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Online since: March 2015
Authors: Jie Fu, Chao Du, Yang Zhang, Zi Xue Wang
Compared with the previous pictures, the oxidation and reduction peaks on the curves have a great change.
Compared with the previous figures, the oxidation and reduction peaks on the curves also have a great change.
Compared the curves, Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple shows a better peak potential difference than VO2+/VO2+ redox couple and its standard electrode potential is between hydrogen oxidation potential and oxygen reduction potential, so it can be easily oxidized after reduction.
However, VO2+/VO2+ redox couple’s standard electrode potential is higher than oxygen reduction potential, it’s hard to be oxidized.
Through the composition and concentration of catholyte, and the test data of redox potential and current were changed, we optimized the performance and reliability of hydrogen redox fuel cell.
Compared with the previous figures, the oxidation and reduction peaks on the curves also have a great change.
Compared the curves, Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple shows a better peak potential difference than VO2+/VO2+ redox couple and its standard electrode potential is between hydrogen oxidation potential and oxygen reduction potential, so it can be easily oxidized after reduction.
However, VO2+/VO2+ redox couple’s standard electrode potential is higher than oxygen reduction potential, it’s hard to be oxidized.
Through the composition and concentration of catholyte, and the test data of redox potential and current were changed, we optimized the performance and reliability of hydrogen redox fuel cell.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Wei Hong Liu, Xue Peng Li, Yan Bin Ren, Hong Cheng Pan
The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the presence of acanthite Ag2S on the surface of ZnS/ITO slides, which is consistent with the cyclic voltammetic data.
The cathodic peak C1 is in conjugation with the anodic peak A1 and could be attributed to the reduction of Ag2S to Ag:
The cathodic peak C2 and C3 may be related to the reduction of Ag2O2 and soluble SO42- to S2-.
During the first anodic potential scanning from -1.2 V to 1 V, two anodic peaks were observed, which could be attributed to the reduction of Ag2S to Ag and the formation of S.
The cathodic peak C1 is in conjugation with the anodic peak A1 and could be attributed to the reduction of Ag2S to Ag:
The cathodic peak C2 and C3 may be related to the reduction of Ag2O2 and soluble SO42- to S2-.
During the first anodic potential scanning from -1.2 V to 1 V, two anodic peaks were observed, which could be attributed to the reduction of Ag2S to Ag and the formation of S.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Bing Yan
These include stormwater management [1,2], improved water run-off quality [3], improved urban air quality [4], extension of roof life [5] and a reduction of the urban heat island effect [6].
The green roof, can increase the per capita amount of city green quantity rate, save land, improve the urban landscape, regulate the microclimate, improve air quality, and Relieve city heat island effect, extend building life, promote energy conservation and emission reduction,it have good aesthetic function, economic and social benefits, and good ecological benefits.
For example,in Tokyo law, it clearly prescribe that if the covering area of new buildings is more than 1000m2, the green roof ’s area must achieve 20%; Only when clearly decide the green roof’s area reached proportion, the building energy conservation and emission reduction can be significantly improved, and how green roof can reduce rainfall runoff features.
This paper discuss the funcation of green roof, which is how to improve ecological environment and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction,and gave some suggestions about how to do this.We also propose the estimate method for the cost of green roofs construction project and green roof’s economic value and ecological benefit, and puts forward related Suggestions.
Using the most recent data available for the service sector, it is possible to estimate the potential annual energy savings that retrofitting green roofs could provide.
The green roof, can increase the per capita amount of city green quantity rate, save land, improve the urban landscape, regulate the microclimate, improve air quality, and Relieve city heat island effect, extend building life, promote energy conservation and emission reduction,it have good aesthetic function, economic and social benefits, and good ecological benefits.
For example,in Tokyo law, it clearly prescribe that if the covering area of new buildings is more than 1000m2, the green roof ’s area must achieve 20%; Only when clearly decide the green roof’s area reached proportion, the building energy conservation and emission reduction can be significantly improved, and how green roof can reduce rainfall runoff features.
This paper discuss the funcation of green roof, which is how to improve ecological environment and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction,and gave some suggestions about how to do this.We also propose the estimate method for the cost of green roofs construction project and green roof’s economic value and ecological benefit, and puts forward related Suggestions.
Using the most recent data available for the service sector, it is possible to estimate the potential annual energy savings that retrofitting green roofs could provide.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Jin Lan Bai, Hong Zhi Pan
The results are basically consistent with the measured data, and it will be useful to thermal crown calculation and strip flatness control.
So the Bland-Ford model is used in this paper, the model is shown in eq.1 (1) where Where is the plastic zone rolling force, is elastic zone rolling force, and are entry and exit thickness of unit i, is strip width, is flattened radius, is tension influence coefficient, is friction coefficient; is average deformation resistance, is adaptive learning coefficient, and is reduction rate.
The distribution of tensile stress is shown in Fig. 5, the change of the tensile stress is sharp in the edge of strip, especially in stand 1, because the rolling reduction of stand 1 is bigger than other stands, the tensile stress deviation of strip edge is larger.
According to the comparison of calculated data and measured data, the maximum difference between the calculated rolling force and the measured rolling force is less than 10%, and the result of contact pressure between rolls and tensile stress are reasonable.
So the Bland-Ford model is used in this paper, the model is shown in eq.1 (1) where Where is the plastic zone rolling force, is elastic zone rolling force, and are entry and exit thickness of unit i, is strip width, is flattened radius, is tension influence coefficient, is friction coefficient; is average deformation resistance, is adaptive learning coefficient, and is reduction rate.
The distribution of tensile stress is shown in Fig. 5, the change of the tensile stress is sharp in the edge of strip, especially in stand 1, because the rolling reduction of stand 1 is bigger than other stands, the tensile stress deviation of strip edge is larger.
According to the comparison of calculated data and measured data, the maximum difference between the calculated rolling force and the measured rolling force is less than 10%, and the result of contact pressure between rolls and tensile stress are reasonable.
Online since: January 2009
Authors: Jerzy Jantos, Krzysztof Prażnowski, Jarosław Mamala
The most important benefit of
the projected solution is associated with reduction in fuel consumption resulting from the more
economical selection of the transmission ratio [4, 5, 7].
This information is the input data for the control algorithm, which decides on the control action taken.
The dedicated RTCON Toolbox software for MATLAB/Simulink environment form a system for real time measurement and control with a direct access to I/O channels compatible with data transfer of the MATLAB package.
Output characteristics of the position sensor The clutch gear for the control of the clutch consists of a servomotor supplied from a 12 volt DC motor, a clutch position sensor, a worm wheel, a spur gear reduction and a servomotor with a steering rack.
The further optimization of this algorithm can promote the reduction of fuel consumption, improvement of driving comfort and improvement in road safety.
This information is the input data for the control algorithm, which decides on the control action taken.
The dedicated RTCON Toolbox software for MATLAB/Simulink environment form a system for real time measurement and control with a direct access to I/O channels compatible with data transfer of the MATLAB package.
Output characteristics of the position sensor The clutch gear for the control of the clutch consists of a servomotor supplied from a 12 volt DC motor, a clutch position sensor, a worm wheel, a spur gear reduction and a servomotor with a steering rack.
The further optimization of this algorithm can promote the reduction of fuel consumption, improvement of driving comfort and improvement in road safety.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: A. Galeazzi, F. Pregno, Cristiana Delprete
Noise and vibration reduction is fundamental for
the comfort of the passengers.
Another design milestone is the weight reduction in order to decrease fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
The analysis of the experimental data allows the comparison of the two different excitation methods.
The experimental data were processed with Polymax modal estimation method, which is based on the Least squares frequency domain (LSFD) method [2].
It was necessary to set the model size to the value of 60 to apply the identification method to the FRFs obtained from the impact hammer excitation, while it was set to 40 to analyse the data deriving from the modal shaker excitation (see Fig. 8 and 9).
Another design milestone is the weight reduction in order to decrease fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.
The analysis of the experimental data allows the comparison of the two different excitation methods.
The experimental data were processed with Polymax modal estimation method, which is based on the Least squares frequency domain (LSFD) method [2].
It was necessary to set the model size to the value of 60 to apply the identification method to the FRFs obtained from the impact hammer excitation, while it was set to 40 to analyse the data deriving from the modal shaker excitation (see Fig. 8 and 9).
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Abdul Aziz Omar, Anisa Ur Rahmah, Thanabalan Murugesan, Sabtanti Harimurti
The experimental data were plotted against the pseudo zero-th, first and second order of kinetic.
Based on regression coefficient value, the data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic.
The table indicates that the present OTC degradation data fits well with pseudo first order kinetics with higher R2 values (0.947-0.995) with the calculated kobs was found to be equal with 0.181 min-1.
As shown by Fig. 3, after 10 min of irradiation, pH value was reduced nearly half of its initial value (pH = 3.8), which could be observed from reduction of OTC parent compound peak area.
Based on the regression coefficient, it was found that experimental data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic, with the calculated kobs of 0.181 min-1.
Based on regression coefficient value, the data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic.
The table indicates that the present OTC degradation data fits well with pseudo first order kinetics with higher R2 values (0.947-0.995) with the calculated kobs was found to be equal with 0.181 min-1.
As shown by Fig. 3, after 10 min of irradiation, pH value was reduced nearly half of its initial value (pH = 3.8), which could be observed from reduction of OTC parent compound peak area.
Based on the regression coefficient, it was found that experimental data was well fitted with the pseudo first order of kinetic, with the calculated kobs of 0.181 min-1.
Online since: September 2006
Authors: M. Belassel, J. Pineault, Eliane Bocher
For over 10 repeats the mean value was found to be constant and thus, the
analysis all subsequent data reported was performed accordingly.
Three peak position determination methods were applied to the simulated data for both "Standard" and "Wide" detector window widths.
Three peak position determination methods were applied to the data.
• The average residual stress is underestimated for the collected data using the standard detector for materials with high peak widths.
The simulated and experimental data were used to help understand the effects of truncated peaks on the repeatability and the level of measured residual stress.
Three peak position determination methods were applied to the simulated data for both "Standard" and "Wide" detector window widths.
Three peak position determination methods were applied to the data.
• The average residual stress is underestimated for the collected data using the standard detector for materials with high peak widths.
The simulated and experimental data were used to help understand the effects of truncated peaks on the repeatability and the level of measured residual stress.
Online since: November 2010
Authors: Angelo Mazzù
The prototype was also provided with a PC controlled inverter for the control of the speed and the acquisition of data, in particular the applied torque and the consumed energy; an end-of-stroke sensor was added for having a zero reference in the output data.
The acquired data were rolling speed, applied torque, instant of cycle start and energy consumption; these data were subsequently elaborated for obtaining the applied pressure during a whole cycle and the energy consumption rate.
The data are expressed as a function of the angular position φ of the cam.
Figure 10 compares the pressure obtained by the measured data with the theoretical curves, considering again the same bands of material behaviour.
An electric version of the machine, equipped with an electronic system for control and data acquisition, was realised for experimental work.
The acquired data were rolling speed, applied torque, instant of cycle start and energy consumption; these data were subsequently elaborated for obtaining the applied pressure during a whole cycle and the energy consumption rate.
The data are expressed as a function of the angular position φ of the cam.
Figure 10 compares the pressure obtained by the measured data with the theoretical curves, considering again the same bands of material behaviour.
An electric version of the machine, equipped with an electronic system for control and data acquisition, was realised for experimental work.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Valeria Corinaldesi
Satisfactory, if not excellent, results were obtained from the collected experimental data.
With respect to the reference mixture the use of the GRP filler instead of LP caused a significant reduction of strength (about -15%).
Also the additions of either SRA or RCA partially replacing light expanded clay caused a slight reduction of strength (around -5%).
Morever, the addition of the defoamer was strongly positive in terms of tensile strength increase (+20%) due to the consequent reduction of voids caused by the lower entrapped air.
Also the use of GRP powder instead of LP showed a positive effect on drying shrinkage (reduction of about -15%).
With respect to the reference mixture the use of the GRP filler instead of LP caused a significant reduction of strength (about -15%).
Also the additions of either SRA or RCA partially replacing light expanded clay caused a slight reduction of strength (around -5%).
Morever, the addition of the defoamer was strongly positive in terms of tensile strength increase (+20%) due to the consequent reduction of voids caused by the lower entrapped air.
Also the use of GRP powder instead of LP showed a positive effect on drying shrinkage (reduction of about -15%).