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Other surface technology factors, including surface topology and near-surface cold-worked layer are becoming recognised as other critical factors that can influence the propensity for crack initiation [7].
In reality, the microstructure and properties of welds are complex, varying markedly over small distances.
Regions including weld metal, coarse and fine-grained heat affected zone, as well at the adjacent 'strain affected zone' all exhibit differing material properties.
R P Skelton, I W Goodall, G A Webster and M W Spindler, "Factors affecting reheat cracking in the HAZ of austenitic steel weldments", Int.
J F Knott and C A English, "Views of TAGSI on the principles underlying the assessment of the mechanical properties of irradiated ferritic steel Reactor Pressure Vessels", Int.

DeFu Liu et al. [5] stated that the composite laminates such as CFRP, GFRP and fiber metal composite laminates were all applied in many fields like aerospace and aircraft structural components due to their superior properties.
Velayudham, and Krishnamurthy [9] stated that polymeric composites are widely used for structural components due to their inherent properties; however; the delamination is the most serious damage while creating holes.
They found that the feed rate and the drill diameter are the most significant factors affecting the thrust force, while the feed rate and spindle speed contribute the most for surface roughness.
Further, they concluded that the feed rate and drill diameter were the major factors influencing the thrust force in drilling GFRP composites.
Further, it was reported that among the several parameters that affect the delamination factor, thrust force and torque in drilling GFRP composites, the various process parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, drill bit geometry, drill bit material and properties of work material are among the most important ones that are worth investigating.

Analysis of the contrast tests on the property of three test pieces of fabric-reinforced FQQB and observation of the development of slab crack, as well as the analysis of the mechanical mechanism lying in the improvement in crack resistance property of FQQB by fabric.
Conclusion Compared test specimen B.2 and B.3 with B.1, conclusions can be drawn as follows: Firstly, fabric-reinforced FQQB possesses fine moment resistance properties ranging from the stage of loading, to the session with cracks, to yield stage; Secondly, fabric-reinforced FQQB can bear the load over 1.5 times than that of fabric-removed FQQB, and the cracks width and numbers were greatly declined when the plate was damaged.
It can be seen that adding fabrics can not only improve plate's moment resistance capability, but strength the anti-cracking ability in FQQB joint points and reduce the possibilities of cracks occurrence as well; Thirdly, from the testing process analysis of these test specimens and other references, we can draw the conclusion that ,apart from the concrete thickness of the plate's upper and lower layers, concrete's anti-tensile capability, the main factors affecting the cracking load of fabric-reinforced FQQB also include the mechanical properties of fabric, fiber cloth pasted area, thickness, elastic modulus, etc.; while the wire of both upper and lower layers exerts little effects on plate's cracking load due to the relatively small stress occurred when cracking; Forth, the test process also reflects stress hysteresis effect generated by fabrics’ flexible character, which should be given full consideration when we analysis the loading capability.
Insulation Properties and Applications of CS sandwich Panels.
Pre-stressed Concrete Sandwich Panels Bending Properties of Test.

Using 3D printer, we are able to model samples with varied structures and mechanical properties by setting of a printer [4-6].
These parameters affect the surface finish and, therefore, not only mechanical properties, but also tribological behavior of the parts.
Goals and Methods Strength of specimen made using 3D printing is justified by three factors: material we use for printing, filling and orientation of layers [7-9].
Masaylo, Orlov, Microstructure And Mechanical Properties of Additive Manufactured Copper Alloy, Materials Letters, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc., 2016, pp. 38-41
Sidorova, Mechanical Properties And Structure of Deposited Wear-Resistant Metal, Metal Science And Heat Treatment, 1994, pp. 421-425

The forming of molten pool is directly related to the shape of welding seam, penetration level, joint microstructure and properties and distribution of stress.
The variation of thermal physical properties with temperature changing between 20~3000℃ can be calculated through temperature function as coefficient of heat conductivity, specific heat, density ,and heat transfer coefficient[5,6].
Meanwhile, the thermal physical properties are interpolated in the unknown temperature range.
Welding temperature field of different welding speed is calculated, different welding speed affect to molten pool temperature field is analyzed, which is basis for further analysis to welding pool dynamic behavior and weld seam shape factors of twin arc high-speed submerged welding.
[5] Q.G.Meng, H.Y.Fang, W.L.Xu, et al: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.41-4 (2005) P.110~113

In this case, layers are cut simultaneously which induce brutal mechanical load variation.
However, delamination associated with the drilling Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) may often be the limiting factor in the use of composite materials for structural applications in automobile and aerospace industries.
The present review article addressed the factors, affecting the feed force or the torque and the delamination mechanisms, such as: cutting parameters (f and Vc), the drill’s geometry and the different stages of the composite fiber orientation.
This signal is periodic for one drill revolution by taking p the periodicity factor.
Rech: Characterisation of friction properties between a laminated carbon fibers reinforced polymer and a monocrystalline diamond under dry or lubricated conditions: Tribology international, Vol. 43-9 (2010), p. 1665-1673

Larger sized β phase grains can easily be formed under different conditions such as insufficient deformation or slow cooling rate during the forging process, which may affect the mechanical properties of TC18 bars.
The above phenomenon can be affected by different factors such as insufficient deformation amount or slow cooling rate during forging process.
It is commonly supposed that the differences in physical strength between center layer and surface layer of large sized TC18 bars are caused by different ap (primary a phase) microstructures, that is to say lamellar ap at center layer has lower mechanical properties than globular ap at surface layer.
Therefore the microstructure and texture of β phase have direct impact on the mechanical properties of TC18 bar.
Large sized β grains with mostly unstable <100> orientation (smaller orientation factor) at center layer of forged TC18 bars induce lower physical strength [1].Studies [2-5] have shown that the greater sized β matrix grains can easily result in more obvious variants selection of α phase, which further incline to form disqualified microstructure such as macro zone.

The grey relational analysis of different semi-rigid pavement structure models fatigue properties are done based on the grey system theory to gain the key influence parameter on semi-rigid pavement structure fatigue performance.
Therefore, the influence of pavement structure parameters on the fatigue resistance properties of semi-rigid pavement structure is researched to provide the reference for the pavement structure design of improving semi-rigid base asphalt pavement fatigue performance for target.
D Calculating the gray relational degree The calculating formula of gray relational degree is Where: is the relational degree of curve and curve, sequence of relational degree which describe about the factors affecting the results.
The fatigue properties of pavement structure are analyzed under medium traffic conditions similar to the test road. the parameters of pavement structure are shown in table 1.
The thickness of semi-rigid base and modulus of each layer material are major influence factors in the semi-rigid pavement structure, therefore, construction quality assurance is necessary to achieve the required modulus value for each layer in the construction process.

The mechanical properties include Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, the thermal expansion coefficient, and uniaxial stress-strain curves at several temperatures.
Temperature dependent and independent material properties are evaluated at each integration point.
In the commercial software @ANSYS, material properties are defined to elements, implying that every intgeration point within that element is defined as having the same material properties.
This is modeled by changing the material properties of the molten base material to the fusion zone material upon solidifying.
Based on these 2 differences, from material modelling point of view, the fusion line forms a discontinuity in material properties.

Two main factors effecting reducing yield were determined, namely: heating system and briquetting.
Based on the thermodynamic calculations and analysis of the reduction reaction process, the major limiting factors of affecting direct reducing yield are determined and the conditions of high yield are finally established.
The relevant references [4, 5] have studied on the levels of these factors but the yield is still not high.
(2) The main factor affecting the yield of metal Sm is heating system.
References [1] Coey.J.M.D, S.Hong, Improved magnetic properties by treatment of iron-based rare earth intermetallic compounds in ammonia, J.