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Introduction Recently, various novel carbonous materials, such as fullerenes [1, 2], carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) [3], carbon nano-horns (CNHs) [4], graphene sheets [5], etc., have been developed.
Experimental Materials and method: The carbon nano-particles solution (suspension) was produced by direct current (DC) electrolysis using synthetic-graphite plates (Toho Carbon, Co., Ltd.) as the anode and SUS plates as cathodes in purified RO water at ambient temperature in SUS electrolytic cells.
Journal of Crystal Growth 50 (3) (1980) 675
Amari, Effect of a Surface Treatment of Carbon Black Particles on Flocculated Structure in Their Disperse Systems, Shikizai (Journal of Japan Society of Colour Materials), 70(9), (1997) 584-590.
Muhamad, Preparation and Applications of Hydrophilic Nano-Carbon Particles, Advanced Materials Research, 832 (2014) 767-772.

The acid sludge is thereby recycled to become useful material and environmental pollution is reduced.
Experimental Part Instruments, Reagents and Raw Materials.(1)Instruments:an SX2-4-10 type high-temperature resistance furnace, an AY120 type electronic balance, a 722 type spectrophotometer, a UV755B type ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, a 101A-1 type drying oven, a YQ-Z-48B type whiteness analyzer.(2)Reagents:calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, which are both chemically pure.(3)Raw materials:the acid sludge generated in sulfuric acid preparation from lubricant oil products is black, viscous, odorous and soluble in water.
The high content of SO42- also shows the feasibility of preparing industrial calcium sulfate product by taking acid sludge as raw material.
Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol.12(2009),p.1753-1760 [4] Fernandez JM, SenesiN, Plaza C.
Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(in Chinese),Vol.27(2005),p. 658-660

The superfine aluminum hydroxide made from coal gangue could be used as flame retardant of high molecular materials such as plastics, synthetic resin, polymer and synthetic rubber; or as filling material of artificial marble, agate, toothpaste; used for production chemical products such as aluminum sulfate, alum, aluminum fluoride, aluminum chloride hydrate, sodium aluminate; and for production of stomach acid resistant drugs.
Take the weight fraction of below 0.01mm particles in the sample as the pulverization ratio. 2.2 Leaching of Alumina from Activated Coal Gangue Self- pulverization Material Add 100g coal gangue self-pulverization material into the reactor, and extract the alumina component from it by the form of NaAlO2 after intensive mixing according to the designed Na2CO3 concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time and material water ratio.
Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Sep. 2002
Journal of Kunming Institute of Technology, 1997,　22(1): 22-24
Master’s degree paper of Southwest University of Science and Technology, June, 2003, Mianyang, Sichuan.

In addition, you can optimize material flow, resource utilization and logistics for all levels of plant planning from global production facilities, through local plants, to specific lines. 3 Problem description Facility layout problem is a typical quadratic assignment problem.Put n facilities into n positions,each position can put only one facility,then there are n!
results at all.It is known that the amount of material handling between each two facilities is Wij,and the distance between each two positions is Dij.The problem is how to place these facilities can let the amount of material handling be minimum, namely, . 4 The analysis of examples A computer manufacturing company need 8 departments（D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8）to complete production process.There are 8 positions（A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H）in the company to place these departments.The amount of material handling between each two departments is given by the table 1,and the distance between each two positions is given by the table 2.How to place these departments can let the amount of material handling be minimum?
Table 1 The amount of material handling between each two departments D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D1 92 88 37 43 68 74 55 D2 40 56 55 70 58 98 D3 70 28 36 80 36 D4 64 88 82 38 D5 28 46 62 D6 26 55 D7 80 D8 Table 2 The distance between each two positions A B C D E F G H A 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 B 3 3 5 4 5 6 C 3 4 4 5 5 D 2 3 4 5 E 2 3 4 F 3 4 G 3 H 5 The modeling and simulation Use the combination of a Buffer and a SingleProc to represent one department,then the department D1 can be represent as figure 1.Use a TableFile to record department discharge order.We suppose that row 1 to row 8 represent A to H,then from figure 2 we can see D1 to D8 was placed into A to H respectively.Use a Source to generate MU which represent the material handling between each two department.So that we can establish a simulation model to calculate the total amount of material handling.
In this model,we use GASequence module and GAwizard module to solve the problem.From figure 3 and figure 4 we can see the best solution is (6,3,4,1,2,7,8,5) and the amount of material handling is 6140.
References [1] YU Jun, FAN Liuqun, MA Yumin:Research on Pulling Production Simulation Based on eM-Plant，Computer Simulation [2]Peng Wangming, Zhang Xiaochuan:Application of Em-plant in Simulation to Material Flow Operation, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science &Engineering) [3]Wang Yiqiong, Mi Zhiwei:The application combined with SLP and genetic algorithm in workshop equipment layout, computer engineering and applications [4]YAO Haifeng, FENG Xunsheng, GUO Ding-jun:Simulation Study on Balancing Technology of Automobile Spare Parts Production Line Using eM -plant,Logistics Technology [5]Wei Qiyong, Xu Kelin, Jiang Bo:Research on Decision Model of Buffer Area Used by the Manufacturer of Automotive Parts,Diesel Engine

Research shows that the performance and abrasion mechanism of valve seat with different forming and surface treatment is different [4-5], therefore, the material and forming technology of valve seat is very important to it’s use effect and life.
Eutectic carbide fracture process as follows: in forging process, materials tensile deformation first, also make biggest deformation of the eutectic carbide near the flow direction under tensile stress, large eutectic carbide broken into small carbide, and was wrapped under the plastic flow and arranged along the metal flow direction, improved the continuity of matrix and enhanced toughness greatly.
Table 1 Hardness and strength of valve seat alloy states tensile strengthσb/Mpa elongation percentageδ/% hardness/HRC forging 1063.8 25.9 58.1 Strength value of forging iron had relatively substantially improve than that of the centrifugal casting [8]high chromium cast iron, this may be due to the two kinds of stress state condition is different in sample internal. there are certain stress in the centrifugal casting [8] high chromium cast iron, promoted the crackle generation, however forging iron in forging process, carbide broken, reduce the stress concentration, the fine cracks reduce, thereby improving the strength of materials.
Vol.14, (2006), p. 355 [4] S.Selvi,S.P.Sankaran and R.Srivatsavan: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.Vol. 207 (2008), p. 356 [5] K.J.Chun, J.
Lin, X.Y.Zheng: Hot Working Technology .Vol. 36 (2007), p. 46 (In Chinese) [7] X.H.Zhi, J.D.Xing, Y.M.Gao, H.G.Fu, J.Y.Peng and B.Xiao:Materials Science and Engineering: A.

., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany 2Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, Helmholtzstraße 7, 01069 Dresden, Germany arichter-emanuel@ipfdd.de, bspickenheuer@ipfdd.de, cgheinrich@ipfdd.de Keywords: curvilinear fibre design, variable-axial, topology optimization Abstract.
Furthermore, the material can be adapted more efficiently to given load conditions.
Different strategies based on topology and material optimization have been investigated at the IPF [1].
Using this embroidery based process fibres can be placed and fixed in arbitrary angles on an in-plane moved base material.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, Volume 17: 774-786, 1998

The chemical composition of the base materials and the filler materials [wt%].
In every cases 1.2 mm diameter filler materials were used.
The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 33, No. 1B, April 2008, pp. 237-247
Current Japanese materials research – Vol. 2.
Eds.: Tanaka, T., Nishijima, S., Ichikawa, M., Elsevier Applied Science and The Society of Materials Science, Japan, 1987. pp. 59-69.

Velocity Measurement of EHD Flow Produced by Pin-Multi Concentric Ring electrodes Generator Sumariyah1,a, Kusminarto2,b, Arief Hermanto2,c and Pekik Nuswantoro2,d 1Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia asumariyah@undip.ac.id, bkusmin@ugm.ac.id, carief_hermanto@ugm.ac.id, dpekik@ugm.ac.id Keywords: EHD flow, generator, corona discharge, multi concentric ring, electrodes, velocity Abstract.
Lai, A prototype of EHD-enhanced drying system, Journal of Electrostatics 68 (2010) 101-104
Dunn-Rankin, Numerical simulation of a tubular ion-driven wind generator, Journal of Electrostatics 65 (2007) 646–654
Weinbergb, F.Carleton, Maximizing ion-driven gas flows, Journal of Electrostatics 64 (2006) 368–376
Dunn-Rankin, Numerical simulation of a tubular ion-driven wind generator, Journal of Electrostatics 65 (2007) 646–654

Research on CFD of Fluidization of Biomass Waste Fast Pyrolysis Reactor Rui Li a, Liangjing Jingb and Mingming Hec College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forest University, Beijing 100083, China aboxlr@126.com, bliangjing777@163.com Keywords: Pyrolysis; Fluidization; Simulation; Reactor.
It can make rich forest biomass resources into high efficiency clean fuel or related chemical materials, for the high production of pyrolysis liquid about 60%~70%.
Bridgwater. in: Chemical Engineering Science.
Lim. in: The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering Science.

Introduction MRF is a new type of smart fluid material with a good development prospects and valued in engineering, It is a stable suspension liquid formed by easily magnetized particles (micro-nanoscale) dispersion in the basic carrier liquid[1].
The rheological properties of magnetorheological fluid can changed rapidly in milliseconds with the role of an external magnetic field, the free flow liquid will change into the solid-like material through increasing the external magnetic field.
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,1993,122(1-3):395-398
[J] journal of Wuhan university of science and technology,2005(3)27-29 [5] ..ZHANGsihai et al..Reseach the flow control of magnetorheological valve of pulse modulation (PWM) control [J].
Researching digital variable pump based on the high speed switch valve.[ Master's degree thesis].Kunming, Kungming university of science and technology.2011