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Online since: February 2007
Authors: Fu Ming Deng, Guo Gang Zhao
The factors which
influenced the content of carbon nanotubes in deposits, such as the types of agitation, surfactants and
carbon nanotubes concentration in the plating bath, were examined.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have superstrong mechanical properties [10,11] and good lubricity as graphite [12].
These properties of carbon nanotubes make them to be possible in developing composite coatings with excellent comprehensive properties.
Obviously, this surface structure of the coating might be excellent tribo- logical properties and high wear resistance because of the superstrong mechanical properties [10,11] and self-lubri- cation of CNTs [12] in comparison with the Ni-P coatings without carbon nanotubes.
The important factors affected the content of carbon nanotubes in the deposits were the surface properties of the tubules and the movement of carbon nanotrubes in the bath nearby the depositing surface.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have superstrong mechanical properties [10,11] and good lubricity as graphite [12].
These properties of carbon nanotubes make them to be possible in developing composite coatings with excellent comprehensive properties.
Obviously, this surface structure of the coating might be excellent tribo- logical properties and high wear resistance because of the superstrong mechanical properties [10,11] and self-lubri- cation of CNTs [12] in comparison with the Ni-P coatings without carbon nanotubes.
The important factors affected the content of carbon nanotubes in the deposits were the surface properties of the tubules and the movement of carbon nanotrubes in the bath nearby the depositing surface.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Yan Jie Li, Bing Du, Nan Wei Li, Jie Liang, Gong Ming Yang
A B
Fig.1 Bacterial biofilms in hole on food-contact surface(A×3000,B×3500)
Factors effects biofilms formation in food industry
It found that the microbial attachment and biofilm formation on surfaces of food equipments affected by a lot of factors, such as the chemical and physical properties of the cell and substratum surfaces and the composition of the surrounding medium.
The ability of bacteria to colonize materials is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and medium composition, which affect the physiological characteristics of bacteria.
Altering the physicochemical properties of a cell will probably affect its adherence properties.
Cleaning may alter the surface charge and the physicochemical properties of the surface and subsequently affect bacterial adhesion(BoulangePetermann, 1996).
(2) Choose the proper equipment and materials Material reasonable or not directly affects the mechanical properties and the production of the products.
The ability of bacteria to colonize materials is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and medium composition, which affect the physiological characteristics of bacteria.
Altering the physicochemical properties of a cell will probably affect its adherence properties.
Cleaning may alter the surface charge and the physicochemical properties of the surface and subsequently affect bacterial adhesion(BoulangePetermann, 1996).
(2) Choose the proper equipment and materials Material reasonable or not directly affects the mechanical properties and the production of the products.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Nicolas G. Wright, Simon Barker, K.V. Vassilevski, I.P. Nikitina, A.B. Horsfall
Although the carrier mobility decreases with temperature, the effect of these properties increasing will explain the overall increase in photocurrent.
Fill factor is a measure of how affected a device is by its non-idealities, such as series resistance and ideality factor.
This decrease in fill factor indicates that the device is degrading structurally and becoming more affected by non-idealities.
Increase in these properties has a detrimental effect on fill factor as they reduce the devices ability to output the electrical power it generated.
The power produced exhibits a positive temperature coefficient and a stable fill factor, indicating that the device is not overly affected by variations in series resistance and ideality factor.
Fill factor is a measure of how affected a device is by its non-idealities, such as series resistance and ideality factor.
This decrease in fill factor indicates that the device is degrading structurally and becoming more affected by non-idealities.
Increase in these properties has a detrimental effect on fill factor as they reduce the devices ability to output the electrical power it generated.
The power produced exhibits a positive temperature coefficient and a stable fill factor, indicating that the device is not overly affected by variations in series resistance and ideality factor.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Tong Wang, Xiao Cun Xu, Shu Qiang Xie
To explore machining properties of the EDM in gas basically, thermal fields of single
pulse discharge in gas and liquid were analyzed by FEM software ANSYS.
While thermal properties of electrode material are assumed as all to the uniform, temperature distribution is symmetry to z-axis, and there is 0 T φ ∂ = ∂ .
Simulation with A SYS Typical mould steel Cr12MoV was selected as workpiece material, which properties is shown in Table 1[9].
Thermal strain graph can also be obtained by the FEM-program, which is helpful for analyzing organizational structure and understanding mechanical properties and residual stress of machined surface.
Guo: Thermal properties of engineering alloys (Metallurgical Industry Press, China 1994).
While thermal properties of electrode material are assumed as all to the uniform, temperature distribution is symmetry to z-axis, and there is 0 T φ ∂ = ∂ .
Simulation with A SYS Typical mould steel Cr12MoV was selected as workpiece material, which properties is shown in Table 1[9].
Thermal strain graph can also be obtained by the FEM-program, which is helpful for analyzing organizational structure and understanding mechanical properties and residual stress of machined surface.
Guo: Thermal properties of engineering alloys (Metallurgical Industry Press, China 1994).
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Zhi Guo Gao
The metallurgical factors avoid stray grain formation and improve crack-resistant microstructure development.
Effect of solidification parameters on the microstructures and properties of CMSX-10.
Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 welds performed by gas tungsten arc welding.
Effect of laser power and welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of fiber laser-welded Inconel 617 thin sheet.
Influence of shielding gas composition on structure and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufactured Inconel 625.
Effect of solidification parameters on the microstructures and properties of CMSX-10.
Mechanical properties of Inconel 718 welds performed by gas tungsten arc welding.
Effect of laser power and welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of fiber laser-welded Inconel 617 thin sheet.
Influence of shielding gas composition on structure and mechanical properties of wire and arc additive manufactured Inconel 625.
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Libor M. Hlaváč, Radim Uhlář, Lucie Gembalova, Ondřej Zuchnický, Petr Jonšta
The mechanical properties of both items depend on temperature.
Mechanical properties of the selected steels are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 Steel mechanical properties: Rm – tensile strength, Rp – yield strength, A50 – elongation, HRB – Brinell hardness Material (Wr.Nr.)
The mechanical properties of the machined materials together with the process parameters of the AWJ determine the qualitative parameters of the surface.
Stiasny, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of tool steels, J.
Mechanical properties of the selected steels are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 Steel mechanical properties: Rm – tensile strength, Rp – yield strength, A50 – elongation, HRB – Brinell hardness Material (Wr.Nr.)
The mechanical properties of the machined materials together with the process parameters of the AWJ determine the qualitative parameters of the surface.
Stiasny, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of tool steels, J.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Li Chen, Yu Sen Liu, Xiao Yan Zhou, Wei Guo Sun
Effect of Concentrated Alkali Treatment on the Properties of Naturally Colored Brown Cotton
Li Chen1,a,Yusen Liu 1,Weiguo Sun1,Xiaoyan Zhou1
1School of Textile & Materials,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an,People’s Republic of China
afychenli@yahoo.com.cn
Keywords:naturally colored cotton,crystallinity,morphology,mechanical properties,color.
The naturally colored cotton fiber was treated by sodium hydroxide solution with different concentrations and temperatures.The surface morphology,crystalline structure, mechanical properties and color feature value of fiber after treatment were tested by SEM,XRD,electronic single fiber strength tester and Computer Color Matching meter.The results show that the longitudinal convolutions of the naturally colored cotton fiber treated by concentrated sodium hydroxide decreased or disappeared,and the fiber became nearly cylindrical or cylindrical.The crystallinity of fiber after treatment decreased,part of the celluloseⅠ changed into celluloseⅡ.The breaking strength and breaking elongation of fiber after treatment increased.The total color differences(ΔE) and value a*of fiber after treatment increased,to the contrary,value L* and value b* decreased,which leaded to that the color of fiber treated by alkali became darker.In addition,the treatment temperature had larger influence on the properties
colored cotton and ordinary white cotton are very similar in chemical composition,structure and other properties.But there are still many differences between them.So it is necessary to explore the effect of concentrated sodium hydroxide on the properties of naturally colored cotton.The changes of the performance of naturally colored cotton treated by concentrated sodium hydroxide were analyzed and obtained through a large number of experiments.These results can provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of related technology in naturally colored cotton treatment process with sodium hydroxide.
Mechanical Properties of Fiber Fiber specimens were conditioned for 24 hours at 20°C and 65% relative humidity prior to testing.The samples were tested according to GB/T14337-93 standard reference.The fiber breaking strength and breaking elongation were measured by YG001 electronic single fiber strength tester,operating at a 10mm Clamping distance,a 0.1cN pretension,and a 10mm/min rate of decline.
Mechanical Properties of Fiber (a)Breaking strength of naturally colored cotton fiber(b)Breaking elongation of naturally colored cotton fiber Fig.3 Mechanical Properties of naturally colored cotton fiber before and after treated by concentrated Sodium hydroxide Fig.3 shows that,the breaking strength and elongation of fiber after treatment increased,and the breaking strength and elongation of fiber treated at 20℃ were greater than that of fiber treated at 60℃.The results of fiber crystallinity show that,the crystallinity of fiber treated by concentrated Sodium hydroxide decreased.The crystallinity affects the strength of fiber.Usually,the lower the crystallinity value is,the lower the strength value of fiber is.But the strength of fiber also are impacted by the orientation degree of fiber and other factors.Concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution could cause irreversibly anisotropic swelling of naturally colored cotton fiber,the diameter of fiber increased and the longitudinal length
The naturally colored cotton fiber was treated by sodium hydroxide solution with different concentrations and temperatures.The surface morphology,crystalline structure, mechanical properties and color feature value of fiber after treatment were tested by SEM,XRD,electronic single fiber strength tester and Computer Color Matching meter.The results show that the longitudinal convolutions of the naturally colored cotton fiber treated by concentrated sodium hydroxide decreased or disappeared,and the fiber became nearly cylindrical or cylindrical.The crystallinity of fiber after treatment decreased,part of the celluloseⅠ changed into celluloseⅡ.The breaking strength and breaking elongation of fiber after treatment increased.The total color differences(ΔE) and value a*of fiber after treatment increased,to the contrary,value L* and value b* decreased,which leaded to that the color of fiber treated by alkali became darker.In addition,the treatment temperature had larger influence on the properties
colored cotton and ordinary white cotton are very similar in chemical composition,structure and other properties.But there are still many differences between them.So it is necessary to explore the effect of concentrated sodium hydroxide on the properties of naturally colored cotton.The changes of the performance of naturally colored cotton treated by concentrated sodium hydroxide were analyzed and obtained through a large number of experiments.These results can provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of related technology in naturally colored cotton treatment process with sodium hydroxide.
Mechanical Properties of Fiber Fiber specimens were conditioned for 24 hours at 20°C and 65% relative humidity prior to testing.The samples were tested according to GB/T14337-93 standard reference.The fiber breaking strength and breaking elongation were measured by YG001 electronic single fiber strength tester,operating at a 10mm Clamping distance,a 0.1cN pretension,and a 10mm/min rate of decline.
Mechanical Properties of Fiber (a)Breaking strength of naturally colored cotton fiber(b)Breaking elongation of naturally colored cotton fiber Fig.3 Mechanical Properties of naturally colored cotton fiber before and after treated by concentrated Sodium hydroxide Fig.3 shows that,the breaking strength and elongation of fiber after treatment increased,and the breaking strength and elongation of fiber treated at 20℃ were greater than that of fiber treated at 60℃.The results of fiber crystallinity show that,the crystallinity of fiber treated by concentrated Sodium hydroxide decreased.The crystallinity affects the strength of fiber.Usually,the lower the crystallinity value is,the lower the strength value of fiber is.But the strength of fiber also are impacted by the orientation degree of fiber and other factors.Concentrated Sodium hydroxide solution could cause irreversibly anisotropic swelling of naturally colored cotton fiber,the diameter of fiber increased and the longitudinal length
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Zbigniew Monica, Agnieszka Sękala, Aleksander Gwiazda, Wacław Banaś
The first four mentioned factors have limited capacity of energy dissipation because of their physical characteristics.
The elements affecting the operation of the safety valve include: · • its location in the hydraulic system, · • the time of its response to the increased pressure, · • its capacity.
They both characterizes good mechanical properties and both are oil proved.
Topolska, Physico-chemical properties of TiN films.
The effect of long-term service at elevated temperatures on structure and mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V steel.
The elements affecting the operation of the safety valve include: · • its location in the hydraulic system, · • the time of its response to the increased pressure, · • its capacity.
They both characterizes good mechanical properties and both are oil proved.
Topolska, Physico-chemical properties of TiN films.
The effect of long-term service at elevated temperatures on structure and mechanical properties of Cr-Mo-V steel.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Anh Tuan Do, Quang Cherng Hsu, Kuei Cheng Yeh, Jhan Hong Ye
Improvement on die-casting efficiency and property of aluminum alloy casing.
Avalle et al [1] for static and fatigue strength of a die cast aluminium alloy under different feeding conditions indicated that three batches of different samples conducted would be porosity and impact casting defects, thereby affecting the static and fatigue strength.
Experimental data The parameter design study involves control and noise factors.
Measure of interactions between these factors with regard to robustness is signal - to - noise (S/N) ratio.
The second of simulation factors Table 8.
Avalle et al [1] for static and fatigue strength of a die cast aluminium alloy under different feeding conditions indicated that three batches of different samples conducted would be porosity and impact casting defects, thereby affecting the static and fatigue strength.
Experimental data The parameter design study involves control and noise factors.
Measure of interactions between these factors with regard to robustness is signal - to - noise (S/N) ratio.
The second of simulation factors Table 8.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: D. Kumar, S. Manimaran, T. Rajmohan
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) becomes one of the most promising polymer material for the tribological applications because of its outstanding performance such as high mechanical properties, high chemical resistance, and high wear resistance.
ANOVA is used for identifying the factors that affects the performance measures of quadratic models.
The magnitude of the variables indicates the relative weight of each of these factors.
If any of the responses or factors fall outside their desirability range, the overall function becomes zero.
[11] TieshengGu, Gongxiong Liao, Min Qi, YajuanXu &XigaoJian, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(phthalazinone biphenyl ether sulfone)/PEEK Blends Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 48 (2009) 882-889
ANOVA is used for identifying the factors that affects the performance measures of quadratic models.
The magnitude of the variables indicates the relative weight of each of these factors.
If any of the responses or factors fall outside their desirability range, the overall function becomes zero.
[11] TieshengGu, Gongxiong Liao, Min Qi, YajuanXu &XigaoJian, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(phthalazinone biphenyl ether sulfone)/PEEK Blends Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 48 (2009) 882-889