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Scoring of the PET surface is eliminated and the workpiece (PET) feed rate can be higher with a consequent reduction in production costs.
Data have shown that the size of the gap between the electrode and workpiece directly influences the current flow and discharge of electrolyte dregs in the electrochemical process [11].
An effective precision recycling process is a very important development for the semiconductor industry to offset the obvious low yield and effect a reduction of material costs [12].
The reduction in surface thickness of the PET diaphragm after micro-electrochemical etching (μ-ECE) of the Indium-tin-oxide (In2O3SnO2) nanostructure was 20nm.
This development will allow defective products to be reclaimed and returned to the production line with subsequent reduction of costs in the optoelectronic semiconductor industry.

Results showed a significant reduction of colony-forming units on coated polymeric surfaces.
Its bactericidal activity was evaluated by in vitro essays against several pathogens, showing an outstanding reduction of bacterial load.
The results of the bacterial load tests are shown in Table 1; data represents the geometric mean of triplicate values.
CFU reduction of bacterial colonies on coated 3D simples.
Microorganism Exposition time Sample CFU Reduction (%) Candida spp 24 hours Control 395.8 CuTn-Ti-10% 27.7 93.0 CuTn-Ti-4% 181.8 54.1 CuTn-Y-10% 60.9 84.6 CuTn-Y-4% 102.6 74.1 Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) 10 minutes Control 204.6 CuTn-Ti-10% 193.7 5.3 CuTn-Ti-4% 169.1 17.4 CuTn-Y-10% 166.9 18.4 CuTn-Y-4% 177.4 13.3 Stapylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) 10 minutes Control 384.5 CuTn-Ti-10% 331.5 13.8 CuTn-Ti-4% 324.3 15.7 CuTn-Y-10% 218.4 43.2 CuTn-Y-4% 202.2 47.4 Kirby Bauer Tests Kirby Bauer susceptibility tests revealed an inhibition of growth for all bacteria tested when exposed to copper tannates (CuTn) (Table 2).

It showed the presence of oxidation peaks at 0.271V and 0.623V and reduction peaks at 0.832 and 0.493V.
Fig 3(2)(a) shows a well-defined pair of oxidation peaks at 271 and 623mV and a pair of reduction peaks at 832 and 493mV.
Fig 3(2)(b) shows two oxidation peaks at 319 and 618 and reduction peaks at 102 and 451mV.
Fig 3(2)(c) shows only one broad oxidation peak at 384mV and two reduction peaks at 146 and 415mV.
Based on the Cottrell equation, the analysis of chronocoulometry data shows the charge-time dependence for linear diffusion control [11].

Preliminary validation of the model results using experimental data from literature shows a close relationship.
The characteristic properties form part of the data necessary for modeling the steam gasification phenomena.
Component Composition Mol flow/mol of dry wood Mole (%)/mol of dry producer gas Experimental yield* Mole (%)/mol of producer gas H2 CO CH4 CO2 1.0935 52.23 48.88 0.3645 17.41 22.7 0.1980 9.46 6.22 0.4375 20.90 22.2 H2O 0.4335 *Data taken from Karmakar and Datta [18] The comparison of the model results with experimental data shows comparable gas composition.
The producer gas composition obtained in this study is similar to the literature data published on downdraft gasifiers.
Sharma: Equilibrium modeling of global reduction reactions for a downdraft (biomass) gasifier, Energy Conversion and Management Vol. 49 (2008), p. 832 – 842

The reduction in frictional force brought about by lubrication leads to decrease in cutting force and ultimately reduction in manufacturing cost [5] Cutting fluids have been used to deal with the problem of high heat generation and reduction of frictional force during machining operations.
Thus, 36 data points were taken for the four experimental fluids.
The experimental run for each data point was done twice and the mean of the resulting two values of each of the measured variables (cutting zone temperature and power consumed in cutting) was obtained.
Incidentally, all the four cutting fluids used in this study gave their lowest cutting zone temperatures and power consumptions at the same data point of 34 m/min cutting speed, 1.0 mm depth of cut, 0.08 mm/rev feed rate and 200 ml/min fluid flow rate.
At the best machining data point, maize-starch based cutting fluid showed reduced cutting zone temperatures and power consumed during cutting compared to the conventional cutting fluids used for the study.

Due to special algorithms of averaging within multigrid approach, reduction of the problem is provided. 1.
Therefore corresponding multilevel approach is peculiarly relevant and apparently preferable in all aspects for qualitative and quantitative analysis of calculation data.
Reduction of the problem.

Finally comparison of thickness strain distribution of a perfect product sample shows a reasonable agreement between numerical and experimental data.
The similar process of cold rolling with the thickness reduction of 5% and heat treatment were performed on the single sheets likewise for the clad sheet.
Selection of designed tool path has significant impact on quality of the final products, reduction of earring phenomenon and cracked surfaces and so on.
Therefore, maximum amount of thickness reduction take place in this region, whereas, thickness at the cup wall grows from region 2 toward region 3.
Fig. 8.Comparison of thickness strain distribution between numerical and experimental faultless product with S.R of 2.5 Finally, regarding Fig .8, the comparison of the thickness strain distribution of faultless sample shows a close agreement between experimental and the relevant numerical data.

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-Al-Nb-Zr-Mo-Cr titanium alloy has been investigated using a Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation test machine in the temperature range of 855℃~1015℃,at constant strain rate from 0.01 s-1 to 10s-1 and with height reduction of 45%.
The specimens were reheated to the target temperature, holding for 5 min and then deformed at the selected temperature with a constant strain rate to a height reduction.
The processing map of Ti-Al-Nb-Mo-Zr-Cr alloy shown in Fig.7 has been established with the method suggested by ref. [9], which is constructed at deformation temperatures ranging from 855℃to 1015℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001s-1 to 10s-1 with height reduction of 45%.
Based on the analysis of flow stress data, constitutive equation has been developed for Ti-Al-Nb-Mo-Zr-Cr alloy in this work.
(2) According to the data of the hot compression tests, the values of activation energy Q of alloy is calculated to be 541kJ/mol in α+β field, and 243 kJ/mol in β field

Exposure to NiO nanoparticles led to significant reductions of cell viability between 20 and 60% relative to controls.
Data analysis.
Data were analyzed by statistically, using the Origin7.5 software package, ANOVA and means were compared by the Tukey’s test at the 0.05 level of confidence.
Exposure to NiO nanoparticles led to significant reductions of cell viability between 20 and 60% relative to controls, but the pattern of impact varied depending on exposure concentration and time (Fig.2).
Exposure to NiO nanoparticles led to significant reductions of cell viability between 20 and 60% relative to controls.

The ferritic material was cold-rolled at a reduction of 80% to give the same dislocation density as of the martensitic material.
In addition, the ferritic material was cold-rolled by 80% reduction after the solution treatment.
The data obtained by EBSP method was analyzed with the TSL Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) system.
This indicates that crystal-rotations have locally occurred during the deformation, and this forms a large ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The data of the measured points with little reliance (Confidence Index < 0.05) were removed before making the misorientation profiles, because there was possibility that the analyses of those points had been failed.
The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The ferritic material deformed by 80% reduction contains a large number of geometrically necessary boundaries with large misorientations, while the martensitic material does only original grain boundaries.