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This result shows a good agreement with the results found by Said Mahraz et al., 2013 and Dousti et al., 2014 in their previous study [21, 22].
Similar trends of results were also being reported by Yaru et al., 2007 as well as Selvaraju & Marimuthu, 2013 [2, 23].
This is an agreement with Fares et al., (2014) which is state that the decrement of NBOs causes a reduction in glass polarizability and increment of the optical band gap [25].
In the recent works by Hajer et al., they found the similar trend of results [27].
El-Mallawany, A.

The experimentally obtained gradient in composition is compared with the predicted gradient, calculated from a kinetic model developed by Put et al. [10].
The indentation fracture toughness was calculated from the radial cracks originating from the corners of the HV10 indentations according to the formula of Anstis et al. [11].
Ti(C,N) content (vol %) El.
This calculation was performed, based on the equations derived by Suresh et al. [13] with the material data given in Table 5.

Popova2, E.L.
Intermetallic phases of Ti-Al system have high mechanical strength, hardness; wear and corrosion resistance [5–6].
It was calculated by the formula where contributions of strengthening from internal stresses (shear and moment stresses) are added quadratically, the other contributions are summed additively [13]: , (1) where Dsfr is friction stress of dislocations in crystal lattice of a-Ti; Dssol is strengthening of UFG-Ti solid solution with atoms of alloying elements (Al, С, О); DsF is strengthening of “forest” dislocations which are intersecting gliding dislocations (internal shear stresses); Δσl is strengthening with long-range stress fields, formed by excess dislocation density (internal moment stresses); DsOr is material strengthening with non-coherent particles when they are by-passed by dislocations according to Orowan mechanism; Dsg is strengthening due to grain boundaries.
Fizika 3 56-70 [14] Kurzina I A, Bozhko I A, Popova N A et al 2012 Conf.

At accelerators, 22Na is produced by irradiation of Al or Mg targets with suitable projectiles such as protons, deuterons, or α particles.
In this experiment, a stack of thin Al foils was irradiated with 68 MeV protons provided by a cyclotron.
The activated Al foils can be used as positron emitters directly, without the necessity of chemical treatment.
The beam brightness is defined as B = I d2+θ2EL (2) with particle intensity (particles per second) I, the beam diameter d+, and the divergence θ = p ET/EL with transverse and longitudinal components of the positron energy ET and EL, respectively.
Polarized Positron Beam: A setup providing a spin-polarized positron beam was developed by Maekawa et al.[43] and is shown in Fig. 12.

(Hamad & Dawi, 2017) (Güneyisi et al., 2012; Megat Johari et al., 2011) [1,2, 3].
(Babu et al., 2014; Dinakar et al., 2013, 2013) [5,6].
The lower self-weight of the structure with a better load-bearing capacity, sustainable long-term performance, increased stiffness, and reduced creep and shrinkage effects are all benefits of high-strength concrete (Rashiddadash et al., 2014) [7].
The use of mineral admixtures not only improves the properties of fresh concrete but also enhances its durability characteristics; it improves permeability, and resistance to aggressive fluids, and reduces the alkali-aggregate reaction (Amin & Abu El-Hassan, 2015) [15].
Cement and Concrete Composites, 61, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.04.013 [15] Amin, M., & Abu El-Hassan, K. (2015).

Storie, L.B., et al.
Clifton, G.C., et al.
Clifton, G.C., et al., Steel Building Damage from the Christchurch Earthquake Series of 2010/2011.
El Sarraf, Eccentric Cleats in Compression and Columns in Moment-Resisting Connections. 2009, New Zealand Heavy Engineering Research Association. p. 1-70
Paton-Cole, V.P., et al., Dynamic performance of a brick veneer house with steel framing.

ESA WorldCover (10 m resolution) provided ground-truth validation points, supporting accuracy assessment of recent classifications (Zanaga et al., 2021).
Kasim et al. [17] highlight that flood risk in Lagos is heavily facilitated by such encroachments, which require shifts towards reduced-size and robust urban developments.
Macarringue, É.L.
El Jaafari, A.
Al Karkouri, M.

Influence function methods (IFMs) were developed by Ren et al. 1987 [6] and are used extensively [5,7] to predict mining subsidence.
Al Heib, J.P.
El Shayeb: Paramètres d’affaissement pour la hiérarchisation des zones à risque dans le bassin ferrifère lorrain.

At suitable points, relevant comparisons are made with behavior of Al alloys.
In contrast, Al alloys can be cold rolled to thin gages in several passes.
Spigarelli S., El Mehtedi M., Evangelista E. and Kaneko J., Metal., Sci.
Humphreys F.J., Deformation of Polycrystals, Hansen N., et al., eds., RISO Natl.
Advances in Industrial Materials, Wilkinson D.S., et al., eds., Met.

Steels YS [MPa] UTS [MPa] El. [%] EIF1 145 294 51 EIF2 152 288 52 HIF1 204 371 37 HIF2 195 348 36 BH 202 318 40 Fig.2 Details of the fabrication of the spot-welded samples.
This observation is in agreement with the report of Yoshihiro et al. [9] who have reported that pre-strain has no effect on the microstructures of HAZ and fusion zone after weld heat-input.
In contrary to the present observation, Hirose and Kobayashi [10], and Krizan et al. [11] have reported increase in hardness values at the weldment after baking treatment of laser beam weld joints.
Similar type of TEM observations have been reported by Long et al. [13] showing dislocations at the edge of the weld nugget.
De et al. [14] have reported that in ULC bake hardening steels, once the formation of Cottrell atmosphere is completed, there is no further increase in strength beyond this.