sun1, a, Jianjun Qu2,b 1 National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China afysun@ustb.edu.cn, bthqjj@163.net Keywords: tribological properties, EKonol composites, traveling wave ultrasonic motor.
Then Ek2 and Cu rotor is a good friction combination which can satisfy the actual running needs of TWUSM. 1 Introduction Traveling wave ultrasonic motor(TWUSM) is driven by friction force between stator and rotor, then the tribological properties of contact interface is one of the important factors which can effect the life and performance of TWUSM.
Then effects of driving mode and friction pair combinations for tribological properties of motor contact interface.
Compared with other stator-rotor combinations, its no-load speed is highest, and output power is also highest in larger range of load torque. 3.3 Wear characteristics Wear resistance of friction material is one of the important factors to affect the motor life.
Wear Properties and Life Prediction of Friction Materials for Ultrasonic Motors.

The residual stress affects ahml: the larger the residual stress, the larger ahml will be.
The aspect ratio also affects ahlm.
The chemical compositions and mechanical properties are listed in Table 1 and 2, respectively.
C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr 0.57 0.25 0.86 0.022 0.019 0.3 0.11 0.82 Table 2 Mechanical properties.
Kong, The needs of power spectral density in fatigue life prediction of heavy vehicle leaf spring, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 34 (2020) 2341-2346

It is well-known that the microstructure is the most intuitive way to measure the mechanical properties of materials, including hardness and so on.
Finally, the laminated materials were tested for mechanical properties.
Iron-based amorphous alloys are superior to crystalline alloys in physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and have higher strength, toughness and corrosion resistance.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Different Consolidation Rates.
Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Joint with Ultrasonic Consolidation[J]. 2018

Finally, the moisture effects on the mechanical properties of pure and doped PEO membranes are reported.
In view of the technological application we investigated, by means of anelastic spectroscopy, the mechanical properties of the composite membrane and the properties of the glass and crystal/amorphous transitions, whose occurrence affects the electrochemical performance of the polymer in the lithium battery.
In addition, the stiffness of the doped membrane in the two states is steadily higher by a factor of 2-3 with respect to pure PEO.
At the contrary, doped PEO is strongly affected by the air exposure.
Conclusions The mechanical properties of lithium battery polymer electrolyte membranes based on polyethylene oxide and on PEO doped by LiCF3SO3, Li2S and ZrO2 were measured in the temperature range 90 K - 400 K.

The depth of cut ap and grinding method gm are significant factors that affected the size of two-side direction burr, and the significant order are as follows: depth of cut ap> grinding method gm > table speed vw >interaction av.
It realizes the integrated manufacturing of grinding and surface hardening and has wide application prospects in the filed of grinding machine and improving surface properties of metal material [1-2].Since the grinding-hardening process was put forword, lots of scholars studied on grinding-hardening machine and achieved some research results [2-12], but rarely studied on the two-side direction burr formed in grinding-hardening machine.
But depth of cut is highly significant factor, table speed and grinding method are general significant factors.
But depth of cut is highly significant factor, table speed and grinding method are general significant factors.
Conclusions (1) In grinding-hardening machine, the depth of cut ap and grinding method gm are significant factors that affected the burr’s size, the table speed vw and interaction av are insignificant factors.