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When reaching the specified depth, the die holds the position for a period of time to make material around the hole deformation intensively .Then the die moves backward, the UpSurface die-forming finishing.
Plastic deformation of the material occurs as the die presses the hole; when the die is withdrawn some elastic recovery takes place, leaving a permanent enlargement of the hole and the desired compressive residual stress.
Vol.4 (1779), p.609 [3] W.A.McNeill, A.W.Heston: Proceedings of the ASM Conference on Residual Stresses in Design ，Process and Materials Selection（1987）, p.27 [4] Xu S.K, QIAN X.H.: Automobile Maintenance.Vol.1 (2006), p.14 [5] Sun N., Shen.H.W. , and Mu E.S.: China Railway Science.Vol.1 (1997), p.43 [6] Pavier.M J: JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS.Vol.4 (1999), p.12 [7] Wang S.W., Nishida S., Hattri N., et al: Transactions of the Japan Society Mechanical Engineering Ser.
[8] Zhao H.R., Wang S.W., Wen A.L.: Computer Simulation.Vol.10 (2007), p.240 [9] Wang S.W., Wen A.L., Zhao H.R, et al: Key Engineering Materials.Vol.419-410 (2010), p.845 [10] Zhang D.Q.: Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis Parta Physical Testing.Vol.6 (2002), p.231 [11] Zhang D.Q., Xu K.W.
,and He J.W. : Materials Science and Engineering.

The received materials and the apostrophes in the present work are listed in Table 1.
Diebold: Surface Science Reports Vol.48 (2002), p.53-229
Nalwa, in: Handbook of thin film materials, edtied by H.
Zhang: International Conference on Surfaces, Coatings and Nanostructured Materials, Aveiro, PORTUGAL, 7-9th, September, 2005, Paper No.
Hirohashi: 5th International Forum on Advanced Material Science and Technology (IFAMST 5), Zhangjiajie, China, June 2006, P.30

In this paper,using ethanol as solvent, the MAE parameters such as extractant,microwave irradiation power, the ratio of solvents to materials, and extraction time were optimized by orthogonal experiment from castor leaves,with the yield of flavonoids(Y/%) as the index.
Then the results would be the theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the material.
The optimal processing conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration 40%,the ratio of solvents to materials 50 ml·g-1, microwave irradiation power 464W, and extraction 3 min , under the optimal conditions, the maximal yield of flavonoids was of 2.04%.
(in Chinese) [2] Q.G.Tan,studies on chemical constituents of four medicinal plants[D].Kunming:Kunming National Botanical Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2009.
(in Chinese) [4] H.Meng,G.L.Liu,X.Y.Zou,et al,Microwave-Assisted Extratrction of Flavonoids from Rhododendron dauricum L.J Journal of Analytical Science.2005,21(06):673-675.

These were the samples of raw materials with gold, depositions of integrated mining-and-concentration plants, as well as model compositions.
N.P.Jushkina, A.M.Ashabova, V.I.Rakina / Saint Petersburg: Science (2005), 581 p
Silyutin Thermoradioactive activation and formation of ordering structure in dispersed minerals during laser inference; Physics and chemistry of materials processing, Vol. 2 (2011), p. 23-26
Galtsov The study of laser agglomeration of ultra disperse and colloid-ionic gold: Perspective materials Vol. 1 / Saint Petersburg (2011), p. 144-148
Journal of Mining Science. 2011.

The porosity of the microcapsule wall determines the release behavior of core materials.
Experimental Materials Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) as the protective colloid was obtained from USA.
Melamine, urea and 37% formaldehyde as wall materials, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide anhydrous as pH controller, rose essence oil as core material were obtained from home market without any further purification.
Characterization Infrared spectra of core material and microcapsules were obtained with VECTOR33 Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (Germany).
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2001, 241,502-508 [3] Zhaohui Zhen.

Introduction With the development of aluminum alloy material and its forming technology, the quality especially the surface quality of ingots is become more and more important in technology.
Materials Science and Engineering A, 408 (2005), 176-181
Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic field on microstructures and macrosegregation of continuous casting 7075 aluminum alloy[J], Materials Science and Engineering A, 2003,355:325-330
Theoretical discussion of the effect of a low-frequency electromagnetic vibrating field on the as-cast microstructures of DC Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr ingots[J], Journal of Crystal Growth, 2006, 295:179-187
Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, 1999, 30 (1): 135-142

To study the impact response characteristics of multilayer structure, cantilever-type electrothermal actuators based on MEMS, a composite cantilever-beam model consisting of two layers of materials, SiO2 and Al, is built.
The structure model of actuator [4,5] (Fig.1) consists of two layers of materials: Al and SiO2.
Simulation and Analysis of Impact Response The Model Sizes and Material Parameters.
The material parameters are listed in the Table 2.
[3] XuWen Fang, JieYing Tang, QingAn Huang: Journal of Semiconductors, vol.26(2005), No.2, p. 379-384

Burbelko1,a, Edward Fraś 1,b , Wojciech Kapturkiewicz1,c and Daniel Gurgul1,d 1 AGH University of Science and Technology, 23 Reymonta Str., 30-065 Kraków, Poland a abur, bedras, ckaptur, ddg {@agh.edu.pl} Keywords: Cellular Automaton, Kinetic Undercooling, Remelting Abstract.
Introduction The structure of alloys formed during solidification affects the utilisation properties of both materials and ready products, as-cast, heat treated, or fabricated by plastic working.
The results presented here have been obtained on a grid of 501x801 cells for a material with the properties corresponding to the properties of a Fe-0.6 wt. % C alloy.
Chang: Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion Vol. 28 (1) (2007), p. 130 [5] A.
Gurgul: Computer Methods in Materials Science Vol. 7 (1) (2007) p. 182 [12] U.

The Ni-based superalloy GTD-111DS has been widely used as the material of the first stage blade of gas turbine.
Material and Experimental Procedure Chemical Composition.
Nategh, Material Science and Engineering, A307, pp.158-164, 2001
Zebarjad, Journal of Materials Processing Technology vol. 155-156, pp. 1900-1904, 2004

Introduction Several types of high strength materials have been extensively tested as reinforcements for the development of low weight-high strength materials based on aluminum and its alloys.
Also, we consolidated the nanocomposite powders through spark plasma sintering, a none-conventional sintering method for obtaining fully dense materials [14], and reported the hardness and wear behavior of the developed materials [15, 16].
Materials and Methods Prealloyed Al6061 and Al2124 powders used in this study were supplied by Aluminium Powder Co.
Liebert: Science, Vol. 277 (1997), p. 1971
Kirchner: Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2012, Article ID 983470