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Shrinkage porosity is one of the major issues which affects mechanical properties such as strength and elongation in tilted pour permanent mold.
Shrinkage porosity is one of the major issues which affects mechanical properties such as strength and elongation in tilted pour permanent mold [2].
Gunasegaram at el. [3] have studied the factors that affect shrinkage porosity in permanent mold casting in commercial mass production.
Also, microstructure size and uniformity affect heat treatment times which adds production costs [4].

Temperature Evolution in High Frequency Mechanical Loading Zill-e-Hasnain Minhas1, a, Dr.
Coupling between thermal and mechanical effects are called thermo-mechanical behavior.
A direct derivation of Heinz’s energy equation can be made by using strain rate as the deriving factor [1].
Fatigue damage evolution at higher frequencies can be de affected with viscous heat dissipation.
Chen: Temperature effect induced by uniaxial tensile loading, Journal of material Science 26 (1991) 5685-5692 [3] A.Chrysochoos, A.Blanche,B.Berthel,B.Wattrise: Energy balance properties of steels subjected to high cycle fatigue, T.

Reliability and behaviour of composite columns is influenced by many factors.
To obtain at an appropriate design model for these types of structures, two key factors are usually considered.
Nevertheless, they do not give information on the real safety margin or the impact of various design factors on the structure's reliability.
The properties of the materials used in this study were selected on the basis of previous work [3, 4, 28].
Rao, Time-dependent reliability of corroded circular steel tube structures: Characterization of statistical models for material properties, Structures. 33 (2021) 792–803

Tube bending is a complex process with multi-factor coupling effect and multiple defects occurring.
Furthermore, table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the 6061-T4 Al-alloy tube, which is obtained using the uniaxial tension test and the tensile rate is 20mm/min.
Pressure die Clamp die Tube Wiper die Bend die Mandrel balls Mandrel Fig 1 Half FE model for tube bending Table 1 Mechanical properties of 6061-T4 Al-alloy tube Elastic modulus E (GPa) 58.7 Elongation δ (％) 25.7 Yield strength σ0.2 (MPa) 164 Tensile strength σb (MPa) 277 Strength factor k (MPa) 527.6 Hardening exponent n 0.278 Normal anisotropy coefficient r 0.767 By comparing the results of FE simulation and experiments, reliability and accuracy of the FE model is validated, as shown in figure 2, The bending condition for the simulation and the experiment are same, shown as follows: the tube material is 6061-T4 Al-alloy, the bending radius R is 101.6mm, the bending angle is 90, the bending velocity v is 2, the mandrel extension length em is 5mm, and the coefficient of boost velocity vp is 100%.
It can be found that ,,,,and R affect the wall thinning significantly, while the others have little effect on the wall thinning.
Conclusions The orthogonal test is conducted to study the significance of bending parameters on the wall thinning and the following conclusions are obtained: 1) the maximum wall thinning degree decreases almost linearly with increasing of the bending radius. 2) ,,,, and are also significant factors for wall thinning in tube bending, while not as great as R.

The results of structural investigations, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance testing of materials produced by the electron beam cladding of tantalum and niobium powders on cp-titanium substrates are presented in this paper.
Nb decreased the corrosion rate by factor of 96.
The aim of the research was to study structure and properties of “Ti-Ta-Nb” coatings cladded using the electron beam treatment.
Estimation of mechanical properties of cladded layers were carried out by means of microhardness testing.
These films have the better protective properties in relation to TiO2 ordinary forming on titanium surfaces.

The viscoelastic properties of geologic body can be represented using Kelvin medium.
These influence factors are usually called as attenuation action of imperfectly elastic media.
Stress waveforms are analyzed using mechanical parameters of medium.
Waveform tends to stability because of the affect of mechanical properties of medium and pulse duration.
Thus properties of frequency spectrum of pulse changed.

Sugin Elankavi4,d 1,3,4Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India agobivel@gmail.com*, bvijaysekarks@ssn.edu.in, cg_prabha2006@yahoo.com, dsuginelankavir@gmail.com Keywords: Inconel 718, Machining forces, Surface roughness, Chip morphology and Tool wear Abstract.
Inconel 718 is a nickel-based super alloy well suited for high-temperature applications encountered in space shuttles, aircraft black box and turbocharger due to their inherent properties.
Taking into account of extreme working conditions, efficiency in the process of machining without affecting the nature of the surface integrity with utmost care assumes a lot of importance.
Tanak et al., [2] conducted high-speed machining of Inconel 718 with PCBN cutting tool and discussed wear factors like crater wear, adhesion and thermal load due to high cutting temperature while machining.
So, the most significant parameter that affects the surface roughness was feed rate.

However, as the ambient temperature to which this material is subjected continues to increase, the evaluation of the high-temperature mechanical properties is faced with higher requirements [12,13].
Therefore, high-temperature tensile mechanical properties testing methods for this type of composite material needs to be determined.
The determination of holding time The holding time is a key parameter affecting the accuracy of the test, usually the principle to determine the holding time is to reach the thermal equilibrium between the internal and external of the specimen in the thickness direction.
Test method for mechanical properties of fiber reinforced plastics at high and low temperature: GB /T 9979-2005 [12] Experimental study on high temperature tensile and compression properties of domestic CC F300/ double Ma resin laminates [13] ZHAO Hongzhen, QI Xuanhua.
Mechanical properties of pultruded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates at elevated temperatures [J].

In practice, a crack presence modifies the mechanical behavior of structures, or elements, and affects their integrity.
In this case, the mechanical behavior of wood is strongly influenced by the moisture content and the fracture process evaluation encounters another problem related with the variability of the material properties in term of climatic conditions [5].
the crack relative displacement intensity factor can be determined without an explicit knowledge of the material elastic properties.
By imposing a loading under force control the numerical evaluation of stress intensity factor can be realized using an arbitrary orthotropic constitutive law with the arbitrary elastic properties.
Takashi, Automatic Evaluation of mixed-mode stress intensity factors utilizing digital image correlation.

Protein expression of growth factors involved in fracture healing and osteoporosis were investigated in ovariectomised (OVX) rat fracture model using histological and immunohistochemical analysis.
Fracture healing is a complex biological cascade regulated by many systemic and local factors including growth and differentiation factors, hormones, cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM) components.
The relationship of MMP/TIMP with other growth factors and their role in osteoporotic fracture healing has not been well documented.
It may also partly explain the weaker mechanical properties reported in osteoporotic fractures [2-4].
Down-regulation of IGF-I, following estrogen deficiency may partly account for the delayed healing and the associated changes in ECM composition and inferior mechanical properties seen in osteoporotic fractures.