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Online since: April 2015
Authors: Tulus Ikhsan Nasution, Susilawati Susilawati, Fynnisa Zebua, Hamonangan Nainggolan, Irwana Nainggolan
The Si/Al ratio and the cation type, number and location are particularly influential in adsorption [4].
Test results in Tabel 1 show that the grain size influenced water and air absorptions of Pahae and Cikalong zeolite powders where the smaller the grain size of the zeolite absorption will be even greater.
The different result was appointed by Cikalong zeolite filter with the grain size of 60 meshes.
However, by reducing the grain size to 200 meshes, the saturation trend can be removed.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the grain size.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Fan Xiu Lu, Syed Jawid Askari
It is found that the average grain size was less than 20 nm with a surface roughness value as low as 28nm.
It can be seen from the micrograph that the average grain size of NCD film is less than 20nm.
Raman band around 1550 cm-1 can be attributed to sp 2-bonded carbon residing at the grain boundaries.
The NCD film thickness was approximately 2µm and its grain size was less than 20nm.
A high nucleation density was initially obtained from our previous work [6], which could provide very large number of contact points with the Ti substrate and certain kinds of chemical bonding for the NCD film and the Ti substrate.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jie Yang, Wu Yun Zhao, Fei Dai
The diameter of the seed-drille appliance and the hole type of the cell wheel and the number of the hole was calculated.
Introduction Sowing agronomic requirements for seed-drille appliance are: drilling, should meet certain sowing in the premise, seeding uniformity, stability, damage rate is small; Dibble should be to meet certain spacing, spacing of the premise, the number of seeds per hole accurate injury rate is small [1].
Therefore, when single grain Dibble shaped hole wheel speed, not more than 0.2 m / s, when the multi-grain Dibble no more than 0.3 m / s.
Single grain precision seeding, the nest hole diameter orbicularis type L and type of hole depth h should satisfy the empirical formula: (0.5-1)mm,(0.5-1)mm (3) According to the basic size of corn seeds, as shown in Table 1, combined with the above formula, nest eye shaped hole diameter 11mm, type hole depth 9mm.
Table 1 The basic dimension of seed name of crop seeds Seed size(mm) Long Width High Rice Wheat Millet Corn 7.4 5.2-6.1 2.16-2.44 7.49-9.1 3.2 2.6-2.9 1.5-1.71 7.47-7.9 2.3 2.4-2.9 1.28-1.41 4.86-5.3 Cell wheel type holes Cell Wheel increasing the number of wheel-shaped hole, the nest orbicularis line speed becomes low, the type of hole filling performance changed for the better, but the nest eye-shaped hole on the wheel increases will reduce the number of gap-shaped hole, then the impact on the accuracy of seed separation.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Andrzej Kiełbus, Jan Cwajna, Bartlomiej Dybowski, Robert Jarosz
Grain refinement and eutectics volume fraction also didn’t present correlation with pouring temperature.
The finest grains in the structure of both alloys were equiaxial.
The structure of tested alloys: a) the eutectics in the QE22 alloy, bright field; b) the eutectics in RZ5 alloy, bright field; c) the grain in the QE22 alloy, polarised light; d) the grain in the RZ5 alloy, polarised light.
The basic stereological grain parameters of both alloys a) b) c) d) Fig. 3.
The lower speed of heat removal in these areas increases the segregation of alloy elements into the remaining residual fluid time, thus increasing the number of eutectic areas.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: N.N. Malushin, Denis V. Valuev, Vasiliy L. Osetkovskiy, A. Serikbol, A.V. Valueva, A.I. Penkov
Nitrogen and aluminum alloying (0.68 and 1%, respectively) makes austenite grain smaller, that improves the resistance to cold cracks formation.
Changing phase composition of added metal can be assessed both in direct observation and according to implicit data (micro-hardness, austenite grain dimensions, carbide phase value).
The data of Fig. 2 show, that when slow cooling, recommended to prevent cold cracks development in added metal [2], rejected carbides increase in the number and austenite degrades.
Plasma surfacing as a method of wear resistant coating used to manufacture new elements and to repair the worn ones has a number of important advantages over the other ways of surfacing: high efficiency, high potential of added metal alloying, possibility to use various surfacing metals.
Reserved polarity plasma surfacing in the shielding and alloying atmosphere of nitrogen with current non-carrying filler flux cored wire is the most efficient one to resolve a number of technological problems in surfacing rotary bodies (rollers, forming rolls, rolls).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Li Ben Li, Guo Zhong Zang, Huan Huan Liu, Jing Xiao Cao, Yong Li
One common character for varistor ceramics is the existence of potential barrier at grain boundary and the semi-conductance of grains is necessary for the formation of barriers [8,11].
However further increase of Zn2SnO4 content leads to the disappearance smooth-faced grains.
With the increase of the insulated grain content, the effective grains which have contribution to varistor property are reduced.
It has been demonstrated that the nonlinear behaviour of SnO2-Zn2SnO4 composite ceramics is originated from grain boundary schottky barriers [15] and according to the model, the little current density through a varistor is: (2) where A is Richardson constant, kB is Boltzman constant, fB is barrier height, E the electrical field, and β is a constant determined by Eq. 3 (3) where n is the grain number per unit length, ω is the barrier width, e is the electron charge and εr is the relative permittivity.
The tand peak has also been found in ZnO, SnO2 varistors and it was attributed to deep levels (deep trap states) in the grain’s bulk adjacent to grain boundaries [17] [18].
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Cheng Hai Xu, Zhi Jun Zhang, Shi Wei Zhang
The grain enters the drying room by grain inlet, I_c and outlet, I_o that is on the top and bottom of drying room respectively.
The upper storage stage is connected with inlet for grain, and the bottom storage stage is connected with outlet for grain.
The pressure difference between the inside grain and drying room accelerate the humidity transfer from inside grain to drying room.
The grain outlet is also the gas outlet.
If the gas condition of the grain flowing process is the same, so the result of grain drying is the same.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Zhong Jun Wang, Guan Qiao Su, Jing Zhu
After annealing at 250oCfor 60min, the grains grow up gradually as the grains outside the shear zones, Fig. 1a) and b).
A large number of brittle intermetallics in interface will cause the cracking of the interface.
Interfacial shear bond strength will be significantly reduced, and under stress is very prone to fracture. 2.2 Effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure of AZ31 layer and Mg/Al interface At an annealing temperature of 200oC, deformation of the organization is still in the recovery stage, the internal dislocation of the sub-structure migrate to the grain boundaries gradually, the dislocation redistribute, mix, offset, the number of sub-grain grows slowly.
At the annealing temperature of 250oC, a significant recrystallization occured and grain in a relatively stable phase, In a large deformation low stacking fault energy magnesium alloy, due to the higher density of dislocation sub-boundaries, The misorientation between both sides subgrain was larger, grain boundary migration became large-angle grain boundary in the annealing processes, and the core of recrystallized grains is formed, the sub-grain itself is in matrix, large deformation formed by the polygon, without dislocations low energy region, Becoming effective core by the consumption of high energy region, and it is good for nucleation which more and more sub-grain was be formed.
At 300oC and 350oC, the grain growth is a process of grain boundary moving.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Jia Yan Ma, Wen Liang, Rong Dong Han, Yun Guan, Zhao Jun Deng
The quanta 400 SEM was used to observed the distribution, size, number of M/A islands.
In order to clearly show the number, size and distribution of M/A islands in test steels, samples were corroded using 1% lopsided sodium sulfite solution +4% lopsided picric acid alcohol solution, which can only make M/A islands morphology visible and thereby can avoid the grain boundaries interfering on the statistical result of M/A islands.
In sample 1#, lots of stip or irregular coarse M/A islands distribute on the grain boundary or intracrystalline of bainite ferrite.
A large number of thin film or irregular M/A islands evenly distribute on the grain boundary or intracrystalline.
A large number of precipitates about 30nm distribute on the dislocation line.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Dun Wen Zuo, Duo Sheng Li, Wen Zhuang Lu, Rong Fa Chen, Bing Kun Xiang, M. Wang
It shows that the grain of diamond is smooth, compact and clear crystal boundary.
It was obviously seen the morphology of the diamond film that crystal grain size is compact, clear and uniform.
As expect, the grain size and the growth rate are closely related to the CH4 concentration, namely, the grain size and the growth rate increased with increasing of CH4 concentration, thus, it was feasible to prepare different grain sizes diamond convex film in different CH4 concentration, which meets to different level demands.
Properties of polycrystalline columnar diamond are strongly influenced by its crystal orientation and grain size.
High quality diamond convex film will be a potential application for fabricating high Mach number missile domes.
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