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Online since: June 2007
Authors: Yoon Chang Park, Dae Won Lee, Ha Kyun Jung
The maximum emission intensity for this spherical blue phosphor was obtained by reduction treatment at 1450°C.
On the other hand, the relative emission intensity of the synthesized phosphor rises with increasing reduction temperature.
Accordingly, it can be evaluated that the optimum reduction temperature for spherical BAM particles synthesized by the two-stage precipitation method is 1450°C.
However, the optimized reduction temperature for the spherical phosphor was 1450°C on the basis of VUV-PL data.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Bing Yan
These include stormwater management [1,2], improved water run-off quality [3], improved urban air quality [4], extension of roof life [5] and a reduction of the urban heat island effect [6].
The green roof, can increase the per capita amount of city green quantity rate, save land, improve the urban landscape, regulate the microclimate, improve air quality, and Relieve city heat island effect, extend building life, promote energy conservation and emission reduction,it have good aesthetic function, economic and social benefits, and good ecological benefits.
For example,in Tokyo law, it clearly prescribe that if the covering area of new buildings is more than 1000m2, the green roof ’s area must achieve 20%; Only when clearly decide the green roof’s area reached proportion, the building energy conservation and emission reduction can be significantly improved, and how green roof can reduce rainfall runoff features.
This paper discuss the funcation of green roof, which is how to improve ecological environment and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction,and gave some suggestions about how to do this.We also propose the estimate method for the cost of green roofs construction project and green roof’s economic value and ecological benefit, and puts forward related Suggestions.
Using the most recent data available for the service sector, it is possible to estimate the potential annual energy savings that retrofitting green roofs could provide.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Valeria Corinaldesi
Satisfactory, if not excellent, results were obtained from the collected experimental data.
With respect to the reference mixture the use of the GRP filler instead of LP caused a significant reduction of strength (about -15%).
Also the additions of either SRA or RCA partially replacing light expanded clay caused a slight reduction of strength (around -5%).
Morever, the addition of the defoamer was strongly positive in terms of tensile strength increase (+20%) due to the consequent reduction of voids caused by the lower entrapped air.
Also the use of GRP powder instead of LP showed a positive effect on drying shrinkage (reduction of about -15%).
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Alexsandra Cristina Chaves, Fernando A.P. Cunha, Jesana Moura Silva, L.L.M. Sales, C.M.S. Vieira, R.A. Candeia
The X-ray diffraction data were submitted to microstructural analysis by refinement by the Rietveld method, by means of MAUD (Materials Analysis Using Diffraction) [5].
Figures 3a and 3b show the adaption of the refinement data.
Figure 3a shows that the adaption of the points represent the result obtained from the X-ray device for the CeO2/ZnO sample calcined in ambient atmosphere at 900ºC, while the continuous line represents the data refinement.
The increase in the crystallite size leads directly to the reduction of the superficial area.
Results of the X-ray data refinement for the samples at 900ºC in the presence of Air and Oxygen.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Xiao Peng Hua, Xian Feng Li
Without loss of generality, we assume that the matrix X with size of m×n represents the all training data points, the matrix X1 with size of m1×n represents the data points of class 1 (positive class), and the matrix X2 with size of m2×n represents the data points of class 2 (negative class), where m=m1+m2.
It buids an adjacency graph incorporating neiborhood information of the data set.
LPP preserves well the intrinsic geometry of the data and local structure.
That is the global geometric structure of the corresponding data space will be reflected.
The class of an unknown data point xRn is determined as class(x)=
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Mohd Zamin Jumaat, Mahmud Hilmi, Payam Shafigh
Data show that OPS concrete is very sensitive to curing, especially when GGBFS is used as a supplementary cementitious material.
Because of the vast amount of concrete produced today, even a small reduction in the environmental impact per ton of concrete will result in considerable benefits to the environment [2].
Hence, the significant increase in strength gain from 1 to 3 days is due to the GGBFS, which, being finer than OPC, can cause a significant reduction in the volume of the pores of the concrete.
The advantages of using lower cement content is clear where reductions in the emissions in the cement industry such as CO2, SO2, NOx, dust and heavy metals and also huge amount of natural resources, energy, fossil fuels, water can be realized [16].
However, after 7 days, for GGBFS concrete, a significant reduction in the strength of specimens under air drying appeared at the ages of 28 and 56 days compared to those that were water cured.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Abdul Aziz Omar, Thanabalan Murugesan, Anisa Ur Rahmah, Sabtanti Harimurti
The experimental data were plotted against the pseudo zero-th, first and second order of kinetic.
Based on regression coefficient value, the data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic.
The table indicates that the present OTC degradation data fits well with pseudo first order kinetics with higher R2 values (0.947-0.995) with the calculated kobs was found to be equal with 0.181 min-1.
As shown by Fig. 3, after 10 min of irradiation, pH value was reduced nearly half of its initial value (pH = 3.8), which could be observed from reduction of OTC parent compound peak area.
Based on the regression coefficient, it was found that experimental data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic, with the calculated kobs of 0.181 min-1.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Tomas Vargas, Blanca Escobar
In ferric anaerobic leaching 46 mg of ferrous iron were dissolved corresponding to the chemical reduction of ferric iron on pyrite, 10.84 mg pyrite would be dissolved.
Fig. 2 shows that the biological reduction of ferric iron was accompanied by a greatest decrease of the culture pH, compared with decrease of pH in the ferric leaching of pyrite; this can be explained by a greater generation of sulfuric acid due to the sulfur oxidation by bacteria (equation 2).
Participation of sulfur or RISC as intermediate in the anaerobic ferric bioleaching of pyrite, was evidenced by the results of an additional experiment of ferric anaerobic bioleaching of pyrite with 1 g/L of Fe(III) iron that showed similar results to those presented above (data not shown).
Brock, J.Gustafson, Ferric ion reduction by sulfur and iron-oxidizing bacteria, Appl.
Johnson, Reduction of soluble iron and reductive dissolution of ferric iron-containing minerals by moderately thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria, Appl.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Tae Won Kim, Kwang Ki Lee, Kwang Soon Lee
The results obtained are compared with experimental data.
The second term of Eq. 1 represents the reduction of atomic density due to the diffusion process, the third term is reduction of atomic density by capturing of island, and the final term means reduction of atomic density regard to the direct deposition process.
Ag is a common material that is already known in many (a) (b) (c) Fig. 1 Growth of island boundary of Ag for the times of (a) t=10 s, (b) t=20 s, and (c) t=30 s. 50 � 50 � 50 � Table 1 Comparison of the predictions and experimental data of island growth size for Alq3.
The island boundary growth thus has been modeled initially using the available literature data of the material.
The results obtained are compared with experimental data of Alq3, and generally good agreement has been achieved.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Ismail Hanafi, Sivakumar Ramakrishan, Norlia Baharun, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor, Sheikh Abdul Rezan, Ali Yaraghi, Eltefat Ahmadi, Mohammad Hanif Abang Sapri, Noor Izah Shoparwe, Hareyani Zabidi, Hazman Haji Seli, Kamar Shah Ariffin
The common carbon source used for reduction was coke and coal.
Computer programs were used to fit the measured (x-ray/neutron) diffraction pattern of the sample and performs cyclic calculations to minimize the difference between a given structure model and the experimental data. [9].
The morphology of ilmenite sand changed in the process of reduction.
Reduction of ilmenite in inert gases resulted in formation of coarse grains of metallic iron with a denser particle structure in comparison with reduction in hydrogen [12].
Li, “Carbothermal Solid State Reduction of Stable Metal Oxides,” steel Res.
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