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Online since: September 2023
Authors: Soma Das, Manish Deshmukh, Sumit Kumar Gupta, Abhijeet Agrawal
Afterwards Fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication systems utilize multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology to further increase data transmission rates [6].
In present day, significant surge in the demand for high data rates and bandwidth in the wireless industry, ultra-wide-band (UWB) antennas are becoming very popular for indoor applications and handheld devices [8].
UWB communication systems offer numerous benefits such as high-speed data transfer with high efficiency, low complexity, low cost, and high precision [9].
These designed systems are vulnerable to the impact of the multipath fading effect, reliability, and data quality, this effect will be minimized by using MIMO Antenna [24].
It can provide high data rate wireless communication, excellent spectral efficiency, and low power consumption.
In present day, significant surge in the demand for high data rates and bandwidth in the wireless industry, ultra-wide-band (UWB) antennas are becoming very popular for indoor applications and handheld devices [8].
UWB communication systems offer numerous benefits such as high-speed data transfer with high efficiency, low complexity, low cost, and high precision [9].
These designed systems are vulnerable to the impact of the multipath fading effect, reliability, and data quality, this effect will be minimized by using MIMO Antenna [24].
It can provide high data rate wireless communication, excellent spectral efficiency, and low power consumption.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Yu Dong Xu
The following contents are mainly model and data, and cointegration analysis, conclusion and enlightenment.
Employment population statistical data for 1995-2008 are derived from "Compilation of Statistic for The 60th Anniversary of The Foundation of New China"; GDP data are obtained through data conversion according to prices and price indexes for the very years.
In terms of CO2 data, currently there is no monitoring data of CO2 emissions in China, CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuel account for more than 90% of total CO2 emissions,in most literatures, such as Niu Haixia, Hu Jiayu(2011) and so on, CO2 data is converted from data of various energy consumption.
Then, total carbon emissions for each year is divided by GDP in 1995, carbon intensity data is obtained for each year.
FDI and Pollution: A Granger Causality Test Using Panel Data [J].
Employment population statistical data for 1995-2008 are derived from "Compilation of Statistic for The 60th Anniversary of The Foundation of New China"; GDP data are obtained through data conversion according to prices and price indexes for the very years.
In terms of CO2 data, currently there is no monitoring data of CO2 emissions in China, CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuel account for more than 90% of total CO2 emissions,in most literatures, such as Niu Haixia, Hu Jiayu(2011) and so on, CO2 data is converted from data of various energy consumption.
Then, total carbon emissions for each year is divided by GDP in 1995, carbon intensity data is obtained for each year.
FDI and Pollution: A Granger Causality Test Using Panel Data [J].
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Guang Bing Wan, Zhi Xiong Huang, Min Xian Shi, Kun Huang, Zhao Rui Chen
In order to weaken the dangers of vibration, vibration reduction technology has become a research hot spot[1-2].
Through the characteristics of the material to absorb or change the mechanical energy into heat energy or electricity, etc, to achieve the effect of damping vibration reduction; Active damping to reduce the vibration is an important branch of active control, with the cooperation of the sensing unit, driving unit and controlling unit, it exercise its restraints upon the vibration, then it realizes the role of vibration reduction.
The controller compare the collected data with a reference value, then calculate the new input values using the difference between the collected data and the reference value, it lets the system data to achieve or maintain the reference.
PID controller can adjust the input values based on historical data and the rates of difference, so that we can make the system more accurate and stable[7].
Through the characteristics of the material to absorb or change the mechanical energy into heat energy or electricity, etc, to achieve the effect of damping vibration reduction; Active damping to reduce the vibration is an important branch of active control, with the cooperation of the sensing unit, driving unit and controlling unit, it exercise its restraints upon the vibration, then it realizes the role of vibration reduction.
The controller compare the collected data with a reference value, then calculate the new input values using the difference between the collected data and the reference value, it lets the system data to achieve or maintain the reference.
PID controller can adjust the input values based on historical data and the rates of difference, so that we can make the system more accurate and stable[7].
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Zhi Bin Li, Qi Ben Li
The second level is to ascertain the location or cause of the fault by electric data.
There exist a lot of redundant data, so rough set theory is used for data reduction[6].
The DGA data and processed electrical data are shown in the following table.
Rough sets theory is used in reduction process the original DGA data, the input feature vector M={2,1,1,4,4,1,1,1}.
DGA data and electrical data are used to reflect transformer fault cause or location.
There exist a lot of redundant data, so rough set theory is used for data reduction[6].
The DGA data and processed electrical data are shown in the following table.
Rough sets theory is used in reduction process the original DGA data, the input feature vector M={2,1,1,4,4,1,1,1}.
DGA data and electrical data are used to reflect transformer fault cause or location.
Online since: November 2006
Authors: Jairo A. Escobar Gutiérrez, F. Campo
Ball mill is one of the more intensive used equipment for milling-blending operations and its
design is based, normally, on experimental data and some non-dimensional numbers for size
scaling [1,2].
This work develops a simple theoretical model regarding the phenomena occurring during the process, and the experimental data obtained confirm its applicability for ball mill design.
Hence, given that the Relevance relation between superficial tension and inertial forces goes by the inverse of gravity, and the frequency goes by the square root of the gravity, increasing gravity will result in shorter processing time for the same powders, a further reduction is accomplish by means of the reduction in powder agglomeration.
Size reduction of Solids: Crushing and Grinding Equipment.
Process Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling.
This work develops a simple theoretical model regarding the phenomena occurring during the process, and the experimental data obtained confirm its applicability for ball mill design.
Hence, given that the Relevance relation between superficial tension and inertial forces goes by the inverse of gravity, and the frequency goes by the square root of the gravity, increasing gravity will result in shorter processing time for the same powders, a further reduction is accomplish by means of the reduction in powder agglomeration.
Size reduction of Solids: Crushing and Grinding Equipment.
Process Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Alexsandra Cristina Chaves, Fernando A.P. Cunha, Jesana Moura Silva, L.L.M. Sales, C.M.S. Vieira, R.A. Candeia
The X-ray diffraction data were submitted to microstructural analysis by refinement by the Rietveld method, by means of MAUD (Materials Analysis Using Diffraction) [5].
Figures 3a and 3b show the adaption of the refinement data.
Figure 3a shows that the adaption of the points represent the result obtained from the X-ray device for the CeO2/ZnO sample calcined in ambient atmosphere at 900ºC, while the continuous line represents the data refinement.
The increase in the crystallite size leads directly to the reduction of the superficial area.
Results of the X-ray data refinement for the samples at 900ºC in the presence of Air and Oxygen.
Figures 3a and 3b show the adaption of the refinement data.
Figure 3a shows that the adaption of the points represent the result obtained from the X-ray device for the CeO2/ZnO sample calcined in ambient atmosphere at 900ºC, while the continuous line represents the data refinement.
The increase in the crystallite size leads directly to the reduction of the superficial area.
Results of the X-ray data refinement for the samples at 900ºC in the presence of Air and Oxygen.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Luísa Andréia Gachet-Barbosa, Mayara Afonso, Reginaldo Ferreira, Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro, Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires, Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz
A advantage of the use of sludge in construction is the decreased consumption of cement and aggregates reduction of environmental impact, considering that the extraction of materials such as sand and gravel.
Another advantage of the use of sludge in construction is the decreased consumption of cement and aggregates reduction of environmental impact, considering that the extraction of materials such as sand and gravel are difficult because of environmental degradation reparation [6].
The data obtained in testing bulk density, apparent density are shown in Table 1.
Generally the use of sludge is feasible construction, since the replacement of the sludge in amounts that are not promote reduction of mechanical strength.
Another advantage of the use of sludge in construction is the decreased consumption of cement and aggregates reduction of environmental impact, considering that the extraction of materials such as sand and gravel are difficult because of environmental degradation reparation [6].
The data obtained in testing bulk density, apparent density are shown in Table 1.
Generally the use of sludge is feasible construction, since the replacement of the sludge in amounts that are not promote reduction of mechanical strength.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Chong Qing Xu, Liang Sun, Gui Huan Yan, Dong Yan Guo, Yue Xia Lv, Qi Xiao
The results indicated that the optimal mass ratio of Fe and Cu was 4:1, the technology covered wider pH range: the wastewater responded well to the reduction when the influent pH changed from 4 to 8, the reaction times was 120 min.
Such data has been reported rarely in previous literatures and is very essential for evaluating the effects of inner electrolysis on the subsequent biological treatment.
Fig. 1 The results of the treatment by using standalone Fe, standalone Cu, and Fe/Cu system As reported in previous researches[11], organics removal of the wastewater was mainly due to the reduction of atomic hydrogen produced on the cathode surface as well as the coagulation of Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 formed by the corrosion product of iron: The atomic hydrogen produced can open the cyclic structure of organic compounds.
The results indicated that the optimal mass ratio of Fe and Cu was 4:1, this technology covered wider pH range: the wastewater responded well to the reduction when pH changed from 4 to 8, the reaction times was 120 min.
Such data has been reported rarely in previous literatures and is very essential for evaluating the effects of inner electrolysis on the subsequent biological treatment.
Fig. 1 The results of the treatment by using standalone Fe, standalone Cu, and Fe/Cu system As reported in previous researches[11], organics removal of the wastewater was mainly due to the reduction of atomic hydrogen produced on the cathode surface as well as the coagulation of Fe(OH)2 and Fe(OH)3 formed by the corrosion product of iron: The atomic hydrogen produced can open the cyclic structure of organic compounds.
The results indicated that the optimal mass ratio of Fe and Cu was 4:1, this technology covered wider pH range: the wastewater responded well to the reduction when pH changed from 4 to 8, the reaction times was 120 min.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yong Jie Yang, Qing Gui Cao, Jing Chen
According to the rule, the paper construct coal mine safety system dynamics causality diagram by using system dynamics theory from safety management angle, and made data quantitative analysis by non-linear regression, found out the function relationship that can reflect system elements dynamic change.
Coal mine safety system dynamics causality diagram Coal Mine System Dynamics Model Data Processing In the process of data quantitative, on the basis of predecessors study work, combined with the actual meaning of each state, Auxiliary quantity and constant variable, part of the data can be quantified by using the following expression formula from (1) to (17)
Application in Coal Mine Safety Management Take one coal mine as an example, the paper make macroscopic analysis using the model that have been established. 3.1 Data Collection and Processing The paper collected the original accident data in the coal mine during 2000-2011, shown in Table 1.
And made processing for the original data by using the quantitative calculation above, required the derived data that the model need, shown in Table 2.
Based on the data collected, It draw a scatter diagram as shown in Fig.2.
Coal mine safety system dynamics causality diagram Coal Mine System Dynamics Model Data Processing In the process of data quantitative, on the basis of predecessors study work, combined with the actual meaning of each state, Auxiliary quantity and constant variable, part of the data can be quantified by using the following expression formula from (1) to (17)
Application in Coal Mine Safety Management Take one coal mine as an example, the paper make macroscopic analysis using the model that have been established. 3.1 Data Collection and Processing The paper collected the original accident data in the coal mine during 2000-2011, shown in Table 1.
And made processing for the original data by using the quantitative calculation above, required the derived data that the model need, shown in Table 2.
Based on the data collected, It draw a scatter diagram as shown in Fig.2.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Robert J. Nemanich, John R. Smith, F.A.M. Koeck, J.M. Garguillo, Y.J. Tang, G.L. Bilbro
It is evident that the data can be fit with a range of
parameters.
The data-points are fitted to the Richardson and Schottky equation (line).
Concurrently, the data indicates a diminished threshold field to values considerably less than 1V/µm.
To determine the material properties, the data obtained at the lowest applied field was fit to the Richardson equation (Eq. 1).
In Figure 5 the data fit (dashed line) represents a local electric field of ~62 V/µm.
The data-points are fitted to the Richardson and Schottky equation (line).
Concurrently, the data indicates a diminished threshold field to values considerably less than 1V/µm.
To determine the material properties, the data obtained at the lowest applied field was fit to the Richardson equation (Eq. 1).
In Figure 5 the data fit (dashed line) represents a local electric field of ~62 V/µm.